Discussed herein is an optical sheet and a display device having the same. In the display device, a fixing portion for fixing optical sheets is provided in the active area of a liquid-crystal panel, and the fixing portion is fixed to a buffer region for evacuation of the panel corner provided in the guide panel, thereby reducing the number of processing steps, and addressing the limitation that components are visible at some viewing angles.

Provided is a liquid crystal display device. The liquid crystal display device includes: a liquid crystal display panel; a light source under the liquid crystal display panel; a light guiding plate; a reflecting plate; a guide mold; and a supporting member. The light guiding plate is in contact with one surface of the light source. The reflecting plate is disposed under the light guiding plate. The guide mold accommodates the light source, the light guiding plate, and the reflecting plate therein. The supporting member is disposed under the reflecting plate and supports at least a part of one surface of the reflecting plate.

This disclosure relates to the technical field of display apparatus, and in particular to a display apparatus and a vehicle utilizing the same. The display apparatus comprises a transmitting device for forming privacy images on a front windshield of a vehicle body and polarized glasses for viewing the privacy images. In the above technical solutions, privacy images are formed on the front windshield of the vehicle body by the transmitting device, such that the formed images will not interfere with the driver's driving. Meanwhile, the passengers can view the images on the front windshield by wearing the polarized glasses. By using the above transmitting device to form privacy images on the front windshield, an area of display is enlarged to facilitate the passengers' viewing. Passengers sitting in the rear portion of the vehicle can clearly view the images, and the visual effect during the passengers' viewing is improved.

An LCD with switchable viewing angle includes a first substrate, second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer. The first substrate is provided with a first electrode and a second electrode. In an embodiment, the first electrode is a pixel electrode, and the second electrode is a common electrode. The second substrate is provided with a third electrode. Liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer are positive liquid crystal molecules. When a first bias voltage is applied to the third electrode, the LCD is displayed with a wide viewing angle; and when a second bias voltage greater than the first bias voltage is applied to the third electrode, the LCD is displayed with a narrow viewing angle.

A liquid crystal display (LCD) panel, a display device and a fabrication method of the LCD panel are provided. The LCD panel comprises a first substrate, a second substrate opposite to the first substrate, a liquid crystal (LC) layer sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate, a first alignment layer disposed on the first substrate, and a second alignment layer disposed on the second substrate. The first alignment layer is in contact with the LC layer and provides a first pre-tilt angle α to LC molecules in the LC layer, and the second alignment layer is in contact with the LC layer and provides a second pre-tilt angle β to the LC molecules in the LC layer, where α>β.

The disclosure provides a liquid crystal display panel, an array substrate and a manufacturing method thereof. In the method, controllable resistance spacer layers are formed on at least one of a source doped region and a drain doped region of a low temperature polysilicon active layer, wherein when a turn-on signal is not applied to the gate layer, the controllable resistance spacer layers serve as a blocking action for a flowing current, and when the turn-on signal is applied to the gate layer, the controllable resistance spacer layers serve as a conducting action for the flowing current, such that a contact region formed of the controllable resistance spacer layers is connected the corresponding source layer and the corresponding drain through the controllable resistance spacer layers. Therefore, the disclosure is capable of effectively decreasing a leakage of a thin film transistor.

A liquid crystal display device wherein a first substrate and a second substrate are bonded together by a sealing material, a pixel electrode, a common electrode, a shift register, a clock line, and a power supply line are formed on the first substrate, a plurality of conductive particles are mixed into the sealing material, the plurality of conductive particles are maintained at a same potential as the common electrode, and the plurality of conductive particles are disposed at a position overlapping at least a part of the power supply line, when viewed from a normal direction of the first substrate.

Provided is a display device, including a substrate including pixel areas which are disposed in a matrix form including pixel rows and pixel columns, a thin film transistor formed on the substrate, a pixel electrode connected to the thin film transistor, a common electrode formed on the pixel electrode to be spaced apart from the pixel electrode with a microcavity therebetween, a liquid crystal layer filling the microcavity between the pixel electrode and the common electrode, a roof layer formed on the common electrode, a liquid crystal injection hole formed in the common electrode and the roof layer to expose a part of the microcavity, and an overcoat formed on the roof layer so as to cover the liquid crystal injection hole to seal the microcavity. A cross section of the microcavity has a reverse-tapered trapezoidal shape in which an upper width is larger than a lower width.

