Black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill) B.S.P) is the dominant forest cover type in interior Alaska and is prone to frequent, stand-replacing wildfires.

Old-growth forests provide unique habitat features and landscape functions compared to younger stands. The goals of many forest management plans in the Pacific Northwest include increasing the area of late-successional and old-growth forests.

We used two data sets to evaluate stream and watershed condition for sixth-field watersheds in each aquatic province within the Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP) area: stream data and upslope data. The stream evaluation was based on inchannel data (e.g., substrate, pieces of large wood, water temperature, pool frequency, and macroinvertebrates) we sampled from 2002 to 2009 (193 watersheds) as part of a repeating sample design. We just completed our first round of sampling, so only current condition was calculated for this data set. When condition scores for the inchannel data were grouped into categories, relatively few fell into the low (10 percent) and very low (1 percent) categories. The majority of inchannel attribute scores fell into the moderate (35 percent) and high (41 percent) condition ranges, with relatively few (12 percent) in the very high category. For low-scoring watersheds, water temperature was often the most influential factor. Aquatic invertebrate scores also appeared influential in producing the low scores.

An update to one of my early gallery demonstrations to bring it up to date using the latest CSS techniques.

An update to one of my early 'one page' demonstrations to bring it up to date using the latest CSS techniques.

A simplified method of producing a centered dropdown and flyout menu with variable widths depending on text content.

A restyled version that allows dropdowns and flyouts to the left and right. Centered top level list and different color sub levels. Even works in IE5.5.

A version 2 of the dropline, dropdown and flyout hybrid menu.

A droplist menu using top level blocks containing images with text and links.

Fixing a problem when having vertical divide lines between horizontal link and using rollover images.

A dropdown menu with top level centered and sub menus dynamic widths to fit the longest text, and all in shades of grey and black.

Using CSS3 and keyframes to produce an interactive marquee

A sliding panel demo using CSS3 and IE time:animate for smooth sliding action.

A series of three galleries using timeAction for IE7 and IE8 only.

This site has been set up to explore the possibilities of using HTML5 with CSS.

Using CSS3 to produce a set of expanding panels with slide down sub menus.

A flyout list menu with top level links and a close menu icon for the iPad, iPhone and iPod Touch.

A droplist menu with top level links and a close menu tab for the iPad, iPhone and iPod Touch.

A pulldown panel containing a droplist menu using just CSS and suitable for the iPad, iPhone and iPod Touch.

Using an image to close any open sub menus on the iPad, iPhone and iPod Touch.

Adapting the Anywidth dropdown/flyout menu to work on the iPad, iPhone and iPod Touch.

The previous menu modified to give a clearer indication of the 'CLOSE' tab for the iPad etc..

A single level slide down menu with a 'close' tab for the iPad, iPhone and iPod Touch.

A multi level dropdown/flyout animated menu with a 'close' tab for the iPad, iPhone and iPod Touch.

A circular icon menu with circular icon sub menus and animation.

A single level dropdown menu with clck action incorporating the latest bug fixes for IE and the iPad, iPhone and iPod Touch.

A simpler version of the Anywidth v2 menu, using the latest techniques and discoveries for the iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch.

A simpler version of the Anywidth v3 menu, using the latest techniques and discoveries for the iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch.

A simpler version of the Anywidth v4 menu, using the latest techniques and discoveries for the iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch.

Using CSS3 to produce click gallery with permanent images to rival jQuery/javascript.

A simpler version of the Anywidth v5 menu, using the latest techniques and discoveries for the iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch. NO need for a special 'close' button or tab.

A second version of the marquee demo using CSS3 and keyframes to produce an interactive marquee for any length of text.

Using CSS3 transitions, transforms and keyframes to produce a 3D animation of the Earth, Mars, Jupiter and the Moon.

Using CSS3 transitions, transforms and keyframes to produce a 3D Dymaxion Map of the Earth's surface.

A left/right slider to reveal/hide an 'after' image with a hold feature.

A left/right slider to reveal/hide an 'after' image suitable for IE7+.

Enlarging a section of a smaller image by vertically scanning the smaller image.

A gallery with permanent image changes and a zoom/fly animation.

A CSS3 Random Heroes game, animated sprites using no images.

A simpler version of the Anywidth #6 menu, using the latest techniques and discoveries for the iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch. NO need for a special 'close' button or page wide transparent image.

Several methods of applying a 'swipe' color change to text on hover and a gradient color fill.

A method of getting IE7, IE8 and early version of other browsers to support 'background-size:cover'.

A method of centering images and information panels using margin:auto;.

A multi level mini menu suitable for PCs, Tablets and Smartphones.

A second multi level mini menu suitable for PCs, Tablets and Smartphones.

A droplist animated menu suitable for PCs, Tablets and Smartphones.

A vertical concertina animated menu suitable for PCs, Tablets and Smartphones.

3D modelling with 360 º animation suitable for IE10 and IE11 without using 'transform-style: preserve-3d;'

3D modelling with 360 º animation using 'transform-style: preserve-3d;' so NOT for IE10 or IE11

A CSS only method of producing percentage border widths and text sizing without using @media queries.