A method of forming a film on a substrate using Group IIIA metal complexes. The complexes and methods are particularly suitable for the preparation of semiconductor structures using chemical vapor deposition techniques and systems.

Compounds of the formula (I) or (I'), where R1 is a hydrogen atom or C1-C4-alkyl and R'1 is C1-C4-alkyl; X1 and X2 are each, independently of one another, a secondary phosphine group; R2 is hydrogen, R01R02R03Si—, C1-C18.acyl substituted by halogen, hydroxy, C1-C8-alkoxy or R04R05N—, -or R06—X01—C(O)—; R01, R02 and R03 are each, independently of one another, C1-C12-alkyl, unsubstituted or C1-C4-alkyl or C1-C4-alkoxy-substituted C6-C10-aryl or C7-C12-aralkyl; R04 and R05 are each, independently of one another, hydrogen, C1-C12-alkyl, C3-C8-cycloalkyl, C6-C10-aryl or C7-C12-aralkyl, or R04 and R05 together are trimethylene, tetramethylene, pentamethylene or 3-oxapcntylene; R06 is C1-C18-alkyl, unsubstituted or C1-C4-alkyl- or C1-C4-alkoxy-substituted C3-C8-cycloalkyl, C6-C10-aryl or C7-C12-aralkyl; X01 is —O— or —NH—; T is C6-C20-arylene; v is 0 or an integer from 1 to 4; and * denotes a mixture of racemic or enantiomerically pure diastereomers or pure racemic or enantiomerically diastereomers, are excellent chiral ligands for metal complexes as enantioselective catalysts for the hydrogenation of prochiral organic compounds.

Disclosed are a ferrocene-containing conductive polymer, an organic memory device using the conductive polymer and a method for fabricating the organic memory device. The conductive polymer may include a fluorenyl repeating unit, a thienyl repeating unit and a diarylferrocenyl repeating unit. The organic memory device may possess the advantages of rapid switching time, decreased operating voltage, decreased fabrication costs and increased reliability. Based on these advantages, the organic memory device may be used as a highly integrated, large-capacity memory device.

A flame retardant suitable for manufacturing a polymer composition is provided. The polymer composition is used for forming a cured film in which a balance among flame retardancy, adhesion, chemical resistance, heat resistance, and elasticity, and so on, is provided. A flame-retardant polymer composition with an excellent balance among the above properties is also provided. The flame retardant of the invention has a structure of Formula (1), (2), or (3): (in which, R1 is hydrogen or methyl, R2 is C2-20 alkylene or C2-20 alkylene in which any —CH2— is replaced by —O—, R3 and R4 are C1-20 alkyl, phenyl, and phenyl substituted by C1-5 alkyl or phenyl, R3 and R4 may also be an integrally-formed cyclic group, and p and q are 0 or 1).

The present invention relates to a biocompatible ceramic material comprising Baghdadite (Ca3ZrSi2O9), and a method for its preparation. Preferably the Baghdadite is synthetically prepared. The present invention also relates to an implantable medical device comprising biocompatible Baghdadite, and a method for its production. The present invention further relates to a method for improving the long term stability of an implantable medical device and an implantable drug delivery device comprising Baghdadite. Further, the present invention relates to the use of comprising biocompatible Baghdadite in the regeneration or resurfacing of tissue.

The invention relates to glasses for use in solid laser applications, particularly short-pulsed, high peak power laser applications. In particular, the invention relates to a method for broadening the emission bandwidth of rare earth ions used as lasing ions in solid laser glass mediums, especially phosphate-based glass compositions, using Nd and Yb as co-dopants. The invention further relates to a laser system using a Nd-doped and Yb-doped phosphate laser glass, and a method of generating a laser beam pulse using such a laser system.

A pipe choke for use in drilling and mining operations comprising a body including a first end and a second end configured to couple to a pipe, an opening extending through the body from the first end to the second end, and wherein the body includes a first phase comprising recrystallized silicon carbide and a second phase comprising silicon.

