Algeria recorded a trade deficit of 2740 USD Million in the first quarter of 2019. Balance of Trade in Algeria averaged 1820.71 USD Million from 1992 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 34060 USD Million in the second quarter of 2006 and a record low of -2740 USD Million in the first quarter of 2019. The Algerian economy is highly dependent on petroleum and natural gas exports. Hydrocarbons account for over 95% of export earnings. Algeria main exports partners are United States, Italy, Spain, France and Canada. Algeria imports mainly capital goods, foodstuffs and consumer goods. Its main import partners are: France, China, Italy, Spain and Germany. This page provides - Algeria Balance of Trade - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Bulgaria recorded a trade deficit of 421.40 BGN Million in February of 2020. Balance of Trade in Bulgaria averaged -666.92 BGN Million from 2000 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 98.50 BGN Million in July of 2017 and a record low of -2106.20 BGN Million in October of 2008. Bulgaria exports mostly fuels, manufactured goods (clothing, footwear), machinery and transport equipment and chemicals. Bulgaria's main exports partners are Germany,Turkey, Italy, Greece and Romania. Bulgaria imports fuels, machinery and transport equipment, metals, raw materials. Bulgaria's main imports partners are Russia, Germany, Romania and Italy. This page provides - Bulgaria Balance of Trade - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Household Saving Rate in Canada decreased to 3 percent in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 3.20 percent in the third quarter of 2019. Personal Savings in Canada averaged 7.57 percent from 1961 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 21.60 percent in the first quarter of 1982 and a record low of 0.30 percent in the first quarter of 2005. In Canada, personal saving is personal disposable income less personal expenditure on consumer goods and services, less current transfers from persons to corporations and to non-residents as a percent of disposable income. This page provides - Canada Personal Savings - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Canada scored 77 points out of 100 on the 2019 Corruption Perceptions Index reported by Transparency International. Corruption Index in Canada averaged 86.13 Points from 1995 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 92 Points in 1998 and a record low of 77 Points in 2019. The Corruption Perceptions Index ranks countries and territories based on how corrupt their public sector is perceived to be. A country or territory’s score indicates the perceived level of public sector corruption on a scale of 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean). This page provides the latest reported value for - Canada Corruption Index - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Imports from Madagascar in Germany decreased to 12344 EUR THO in February from 26809 EUR THO in January of 2020. Imports from Madagascar in Germany averaged 9545.06 EUR THO from 2000 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 34289 EUR THO in December of 2016 and a record low of 1526 EUR THO in May of 2006. This page includes a chart with historical data for Germany Imports from Madagascar.

IP Addresses in Gabon increased to 56677 IP in the first quarter of 2017 from 44699 IP in the fourth quarter of 2016. IP Addresses in Gabon averaged 16747.51 IP from 2007 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 56677 IP in the first quarter of 2017 and a record low of 2865 IP in the third quarter of 2007. This page includes a chart with historical data for GabonIP Addresses.

Gabon recorded a trade surplus of 2018.60 CFA Billion in 2018. Balance of Trade in Gabon averaged 1975.78 CFA Billion from 1998 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 3233.90 CFA Billion in 2013 and a record low of 439.16 CFA Billion in 1998. In recent years, Gabon has been recording trade surpluses due to petroleum exports. With virtually no manufacturing industry, Gabon is dependent on imports of consumer goods and capital equipment. Gabon’s main trading partners are: China, United States and European Union. This page provides - Gabon Balance of Trade - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Money Supply M2 in Canada increased to 1855518 CAD Million in March from 1814298 CAD Million in February of 2020. Money Supply M2 in Canada averaged 508090.48 CAD Million from 1968 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1855518 CAD Million in March of 2020 and a record low of 25523 CAD Million in January of 1968. Canada Money Supply M2 includes M1 plus short-term time deposits in banks. This page provides - Canada Money Supply M2 - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Loans to Private Sector in Canada increased to 528209 CAD Million in March from 490678 CAD Million in February of 2020. Loans to Private Sector in Canada averaged 145638.76 CAD Million from 1969 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 528209 CAD Million in March of 2020 and a record low of 10904 CAD Million in January of 1969. This page provides - Canada Loans to Private Sector - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Canada is the 12 least corrupt nation out of 175 countries, according to the 2019 Corruption Perceptions Index reported by Transparency International. Corruption Rank in Canada averaged 8.52 from 1995 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 14 in 2005 and a record low of 5 in 1996. The Corruption Perceptions Index ranks countries and territories based on how corrupt their public sector is perceived to be. A country or territory's rank indicates its position relative to the other countries and territories in the index. This page provides the latest reported value for - Canada Corruption Rank - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Corporate Profits in Canada decreased to 88863 CAD Million in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 91041 CAD Million in the third quarter of 2019. Corporate Profits in Canada averaged 36040.09 CAD Million from 1988 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 97553 CAD Million in the second quarter of 2017 and a record low of -758 CAD Million in the fourth quarter of 1992. This page provides - Canada Corporate Profits - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