A semiconductor device includes a substrate, a first thin film transistor supported on the substrate and having a first active layer that primarily contains a first oxide semiconductor, and second thin film transistor supported on the substrate and having a second active layer that primarily contains a second oxide semiconductor with a higher mobility than the first oxide semiconductor. The first active layer and the second active layer are positioned on the same insulating layer and contact the same insulating layer.

A display apparatus may include a display panel, a touch electrode, a connecting pad, a first inorganic insulation layer, and a second inorganic insulation layer. The display panel may display an image according to image data. The touch electrode and the connecting pad may be formed of the same conductive material and may be spaced from each other. The first inorganic insulation layer may be positioned between the display panel and the touch electrode and may directly contact each of the touch electrode and the connecting pad. The second inorganic insulation layer may directly contact each of the first inorganic insulation layer and the touch electrode. The touch electrode may be covered by the second inorganic insulation layer. The connecting pad may be positioned between two portions of the second inorganic insulation layer and have a side not covered by the second inorganic insulation layer.

The first substrate has a first projection in which a first part extending along a side of the first substrate in the peripheral part of the first substrate and a second part extending from the first part towards an edge of the first substrate are formed. Width of a cross section of the first projection is smaller on its tip end's side than on the first substrate's side. The second substrate has a second projection extending along a side of the second substrate in the peripheral part of the second substrate. Width of a cross section of the second projection is smaller on its tip end's side than on the second substrate's side. The second part of the first projection faces the second projection. The seal member exists between the first projection and the second projection.

Disclosed herein is a display panel in which a space between a color filter substrate and an array substrate is filled with liquid crystals. The cell gap between the color filter substrate and the array substrate is maintained by a column spacer and a filling pattern with which a contact hole is filled. Accordingly, it is possible to stress damage to an alignment film by the movement of the column spacer even if the display panel is deformed by external force. In addition, the contact hole is filled with the filling pattern, thereby suppressing overcoming the problem of insufficient or excessive amount of liquid crystals.

A liquid crystal display device includes first and second substrates, liquid crystal layer, and first and second spacer sections. The first substrate has a first surface including a light-shielding region in a lattice form and a plurality of opening regions surrounded by the light-shielding region. The light-shielding region includes a plurality of first extended portions extending in a first direction and a plurality of second extended portions extending in a second direction that intersects the first direction. The first substrate has a plurality of transistors formed thereon. The second substrate has a second surface that is opposed to and spaced from the first surface. The liquid crystal layer is arranged between the first and second surfaces. The first spacer section has long sides oriented in the second direction, and the second spacer section has long sides oriented in the first direction. The spacer sections protrude into the liquid crystal layer.

A circuit board is provided and the circuit board is used for being attached to a matching board. The circuit board includes a first circuit pattern and an attaching state inspection area, and the attaching state inspection area further includes a third circuit pattern. A liquid crystal display device is further provided, including the circuit board and the matching board, the matching board includes a second circuit pattern matching the circuit board. It is more accurate to judge the attaching state between the circuit board and the matching board by detecting the deformation state of the conductive particles in vacant areas at different locations after the circuit board is attached to the matching board.

An electrooptic device includes a liquid crystal panel as an electrooptic panel, a first terminal group provided on the liquid crystal panel, the first terminal group including a plurality of terminals arranged in an X direction, and a second terminal group provided on the liquid crystal panel at a position separated from the first terminal group in a Y direction different from the X direction, the second terminal group including a plurality of terminals arranged in the X direction at a terminal arrangement pitch different from that of the first terminal group.

In various embodiments magnetically actuated liquid crystals are provided as well as method of manufacturing such, methods of using the liquid crystals and devices incorporating the liquid crystals. In one non-limiting embodiment the liquid crystals comprise Fe3O4 nanorods where the nanorods are coated with a silica coating.

A fixture for preventing deformation of a glass panel of a display module, for receiving and fixing a light guide plate and a glass panel. It comprises an array cell and a color filter cell. The array cell is provided with a metal routing layer. The color filter cell is provided with a color resist layer. The fixture consists and a lower fixing end, with upper ends, the array cell and the color filter cell received in the upper fixing end, while lower ends thereof received in the lower fixing end, so the color resist layer in the color filter cell and the metal routing layer in the array cell are aligned in parallel. By a gap between the glass panel and the inner side face and bottom surface, the glass panel fine tunes properly for quick recovery by virtue of its gravity when deformation occurs.