There are provided a dielectric ceramic having a high Qf value in a relative permittivity ∈r range of 35 to 45, and a small absolute value of a temperature coefficient τf which indicates change of the resonant frequency in a wide temperature range from a low temperature range to a high temperature range, and a dielectric filter having the dielectric ceramic. A dielectric ceramic includes: a main component, molar ratios α, β, and γ satisfying expressions of 0.240≦α≦0.470, 0.040≦β≦0.200, 0.400≦γ≦0.650, and α+β+γ=1 when a composition formula of the main component is represented as αZrO2.βSnO2.γTiO2; and Mn, a content of Mn in terms of MnO2 being greater than or equal to 0.01% by mass and less than 0.1% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the main component.

Disclosed are a vacuum glass panel and a manufacturing method of the same. The vacuum glass panel according to the present invention includes a first glass plate, a second glass plate facing the first glass plate with a vacuum space therebetween, an edge of the second glass plate being in contact with the first glass plate, and a plurality of spacers disposed between the first glass plate and the second glass plates to separate the first glass plate and the second glass plate from each other. The plurality of spacers are formed of a glass including alumina (Al2O3) particles and silica (SiO2) particles.

The shape and number of surface defects are controlled so that the occurrence of failure is suppressed in an HDD device in which a magnetic head with a very small flying height, such as a DFH head, is mounted. A magnetic disk substrate is characterized in that when laser light with a wavelength of 405 nm and a laser power of 25 mW is irradiated with a spot size of 5 μm and scattered light from the substrate is detected, the number of defects detected to have a size of 0.1 μm to not more than 0.3 μm is less than 50 per 24 cm2 and, with respect to the defects, there is no defect in which, in a bearing curve obtained by a bearing curve plot method using an atomic force microscope, a portion from an apex of the defect to 45% thereof is located in an area of defect height higher than a virtual line connecting from the apex of the defect to 45% thereof.

A method for manufacturing a plurality of glass microspheres comprises: melting a batch into a first glass melt in a melter system, processing the first glass melt into a second glass, pulverizing the second glass into a plurality of glass fragments, thermally processing the plurality of glass fragments into a plurality of glass microspheres, providing at least one of a plurality of redox reactions and a plurality of events in at least one of the first glass melt and a melt of the second glass, and the plurality of redox reactions and the plurality of events are induced by a plurality of redox active group (RAG) components.

A glass for a magnetic recording medium substrate permitting the realization of a magnetic recording medium substrate affording good chemical durability and having an extremely flat surface, a magnetic recording medium substrate comprised of this glass, a magnetic recording medium equipped with this substrate, and methods of manufacturing the same. The glass is an oxide glass not including As or F.

A glass ceramic as cooktop for induction heating having improved colored display capability and heat shielding is provided. The cooktop includes a transparent, dyed glass ceramic plate having high-quartz mixed crystals as a predominant crystal phase. The glass ceramic contains none of the chemical refining agents arsenic oxide and/or antimony oxide and has a transmittance values greater than 0.4% at at least one wavelength in the blue spectrum between 380 and 500 nm, a transmittance >2% at 630 nm, a transmittance of less than 45% at 1600 nm, and a light transmittance of less than 2.5% in the visible spectrum.

Provided is a light-emitting glass which is applicable to, e.g., white illuminators including a light-emitting diode as a light source, and which emits light of a warm white color when irradiated with near ultraviolet light and combines long-term weatherability with high heat resistance; a light-emitting device containing same and a process for producing same. The light-emitting glass includes, as the base glass, borosilicate or silicate glass having a separated-phase structure, whereby the base glass is efficiently doped with, for example, transition metal ion clusters which emit light of a warm white color upon irradiation with near ultraviolet light. With this glass, it is possible to attain increases in excitation wavelength and emission wavelength. The glass thus emits, based on a multiple scattering effect, high-intensity light of a warm white color upon irradiation with near ultraviolet light.