IP Addresses in Maldives increased to 24100 IP in the first quarter of 2017 from 22234 IP in the fourth quarter of 2016. IP Addresses in Maldives averaged 17164.90 IP from 2007 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 24100 IP in the first quarter of 2017 and a record low of 1557 IP in the fourth quarter of 2007. This page includes a chart with historical data for MaldivesIP Addresses.

Maldives recorded a trade deficit of 234.30 USD Million in November of 2019. Balance of Trade in Maldives averaged -117.37 USD Million from 2005 until 2019, reaching an all time high of -43.30 USD Million in April of 2005 and a record low of -258.60 USD Million in March of 2018. The Maldives runs consistent trade deficits, as it imports most of what it consumes and has a very small manufacturing base. The Maldives’ main export product is fish (accounting for over 40 percent of total exports). Others include engines and metal scrap. The Maldives mainly imports fuel, aircraft, wood, prefabricated buildings, iron and steel, telecommunication equipment, vegetables and cement. The Maldive’s main trading partners are the United Arab Emirates, Singapore, India, France, Thailand, Malaysia and Sri Lanka. This page provides - Maldives Balance of Trade - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Crude Oil Production in Canada decreased to 4575 BBL/D/1K in January from 4630 BBL/D/1K in December of 2019. Crude Oil Production in Canada averaged 2164.12 BBL/D/1K from 1973 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 4630 BBL/D/1K in December of 2019 and a record low of 955 BBL/D/1K in April of 1982. This page provides the latest reported value for - Canada Crude Oil Production - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

IP Addresses in Afghanistan decreased to 14505 IP in the first quarter of 2017 from 15003 IP in the fourth quarter of 2016. IP Addresses in Afghanistan averaged 10249.72 IP from 2007 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 17245 IP in the second quarter of 2015 and a record low of 3049 IP in the third quarter of 2007. This page includes a chart with historical data for AfghanistanIP Addresses.