A method of forming a front frame of an LCD includes: providing a rectangle frame; disposing bending lines on the side frames of the rectangle frame; adhering a layer of buffering material to the part of the side frame that is on the inner side of the bending line, where the part of the side frame that is on the inner side of the bending line refers to the part of the side frame that is between the bending line and the inner edge of the side frame; and stamping and bending the rectangle frame along the bending line. The present invention can align the layer of buffering material with the inner edge of the side frame so that the layer of buffering material does not extend to the open area of the front frame, therefore does not affect the display of the liquid crystal panel.

A back plate of a liquid crystal display (LCD) device includes a first region as an appearance of the entire LCD device, in which a plurality of first and second reinforcing ribs crossing each other are disposed, the plurality of first reinforcing ribs are arranged to be spaced apart from each other in a horizontal direction, and an angle α between the first reinforcing rib and a vertical direction ranges from 40° to 50°. The plurality of second reinforcing ribs are arranged to be spaced apart from each other in the horizontal direction, and an angle β between the second reinforcing rib and the vertical direction ranges from 40° to 50°. Each of the first reinforcing ribs at least crosses one of the second reinforcing ribs. A liquid crystal display device including the back plate as described above is also disclosed.

A liquid crystal display according to an embodiment includes a display panel, a functional panel on the display panel, a first support unit configured to support the functional panel, a light-emitting unit below the display panel, a second support unit configured to support the light-emitting unit and being attached to the first support unit, and a dual sealing tape configured to bind the first support unit and the second support unit together, and to seal a gap between the first support unit and the second support unit.

Disclosed is a liquid crystal display device that may include a backlight unit including a light guiding plate with a light-incidence portion and an optical sheet portion disposed on the light guiding plate; and a panel support member for supporting a rear edge portion of a liquid crystal display panel, and preparing an air gap between the light guiding plate and one edge portion of the optical sheet portion disposed on the light-incidence portion, wherein it is possible to prevent defects of front luminance in the light-incidence portion with a small bezel width, and to improve mechanical reliability.

According to one embodiment, a display device includes a liquid crystal display panel, a cover panel on a display surface of the liquid crystal display panel, a backlight unit opposed to the liquid crystal display panel, a case covering the backlight unit and the liquid crystal display panel, and including at least a part fixed to the cover panel, and an adhesive provided on the cover panel along the liquid crystal display panel. The adhesive includes a surface opposite to the cover panel, a first area on the surface, and a second area on the surface, located on an inner side closer to the liquid crystal display panel than the first area. The part of the case is adhered to the second area.

According to one embodiment, a display device includes a cover panel, a display panel opposed to the cover panel, an adhesive layer provided between the cover panel and the display panel and attaching the display panel to the cover panel, the adhesive layer including a first area to which the display panel is fixed and a second area located further outward than an outer periphery of the display panel, a backlight unit opposed to the display panel, and a case containing the display panel and the backlight unit, at least a part of the case being fixed to the cover panel by the second area of the adhesive layer.

A liquid crystal display (LCD) is presented. The LCD includes: a substrate; a plurality of thin film transistors disposed on the substrate; a plurality of liquid crystal (LC) layers disposed within a plurality of microcavities on the substrate; a partition wall disposed between the LC layers adjacent in a first direction; and signal lines disposed between the LC layers and the partition wall and connected to the plurality of thin film transistors.

A backlight unit includes a bottom cover; a plurality of light sources on the bottom cover; a first support side at an area directly along a first edge of the bottom cover adjacent to a corner of the bottom cover; and a second support side directly adjacent to the first support side and along the first edge of the bottom cover. The first support side includes a first vertical portion, and a first inclined portion connected to a top of the first vertical portion. The second support side includes a second vertical portion, and a second inclined portion connected to a top of the second vertical portion.

A backlight module and a display device are provided. The backlight module includes a light source, a plate-shaped light intensity splitting component and a reflecting sheet, wherein, the plate-shaped light intensity splitting component and the reflecting sheet are oppositely arranged to form an empty light guide space therebetween, and the plate-shaped light intensity splitting component is configured to split incident light from the light source into reflected light facing to the reflecting sheet and transmission light passing through the plate-shaped light intensity splitting component. The backlight module without adopting a light guide plate can save cost for manufacturing the backlight module and is advantageous to improve light utilization efficiency.