Shape memory and pseudoelastic martensitic behavior is enabled by a structure in which there is provided a crystalline ceramic material that is capable of undergoing a reversible martensitic transformation and forming martensitic domains, during such martensitic transformation, that have an elongated domain length. The ceramic material is configured as a ceramic material structure including a structural feature that is smaller than the elongated domain length of the ceramic material.

A liquid composition is provided for forming a thin film in the form of a mixed composite metal oxide in which a composite oxide B containing copper (Cu) and a composite oxide C containing manganese (Mn) are mixed into a composite metal oxide A represented with the general formula: Ba1-xSrxTiyO3, wherein the molar ratio B/A of the composite oxide B to the composite metal oxide A is within the range of 0.002

A separation membrane according to the present invention is characterized by having a porous tube containing an alumina as a main component and an attachment member disposed in a connection position of the porous tube, wherein the porous tube and the attachment member are bonded by a ceramic oxide-based bonding agent containing 17 to 48 wt % of SiO2, 2 to 8 wt % of Al2O3, 24 to 60 wt % of BaO, and 0.5 to 5 wt % of ZnO as essential components and containing at least one of La2O3, CaO, and SrO, and a thin zeolite layer is formed on a surface of the porous tube. The attachment member is bonded to the porous tube before the formation of the zeolite layer. Therefore, the bonding agent can have a melting temperature higher than 600° C., which is the upper heatproof temperature limit of the zeolite. Thus, the ceramic oxide material for the bonding agent can be selected from a wider range of compositions such as glass compositions (without limitations on the glass softening temperature).

Methods and a kit. A cement forming method includes nucleating an acidic metallophosphate reaction mixture with first particles, resulting in forming a settable metallophosphate cement from the acidic metallophosphate reaction mixture. The first particles include a first metal oxide. Each particle of the first particles independently have a particle size in a range from about 15 microns to about 450 microns. A method for applying cement includes seeding a solution with particles, resulting in forming a settable cement from the solution. The particles have a size in a range from about 15 microns to about 450 microns. The solution includes a first metal oxide reacting with phosphate. The settable cement is applied to a substrate. A cement application kit is also described.

The invention relates to powder comprising at least one element M, at least one element A and at least one element X, in the respective proportions (n+1±ε1), 1±ε2 and n±ε3, in which: A is chosen from Cd, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, P, As and S;M is a transition metal;X is chosen from B, C and N;n is an integer equal to 1, 2 or 3; andε1, ε2 and ε3 independently represent a number ranging from 0 to 0.2, said powder having a mean particle size of less than 500 nm.

The present invention is directed to an electroconductive silver thick film paste composition comprising Ag, a glass frit and rhodium resinate, Cr2O3 or a mixture thereof all dispersed in an organic medium. The present invention is further directed to an electrode formed from the paste composition and a semiconductor device and, in particular, a solar cell comprising such an electrode. The paste is particularly useful for forming a tabbing electrode.

To provide a method for producing a magnetic disk, whereby a magnetic recording layer is formed at a high temperature. A method for producing a magnetic disk, which comprises a step of forming a magnetic recording layer on a glass substrate having a temperature of at least 550° C., wherein the glass substrate comprises, as represented by mol percentage, from 62 to 74% of SiO2, from 6 to 18% of Al2O3, from 2 to 15% of B2O3 and from 8 to 21%, in total, of at least one component selected from MgO, CaO, SrO and BaO, provided that the total content of the above seven components is at least 95%, and further contains less than 1%, in total, of at least one component selected from Li2O, Na2O and K2O, or contains none of these three components.

Provided is an oxide sintered body suitably used for the production of an oxide semiconductor film for a display device, wherein the oxide sintered body has both high conductivity and relative density, and is capable of depositing an oxide semiconductor film having high carrier mobility. This oxide sintered body is obtained by mixing and sintering powders of zinc oxide, tin oxide and indium oxide, and when an EPMA in-plane compositional mapping is performed on the oxide sintered body the percentage of the area in which Sn concentration is 10 to 50 mass % in the measurement area is 70 area percent or more.

