 Category :: Computer Certification Articles |
Author :: Chris Bryant  |
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| Article Title :: Cisco CCNA Exam Tutorial: A Guide To RAM, ROM, NVRAM, and Flash |
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| CCNA exam success depends on knowing the details, and nowhere is this more true than knowing the various components of a Cisco router. This is also where you can quickly start drowning in acronyms! The terms "RAM" and "ROM" probably aren't new to you, but keeping up with "what goes where" with RAM, ROM, NVRAM, and Flash Memory can be quite a challenge! In this tutorial, we'll take a look at all four of these components and their contents.ROM stands for Read-Only Memory. ROM stores the router’s bootstrap startup program, operating system software, and power-on diagnostic test programs (the POST).Flash memory is generally referred to as “flash” The Cisco Internetwork (read full article) |
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| Category :: Computer Certification Articles |
Author :: Chris Bryant |
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| Article Title :: Cisco CCNP / BSCI Exam Tutorial: A Guide To Ipv6 Addressing |
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| Learning IPv6 is paramount in your efforts to pass the BSCI exam and go on to earn your CCNP, and it's going to help in your real-world networking career as well. IPv6 can be confusing at first, but it's like anything else in Cisco or networking as a whole - learn one part at a time, master the fundamentals, and you're on your way to success. In today's article we're going to take a look at IPv6 address types.In IPv4, a unicast address is simply an address used to represent a single host, where multicast addresses represent a group of hosts and broadcasts represent all hosts.In IPv6, it's not quite that simple. There are actually different types of unicast addresses, each (read full article) |
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| Category :: Computer Certification Articles |
Author :: Chris Bryant |
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| Article Title :: Cisco CCNP / BCMSN Exam Tutorial: Dynamic VLANs and VMPS |
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| Knowledge of Dynamic VLANs and VMPS is important in your efforts to pass the BCMSN exam and earn your CCNP, and it's also a great skill to have for your networking career.As a CCNA and CCNP candidate, you know how and why to configure static VLANs. Static VLANs can be a powerful tool for reducing unnecessary broadcast and multicast traffic, but if hosts are moved from one switch port to another, you've got to make those changes manually on the switch. With Dynamic VLANs, the changes are made - how else? - dynamically.The actual configuration of dynamic VLANs is out of the scope of the BCMSN exam, but as a CCNP candidate you need to know the basics of VMPS - a VLAN Membership (read full article) |
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| Category :: Computer Certification Articles |
Author :: Chris Bryant |
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| Article Title :: Cisco CCNA Exam Tutorial: Defining Collision Domains |
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| CCNA exam success depends on mastering the fundamentals, and two important fundamentals are knowing exactly what the terms "collision domain" and "broadcast domain" mean. In this free Cisco tutorial, we'll take a look at the term "collision domain" and how a collision domain is defined.A collision domain is an area in which a collision can occur. Fair enough, but what "collision" are we talking about here? We're talking about collisions that occur on CSMA/CD segments, or Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection. If two hosts on an Ethernet segment transmit data at exactly the same time, the data from the two hosts will collide on the shared segment. CSMA/CD exists (read full article) |
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| Category :: Computer Certification Articles |
Author :: Chris Bryant |
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| Article Title :: CCNP / BSCI Exam Tutorial: EIGRP Stub Routing |
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| Passing the BCSI exam and earning your CCNP certification requires you to know OSPF stub areas inside and out. Stub areas, total stub areas, a little study on not-so-stub stub areas ... and pretty soon your head is swimming. Then when you hear that EIGRP offers stub routing, your first reaction may be unprintable! But while EIGRP stub routing is effective in the right situation, it's not as complex as OSPF stub routing. Let's take a look at basic EIGRP stub routing.While EIGRP does not have the stub area options that OSPF does, EIGRP does allow a router to be configured as stub. This is commonly done with a hub-and-spoke configuration where the spoke routers do not have the resourc (read full article) |
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| Category :: Computer Certification Articles |
Author :: Chris Bryant |