A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal between a TFT substrate including pixels formed in a matrix, and a counter substrate. A pixel electrode is formed in an area surrounded by scanning lines and video signal lines. A common electrode is formed in a lower layer of the pixel electrode through an interlayer insulating film. A long side of the pixel electrode of a first pixel is inclined at a first angle clockwise at a right angle to the extending direction of the scanning line. A long side of the pixel electrode of a second pixel is inclined at the first angle counterclockwise at a right angle to the extending direction of the scanning line. The liquid crystal is a negative type liquid crystal. Further, a protrusion formed in the long side of the pixel electrode has a side parallel to the extending direction of the scanning line.

A liquid crystal display includes a display panel, an opposite display panel, a liquid crystal layer between the display panel and the opposite display panel. The display panel includes a first base substrate, a pretilt alignment stabilization layer including a polymer of a reactive mesogen, a first vertical alignment layer including a decomposition product of a polymerization initiator between the first base substrate and the pretilt alignment stabilization layer, and a pattern electrode between the first base substrate and the first vertical alignment layer. The opposite display panel includes a second base substrate, a patternless electrode on the second base substrate, and a second vertical alignment layer on the patternless electrode, which includes the decomposition product of the polymerization initiator. The liquid crystal layer includes a liquid crystal composition having negative dielectric anisotropy. A surface of the LCD that faces a viewer has a concave shaped curve.

To provide a liquid crystal display device, in which the vertical alignment property of the liquid crystal is high, favorable transparency when no voltage is applied and favorable scattering property when a voltage is applied are achieved, and the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the vertical liquid crystal alignment film is high. A liquid crystal display device, which comprises a liquid crystal layer formed by disposing a liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable compound which undergoes a polymerization reaction by ultraviolet rays, between a pair of substrates provided with an electrode, and irradiating the liquid crystal composition with ultraviolet rays and curing it in such a state that the liquid crystal composition partly or entirely shows liquid crystallinity, and at least one of the substrates being provided with a liquid crystal alignment film to vertically align a liquid crystal, wherein the liquid crystal alignment film is a liquid crystal alignment film obtained from a liquid crystal aligning agent containing a polymer having a first side chain structure and a second side chain structure.

The present disclosure provides a method for rubbing an alignment layer on a substrate with a plurality of spacers that are arranged in rows and columns and a liquid crystal display panel. The method includes: determining a first rubbing direction and a second rubbing direction in such a manner that the second rubbing direction is an arrangement direction of liquid crystal molecules when the liquid crystal molecules are arranged correctly on the alignment layer, and an angle between the first rubbing direction and the second rubbing direction is greater than or equal to arctan (b/a), where a represents a row pitch between the spacers and b represents a width of one spacer; performing a first rubbing on the alignment layer in the first rubbing direction; and performing a second rubbing on the alignment layer in the second rubbing direction. The second rubbing direction is different from the first rubbing direction.

The disclosure provides a display device. The pixel electrode of the display device includes a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode having the same electric potential. The first interlayer is formed between the first substrate and the first pixel electrode. Adjacent two of the first strip-shaped branches of the first interlayer form a first gap to expose part of the first substrate. The common electrode layer is disposed over the second substrate. The pixel electrode is positioned between the first substrate and the display medium layer. The first pixel electrode extends to cover the first gap. A difference between a maximum distance between the first pixel electrode and the common electrode layer and a maximum distance between the second pixel electrode and the common electrode layer is 0.1 μm to 0.4 μm.

A display apparatus includes a liquid crystal layer between first and second substrates. The first and second scan lines along a first direction are disposed adjacently above the first substrate. A first region defined by the first and second data/scan lines includes the first and second sub-pixel regions. The first sub-pixel region includes a first TFT (connected to the first scan line and the first data line) and a first electrode electrically connected to the first TFT. A first common electrode disposed above the first substrate includes the first and second portions connected to each other. The first portion is positioned between the first electrode and the first data line, and the second portion is positioned between the second electrode and the first data line, wherein a width of the first portion in the first direction is greater than a width of the second portion in the first direction.

According to one embodiment, a liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display panel which includes a pixel electrode, a liquid crystal layer and an alignment film, and a driver. The driver drives the pixel electrode at a drive frequency of 1 to 20 Hz. The alignment film has a resistivity of 5×1014 Ω·cm or more.