There are provided a dielectric composition and a preparation method thereof, the dielectric composition including: a first perovskite powder for a core represented by ABO3: and a second perovskite powder for a shell represented by ABO3, having an average particle diameter corresponding to ⅓ to 1/10 of an average particle diameter of the first perovskite powder, and included in an amount of 1 to 70 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the first perovskite powder, wherein particles of the second perovskite powder have pores having a volume fraction of 3 to 50 vol % therein. According to the present invention, there are provided a dielectric composition having excellent dielectric characteristics and electrical characteristics, and a preparation method thereof.

A dielectric ceramic material comprises a primary component of barium titanate (BaTiO3) and at least one additive component. The additive component has a mole percentage from 1% to 50% and is selected from the group consisting of lithium tantalite (LiTaO3), barium cerate (BaCeO3), sodium metaniobate (NaNbO3) and the combinations thereof.

Provided is a method of producing an α-olefin polymer including a step of polymerizing one or more kinds of α-olefins each having 6 to 20 carbon atoms with a catalyst obtained by using a specific transition metal compound. By the method, an α-olefin polymer having a viscosity suitable for use in a lubricating oil can be produced on an industrial scale with ease, and further, the characteristics of the product can be widely changed through the control of reaction conditions.

To provide a glass ceramic body wherein the deterioration of the reflectance due to black coloration is suppressed, and the unevenness of the firing shrinkage is suppressed. A glass ceramic body comprising a glass matrix and alumina particles dispersed therein, wherein the glass matrix is not crystallized, a ceramic part composed of the dispersed alumina particles has an α-alumina crystal structure and a crystal structure other than the α-alumina crystal structure.

The invention is directed to a pulverulent compound of the formula NiaM1bM2cOx(OH)y where M1 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Zn, Cu and mixtures thereof, M2 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mn, Al, Cr, B, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Si and mixtures thereof, 0.3≦a≦0.83, 0.1≦b≦0.5, 0.01≦c≦0.5, 0.01≦x≦0.99 and 1.01≦y≦1.99, wherein the ratio of tapped density measured in accordance with ASTM B 527 to the D50 of the particle size distribution measured in accordance with ASTM B 822 is at least 0.2 g/cm3·μm. The invention is also directed to a method for the production of the pulverulent compound and the use as a precursor material for producing lithium compounds for use in lithium secondary batteries.

An alumino-borosilicate glass for the confinement, isolation of a radioactive liquid effluent of medium activity, and a method for treating a radioactive liquid effluent of medium activity, wherein calcination of said effluent is carried out in order to obtain a calcinate, and a vitrification adjuvant is added to said calcinate.

A glass composition including SiO2 in an amount from 74.5 to 80.0% by weight, Al2O3 in an amount from 5.0 to 9.5%>> by weight, MgO in an amount from 8.75 to 14.75% by weight, CaO in an amount from 0.0 to 3.0% by weight, Li2O in an amount from 2.0 to 3.25% by weight, Na2O in an amount from 0.0 to 2.0% by weight is provided. Glass fibers formed from the inventive composition may be used in applications that require high strength, high stiffness, and low weight. Such applications include woven fabrics for use in forming wind blades, armor plating, and aerospace structures.

A substrate for p-Si TFT flat panel displays made of a glass having a high low-temperature-viscosity characteristic temperature and manufactured while avoiding erosion/wear of a melting tank during melting through direct electrical heating. The glass substrate comprises 52-78 mass % of SiO2, 3-25 mass % of Al2O3, 3-15 mass % of B2O3, 3-20 mass % of RO, wherein RO is total amount of MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO, 0.01-0.8 mass % of R2O, wherein R2O is total amount of Li2O, Na2O, and K2O, and 0-0.3 mass % of Sb2O3, and substantially does not comprise As2O3, wherein the mass ratio CaO/RO is equal to or greater than 0.65, the mass ratio (SiO2+Al2O3)/B2O3 is in a range of 7-30, and the mass ratio (SiO2+Al2O3)/RO is equal to or greater than 5. A related method involves melting glass raw materials blended to provide the glass composition; a forming step of forming the molten glass into a flat-plate glass; and an annealing step of annealing the flat-plate glass.