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| Article Title :: Cisco CCNP / BCMSN Exam Tutorial: Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP) |
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| When you're studying to pass the BCMSN exam on the way to earning your CCNP certification, you're going to add to your CCNA knowledgebase every step of the way. Nowhere is that more than configuring a trunk between two switches.You know that IEEE 802.1Q ("dot1q") and ISL are your two choices of trunking protocols, and you know the main differences between the two. What you might not have known is that there's a third trunking protocol that's running between your Cisco switches, and while it's a transparent process to many, you had better know about it for your BCMSN and other CCNP exams!The Cisco-proprietary Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP) actively attempts to negotiate a (read full article) |
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| Category :: Computer Certification Articles |
Author :: Chris Bryant |
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| Article Title :: Cisco CCNA Exam Tutorial: Why Do We Use RFC 1918 Private Address Ranges? |
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| When you're studying to pass the CCNA, you're introduced to "private addresses", the address ranges formally referred to as RFC 1918 Private Addresses. (RFC stands for Request For Comment; to see a typical RFC, just put that term in your favorite search engine.)There are three ranges of 1918 Private Addresses, one in each major network class.Class A: 10.0.0.0 /8Class B: 172.16.0.0 /12Class C: 192.168.0.0 /16Be careful - these masks are not the classful network masks you're familiar with!The need for private address ranges arose when we started running out of IP addresses! (A lot of us never thought that would happen, but a lot of us used to th (read full article) |
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| Category :: Computer Certification Articles |
Author :: Chris Bryant |
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| Article Title :: Cisco CCNP / BSCI Exam Tutorial: Using OSPF's "Summary-Address" Command |
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| BSCI exam success, not to mention earning your CCNP, can come down to your OSPF route summarization skills. There are a few different commands and situations you need to be ready for, and one of these vital details is the proper use of the "summary-address" command.The summary-address command should be used on an ASBR in order to summarize routes that are being injected into the OSPF domain via redistribution. In the following example, four routes are being redistributed into OSPF on R1, making R1 an ASBR.interface Loopback16
ip address 16.16.16.16 255.0.0.0
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interface Loopback17
ip address 17.17.17.17 255.0.0.0
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interface Loopback18
ip (read full article) |
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| Category :: Computer Certification Articles |
Author :: Chris Bryant |
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| Article Title :: Cisco CCNA Exam Tutorial: Troubleshooting Directly Connected Serial Interfaces |
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| CCNA exam success depends largely on noticing the details, and this is especially true of configurations involving directly connected serial interfaces. And of course, it's not enough to notice these details - you've got to know what to do about them!A Cisco router is a DTE by default, but directly connecting two DTEs with a DCE/DTE cable is not enough. In the following example, R1 and R3 are directly connected at their Serial1 interfaces. The line goes up briefly after being opened, but the line protocol goes down after about 30 seconds.R3(config-if)#int s1R3(config-if)#ip address 172.12.13.3 255.255.255.0R3(config-if)#no shutdown2d18h: %LINK-3-UPDOW (read full article) |
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| Category :: Computer Certification Articles |
Author :: Chris Bryant |
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| Article Title :: Cisco CCNP / BSCI Exam Tutorial: Using The OSPF Command "Area Range" |
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| Your BSCI and CCNP exam success depends on knowing the details, and one such detail is knowing the proper way to summarize routes in OSPF. Route summarization is not just a test of your binary conversion abilities, but knowing where and when to summarize routes. It will not surprise any CCNA or CCNP certification candidate that OSPF gives us the most options for route summarization, and therefore more details to know!OSPF offers us two options for route summarization configurations. In a previous tutorial, we looked at the "summary-address" command, and today we'll look at the proper use of the "area range" command.The "area range" command should be used on an Area Borde (read full article) |
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