An array substrate and a method of fabricating the same are disclosed. The method has the following steps of: fabricating a switch array layer on a substrate; forming a color resist layer having a red color filter, a green color filter and a blue color filter on the switch array layer, and a through hole in the color resist layer; forming a transparent conductive layer on the color resist layer; and forming a light shield layer on the transparent conductive layer.

A liquid display device is provided. The liquid crystal display device includes a first base substrate, a first signal line disposed on the first base substrate and extended in a first direction, a second signal line disposed on the first base substrate, extended in a second direction intersecting the first direction, and insulated from the first signal line, a thin film transistor disposed on the first base substrate and electrically connected to the first signal line and the second signal line, a pixel electrode electrically connected to the thin film transistor, and a shield pattern disposed on a same layer as but spaced apart from the pixel electrode, overlapped with the thin film transistor, and including a material same as a material of the pixel electrode.

A deskew display panel is disclosed in present invention. The deskew display panel includes a plurality of data lines arranged in a column direction, a plurality of scanning lines perpendicular to the column direction and intersecting the data lines; a sub-pixel array including a plurality of sub-pixels arranged in array, each sub-pixel including a transistor and disposed between any two neighboring scanning lines and any two neighboring data lines; the scanning lines disposed in the sub-pixel array and parallel to each other; sub-pixels in each row including a plurality of sub-pixel sets, each sub-pixel set including two sub-pixels, the sub-pixel including the transistor, gates of the transistors connected to two neighboring scanning lines respectively, sources of the transistors connected to the same data line, and drains of the transistors connected to a liquid crystal capacitor and a storage capacitor.

A display of an electric device includes a plurality of separated transparent electrode blocks, which are configured to provide one or more of supplemental features such as touch recognition. Signal paths between the transparent electrode blocks and the driver for the supplemental feature are implemented with a plurality of conductive lines placed under positioned under one or more planarization layers. The conductive lines implementing the signal paths are routed across the display area, directly toward a non-display area where drive-integrated circuits are located.

Carbon allotropes, a thin-film transistor array substrate comprising the same, and a display device comprising the same are disclosed. The thin-film transistor array substrate comprising a substrate, a gate electrode on the substrate, a gate insulating film on the gate electrode, an active layer positioned on the gate insulating film and comprising a semiconductor material and a plurality of carbon allotropes, and a source electrode and a drain electrode that make contact with the active layer.

An electronic device includes, a light source having a peak emission at a wavelength between about 440 nm to about 480 nm; and a photoconversion layer disposed on the light source, wherein the photoconversion layer includes a first quantum dot which emits red light and a second quantum dot which emits green light,wherein at least one of the first quantum dot and the second quantum dot has a perovskite crystal structure and includes a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1: AB'X3+α Chemical Formula 1 wherein A is a Group IA metal, NR4+, or a combination thereof, B' is a Group IVA metal, X is a halogen, BF4−, or a combination thereof, and α is 0 to 3.

A liquid-crystal display (LCD) device includes: an array substrate on which a sub-pixel is disposed; a color filter substrate on which a color filter corresponding to the sub-pixel is disposed; and a liquid-crystal layer between the array substrate and the color filter substrate. The array substrate comprises a lens hole, the color filter substrate comprises a lens hole guide, and a diameter of the lens hole is smaller than an inner diameter of the lens hole guide.

According to one embodiment, a laminated film includes a first adhesive layer, a first insulating layer which faces the first adhesive layer, a first metal layer which is located between the first adhesive layer and the first insulating layer, and a first porous layer which is located between the first adhesive layer and the first insulating layer and faces the first metal layer.

An analytical tool is provided for analysis of a sample by capillary electrophoresis. The analytical tool includes an inlet reservoir into which a sample is introduced, a capillary tube in communication with the inlet reservoir, a filter through which a liquid from the inlet reservoir passes, an enlarged portion undergoing a sudden increase in a cross-sectional area and being in communication with the inlet reservoir and the capillary tube, and a pressure fluctuation reducer for preventing pressure fluctuation at the enlarge portion from affecting a liquid in the capillary tube.