A tempered glass substrate has a compression stress layer on a surface thereof, and has a glass composition comprising, in terms of mass %, 40 to 70% of SiO2, 12 to 21% of Al2O3, 0 to 3.5% of Li2O, 10 to 20% of Na2O, 0 to 15% of K2O, and 0 to 4.5% of TiO2, wherein the tempered glass substrate has a plate thickness of 1.5 mm or less, and an internal tensile stress in the tempered glass substrate is 15 to 150 MPa.

There is provided a dielectric composition including: a base powder including BaTiO3; a first accessory component including a content (x1) of 0.1 to 1.0 at % of an oxide or a carbonate including transition metals, based on 100 moles of the base powder; a second accessory component including a content (y) of 0.01 to 3.0 at % of oxide or carbonate including a fixed valence acceptor element, based on 100 moles of the base powder; a third accessory component including an oxide or a carbonate including a Ce element (content of z at %) and at least one rare earth element (content of w at %); and a fourth accessory component including a sintering aid, wherein 0.01≦z≦x1+4y and 0.01≦z+w≦x1+4y based on 100 moles of the base powder.

An optical glass including B3+, La3+ and Nb5+ as cationic components constituting the glass, wherein the optical glass satisfies the following expressions represented in cation percentages: 10 cat. %≦B3+≦50 cat. %;40 cat. %≦La3+≦65 cat. %;0 cat. %≦Nb5+≦40 cat. %;80 cat. %≦(total amount of B3++La3++Nb5+)≦100 cat. %; and0 cat. %≦Si4+≦10 cat. %;0 cat. %≦Ge4+≦5 cat. %;0 cat. %≦Mg2+≦5 cat. %;0 cat. %≦Ba2+≦10 cat. %;0 cat. %≦Ca2+≦10 cat. %;0 cat. %≦Sr2+≦10 cat. %;0 cat. %≦Zn2+≦20 cat. %;0 cat. %≦W6+≦5 cat. %;0 cat. %≦Zr4+≦5 cat. %;0 cat. %≦Ti4+≦5 cat. %;0 cat. %≦Bi3+≦5 cat. %;0 cat. %≦Ta5+≦10 cat. %;0 cat. %≦(total amount of Y3++Gd3+)≦20 cat. %; and0 cat. %≦(total amount of Yb3++Lu3+)≦10 cat. %.

Provided are an oxide sintered body and a sputtering target that are ideal for the production of an oxide semiconductor film for a display device. The oxide sintered body and sputtering target that are provided have both high conductivity and high relative density, are capable of forming an oxide semiconductor film having a high carrier mobility, and in particular, have excellent direct-current discharge stability in that long-term, stable discharge is possible, even when used by the direct-current sputtering method. The oxide sintered body of the invention is an oxide sintered body obtained by mixing and sintering zinc oxide, tin oxide, and an oxide of at least one metal (M metal) selected from the group consisting of Al, Hf, Ni, Si, Ga, In, and Ta. When the in-plane specific resistance and the specific resistance in the direction of depth are approximated by Gaussian distribution, the distribution coefficient σ of the specific resistance is 0.02 or less.

The invention relates to a granulated powder intended, in particular, for the production of ceramic sintered parts, said powder having the following chemical weight composition, based on dry matter, namely: a zirconia stabiliser selected from the group containing Y2O3, Sc2O3, MgO, CaO, CeO2, and mixtures thereof, the weight content of stabiliser, based on the total zirconia and stabiliser content, being between 2% and 20% and the MgO+CaO content being less than 5% based on the total zirconia and stabiliser content; at least 1% of a first binder having a glass transition temperature less than or equal to 25° C.; 0-4% of an additional binder having a glass transition temperature greater than 25° C.; 5-50% alumina; 0-4% of a temporary additive different from the first binder and the additional binder, the total content of the first binder, the additional binder and the temporary additive being less than 9%; less than 2% impurities; and ZrO2 to make up 100%. According to the invention, the median diameter D50 of the powder is between 80 and 130 μm, the percentile D99.5 is less than 500 μm and the relative density of the granules is between 30% and 60%.

The present invention relates to a catalyst composition for oligomerization of ethylene, comprising a chromium compound; a ligand of the general structure R1R2P—N(R3)—P(R4)—N(R5)—H, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently selected from halogen, amino, trimethylsilyl, C1-C10-alkyl, aryl and substituted aryl; a modifier containing organic or inorganic halide; and an activator or co-catalyst; and a process for oligomerization utilizing that catalyst.

A lubricating oil composition for an internal combustion engine contains: a base oil including a component (A) of a polyalphaolefin having a kinematic viscosity at 100 degrees C. of 5.5 mm2/s or less, a CCS viscosity at −35 degrees C. of 3000 mPa·s or less and a NOACK of 12 mass % or less and a component (B) of a mineral oil having a viscosity index of 120 or more; and polyisobutylene having a mass average molecular weight of 500,000 or more. A content of the composition (A) is 25 mass % or more of a total amount of a lubricating oil.

A lubricating oil composition for an internal combustion engine contains a component (A) of a polyalphaolefin having a kinematic viscosity at 100 degrees C. of 5.5 mm2/s or less, a CCS viscosity at −35 degrees C. of 3000 mPA·s or less and a NOACK of 12 mass % or less, and a component (B) of a mineral oil having a viscosity index of 120 or more. The component (A) is contained at a content of 10 mass % or more of a total amount of the composition.

Disclosed is a method for producing p-xylene and/or p-tolualdehyde with high yield through a short process using biomass resource-derived substances as raw materials. The method for producing p-xylene and/or p-tolualdehyde of the present invention comprises: a cyclization step of producing 4-methyl-3-cyclohexenecarboxaldehyde from isoprene and acrolein; and an aromatization step of producing p-xylene and/or p-tolualdehyde from 4-methyl-3-cyclohexenecarboxaldehyde by gas-phase flow reaction using a catalyst(s).

A method for preparing fuel components from crude tall oil. Feedstock containing tall oil including unsaturated fatty acids is introduced to a catalytic hydrodeoxygenation to convert unsaturated fatty acids, rosin acids and sterols to fuel components. Crude tall oil is purified in a purification by washing the crude tall oil with washing liquid and separating the purified crude tall oil from the washing liquid. The purified crude tall oil is introduced directly to the catalytic hydrodeoxygenation as a purified crude tall oil feedstock. An additional feedstock may be supplied to the catalytic hydrodeoxygenation.

A process is presented for the increasing the yields of aromatics from reforming a hydrocarbon feedstream. The process includes splitting a naphtha feedstream into a light hydrocarbon stream, and a heavier stream having a relatively rich concentration of naphthenes. The heavy stream is reformed to convert the naphthenes to aromatics and the resulting product stream is further reformed with the light hydrocarbon stream to increase the aromatics yields. The catalyst is passed through the reactors in a sequential manner.

A method for controlling 2-isomer content in linear alkylbenzene obtained by alkylating benzene with olefins and catalyst used in the method.

A catalyst comprising an aluminosilicate zeolite having an MOR framework type, an acidic MFI molecular sieve component having a Si/Al2 molar ratio of less than 80, a metal component comprising one or more elements selected from groups VIB, VIIB, VIII, and IVA, an inorganic oxide binder, and a fluoride component.