A single molecule sensing or detecting device includes a first electrode and a second electrode separated from the first electrode by a gap. The first electrode and the second electrode have an opening formed therethrough. At least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is functionalized with a recognition molecule. The recognition molecule has an effective length L1 and is configured to selectively bind to a target molecule having an effective length L2. The size of the gap is configured to be greater than L2, but less than or equal to the sum of L1 and L2.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an In—Cu alloy sputtering target member having high compositional homogeneity in the thickness direction. The present invention provides a sputtering target member having a composition containing from 1 to 70 at. % of Cu relative to a total number of atoms of In and Cu, the balance being In and inevitable impurities, wherein the target member fulfills 0.95≦A/B≦1, where A represents a Cu atomic concentration relative to the total number of atoms of In and Cu in one half of a thickness direction; B represents a Cu atomic concentration relative to the total number of atoms of In and Cu in the other half of the thickness direction; and B≧A; and wherein a number of pores having a size of 100 μm or more is less than 10/cm2 on average.

A process train for a floating production storage and offloading installation includes a crude oil storage tank that is equipped with at least one set of electrostatic internals arranged to provide a treatment flow path isolated from a surrounding volume of the electrostatic separator section of the tank. An oil-and-water stream or mixture entering the set of electrostatic internals travels along the treatment flow path and is subjected to an electric field. The treatment flow path is in an upwardly direction toward the oil outlet section and in a downwardly opposite direction toward the water outlet section of the tank. Employing electrostatic internals within the tank permits an allowable inlet water content into the tank of up to 80%, significantly reducing the required topside processing equipment.

Methods and apparatus for treating an exhaust gas in a foreline of a substrate processing system are provided herein. In some embodiments, a method for treating an exhaust gas in an exhaust conduit of a substrate processing system includes: flowing an exhaust gas and a reagent gas into an exhaust conduit of a substrate processing system; injecting a non-reactive gas into the exhaust conduit to maintain a desired pressure in the exhaust conduit for conversion of the exhaust gas; and forming a plasma from the exhaust gas and reagent gas, subsequent to injecting the non-reactive gas, to convert the exhaust gas to abatable byproduct gases.

The present application discloses methods and apparatus for conversion of quantized vibrational energy. The present application discloses, by driving a medium that comprises arranged nuclei with one or more selected driving frequencies, the arranged nuclei in the medium are induced to oscillate coherently at one or more oscillating frequencies. The mechanical vibrational energy of the oscillating nuclei interacts with the oscillating medium. The interaction between the vibrational energy and the oscillating medium effectuates up-conversion or down-conversion of quantized vibrational energy.

The invention discloses a composite material used for catalyzing and degrading nitrogen oxide and its preparation method and application thereof. The invention of the hollow g-C3N4 nanospheres/reduced graphene oxide composite-polymer carbonized nanofiber material is prepared as follow: 1) the preparation of silica nanospheres; 2) the preparation of hollow g-C3N4 nanospheres; 3) the preparation of graphene oxide; 4) the preparation of surface modified hollow g-C3N4 nanoparticles preparation; 5) the preparation of composites; 6) the preparation of composite-polymer carbon nanofiber material. The raw materials used in the process is low cost and easy to get; the operation of the invention is simple and convenient without the use of expensive equipment in the whole process; the composite has high adsorption efficiency of ppb level nitrogen oxide with good repeatability.

Microfluidic devices having an electrowetting configuration and an optimized droplet actuation surface are provided. The devices include a conductive substrate having a dielectric layer, a hydrophobic layer covalently bonded to the dielectric layer, and a first electrode electrically coupled to the dielectric layer and configured to be connected to a voltage source. The microfluidic devices also include a second electrode, optionally included in a cover, configured to be connected to the voltage source. The hydrophobic layer features self-associating molecules covalently bonded to a surface of the dielectric layer in a manner that produces a densely-packed monolayer that resists intercalation and or penetration by polar molecules or species. Also provided are microfluidic devices having an electrowetting configuration that further include a section or module having a dielectrophoresis configuration; systems that include any of the microfluidic devices in combination with an aqueous droplet and a fluidic medium immiscible with the medium of the aqueous droplet; related kits; and methods of manipulating droplets, optionally containing micro-objects such as biological cells, within the microfluidic devices.

Certain exemplary aspects of the present disclosure are directed towards an apparatus for electrostatic fluid filtration. The apparatus utilizing alternating positive and negative electrodes in conjunction with filter media there between to filter contaminants from a fluid flow.