A process according to various approaches includes flushing an intermediate transfer line between a raffinate stream transfer line and a desorbent stream transfer line away from the adsorptive separation chamber to remove residual fluid including desorbent from intermediate transfer line. The process may include directing the residual fluid flushed from the intermediate transfer line to a recycle stream to introduce the residual fluid into the adsorptive separation chamber.

Disclosed is a process for biomass conversion which includes co-processing the biomass with thermoplastic and non-thermoplastic polymer based materials in a catalytic pyrolysis reactor to convert such to liquid hydrocarbons; wherein hydrogen atoms originating with the polymer materials can remove oxygen from oxygenated hydrocarbons produced in the conversion of the biomass in the reactor.

A process for the double-bond isomerization of olefins is disclosed. The process may include contacting a fluid stream comprising olefins with a fixed bed comprising an activated basic metal oxide isomerization catalyst to convert at least a portion of the olefin to its isomer. The isomerization catalysts disclosed herein may have a reduced cycle to cycle deactivation as compared to conventional catalysts, thus maintaining higher activity over the complete catalyst life cycle.

Embodiments of methods and apparatuses for isomerization of paraffins are provided. In one example, a method comprises the steps of separating an isomerization effluent into a product stream that comprises branched paraffins and a stabilizer vapor stream that comprises HCl, H2, and C6-hydrocarbons. C6-hydrocarbons are removed from the stabilizer overhead vapor stream to form a HCl and H2-rich stream. An isomerization catalyst is activated using at least a portion of the HCl and H2-rich stream to form a chloride-promoted isomerization catalyst. A paraffin feed stream is contacted with the chloride-promoted isomerization catalyst in the presence of hydrogen for isomerization of the paraffins.

A perpendicular spin-transfer torque magnetic random access memory (STTMRAM) element includes a fixed layer having a magnetization that is substantially fixed in one direction and a barrier layer formed on top of the fixed layer and a free layer. The free layer has a number of alternating laminates, each laminate being made of a magnetic layer and an insulating layer. The magnetic layer is switchable and formed on top of the barrier layer. The free layer is capable of switching its magnetization to a parallel or an anti-parallel state relative to the magnetization of the fixed layer during a write operation when bidirectional electric current is applied across the STTMRAM element. Magnetic layers of the laminates are ferromagnetically coupled to switch together as a single domain during the write operation and the magnetization of the fixed and free layers and the magnetic layers of the laminates have perpendicular anisotropy.

Copper(II) acetate, zinc(II) acetate, and tin(IV) acetate are weighed so that the total amount of metal ions is 2.0×10−4 mol and the molar ratio of ions is Cu:Zn:Sn=2:1:1, and 2.0 cm3 of oleylamine is added to prepare a mixed solution. Apart from this, 1.0 cm3 of oleylamine is added to 2.0×10−4 mol of sulfur powder to prepare a mixed solution. These mixed solutions are separately heated at 60° C. and mixed at room temperature. The pressure in a test tube is reduced, followed by nitrogen filling. The test tube is heated at 240° C. for 30 minutes and then allowed to stand until room temperature. The resultant product is separated into a supernatant and precipitates by centrifugal separation. The separated supernatant is filtered, methanol is added to produce precipitates. The precipitates are dissolved by adding chloroform to prepare a semiconductor nanoparticle solution.

A method for analysis of an object dyed with fluorescent coloring agents. Separately fluorescing visible molecules or nanoparticles are periodically formed in different object parts, the laser produces the oscillation thereof which is sufficient for recording the non-overlapping images of the molecules or nanoparticles and for decoloring already recorded fluorescent molecules, wherein tens of thousands of pictures of recorded individual molecule or nanoparticle images, in the form of stains having a diameter on the order of a fluorescent light wavelength multiplied by a microscope amplification, are processed by a computer for searching the coordinates of the stain centers and building the object image according to millions of calculated stain center co-ordinates corresponding to the co-ordinates of the individual fluorescent molecules or nanoparticles. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional images are provided for proteins, nucleic acids and lipids with different coloring agents.