Afghanistan recorded a trade deficit of 5131.30 USD Million in 2018. Balance of Trade in Afghanistan averaged -4684.60 USD Million from 2003 until 2018, reaching an all time high of -1660.90 USD Million in 2005 and a record low of -8517.90 USD Million in 2012. Since 2006, Afghanistan´s trade deficit has been widening as imports have surged due to the reconstruction effort. Afghanistan main exports are: carpets and rugs; dried fruits and medical plans. Main imports are: petroleum; machinery and equipment and food items. Afghanistan´s main trading partners are: Pakistan (48 percent of total exports and 14 percent of imports) and Russia (9 percent of exports and 13 percent of imports). Others include: Iran, China, India, Japan and Turkey. This page provides - Afghanistan Balance of Trade - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Industrial Production in Canada decreased 0.79 percent in January of 2020 over the same month in the previous year. Industrial Production in Canada averaged 1.35 percent from 1998 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 10.26 percent in August of 2010 and a record low of -14.52 percent in August of 2009. In Canada, industrial production measures the output of businesses integrated in industrial sector of the economy such as manufacturing, mining, and utilities. This page provides the latest reported value for - Canada Industrial Production - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Employment in Canada decreased by 1993.80 in April of 2020. Employment Change in Canada averaged 12.33 Thousand from 1976 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 99.60 Thousand in November of 2018 and a record low of -1993.80 Thousand in April of 2020. In Canada, employment change refers to the change in the number of persons who work for pay or profit, or perform unpaid family work. Estimates include both full-time and part-time employment. This page provides the latest reported value for - Canada Employment Change - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Industrial Production in Canada increased 0.24 percent in January of 2020 over the previous month. Industrial Production Mom in Canada averaged 0.11 percent from 1997 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 3.33 percent in January of 2002 and a record low of -3.50 percent in December of 2008. In Canada, industrial production measures the output of businesses integrated in industrial sector of the economy such as manufacturing, mining, and utilities. This page provides the latest reported value for - Canada Industrial Production MoM - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Romania recorded a trade deficit of 1.28 EUR Million in February of 2020. Balance of Trade in Romania averaged -666.21 EUR Million from 1992 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 137.60 EUR Million in February of 1996 and a record low of -2542.10 EUR Million in September of 2008. Romania exports mostly machinery and transport equipment, raw materials, and miscellaneous manufactured articles like textiles and footwear. Romania imports machinery and transport equipment, raw materials, chemicals and fuels. More than 70% of exports and imports are with other European Union members with Italy, Germany and France being the most important. This page provides - Romania Balance of Trade - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

GDP From Transport in Canada decreased to 87879 CAD Million in February from 88123 CAD Million in January of 2020. GDP From Transport in Canada averaged 68868.12 CAD Million from 1997 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 89660 CAD Million in May of 2019 and a record low of 51402 CAD Million in January of 1997. This page provides - Canada Gdp From Transport- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

IP Addresses in Madagascar increased to 34386 IP in the first quarter of 2017 from 31727 IP in the fourth quarter of 2016. IP Addresses in Madagascar averaged 18002.21 IP from 2007 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 34386 IP in the first quarter of 2017 and a record low of 3167 IP in the third quarter of 2007. This page includes a chart with historical data for MadagascarIP Addresses.

Temperature in Madagascar increased to 20.40 celsius in August from 19.53 celsius in July of 2013. Temperature in Madagascar averaged 22.75 celsius from 1787 until 2013, reaching an all time high of 26.67 celsius in January of 1998 and a record low of 18.19 celsius in July of 1907. This page includes a chart with historical data for Madagascar Temperature.

Wages High Skilled in Madagascar increased to 829600 MGA/Month in 2018 from 826100 MGA/Month in 2017. Wages High Skilled in Madagascar averaged 794900 MGA/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 829600 MGA/Month in 2018 and a record low of 735300 MGA/Month in 2015. High Skilled Wages refer to highest estimate of wage of workers doing high-skilled jobs, calculated from sample of wages collected by WageIndicator surveys.

Military Expenditure in Madagascar increased to 72.90 USD Million in 2018 from 66.90 USD Million in 2017. Military Expenditure in Madagascar averaged 76.32 USD Million from 1964 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 133 USD Million in 1979 and a record low of 42.80 USD Million in 1964.

Madagascar recorded a Current Account deficit of 2 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2018. Current Account to GDP in Madagascar averaged -6.96 percent from 1974 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 0.60 percent in 2016 and a record low of -21.10 percent in 2009. The Current account balance as a percent of GDP provides an indication on the level of international competitiveness of a country. Usually, countries recording a strong current account surplus have an economy heavily dependent on exports revenues, with high savings ratings but weak domestic demand. On the other hand, countries recording a current account deficit have strong imports, a low saving rates and high personal consumption rates as a percentage of disposable incomes. This page provides - Madagascar Current Account to GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Madagascar recorded a Current Account deficit of 42.50 DTS Million in the third quarter of 2019. Current Account in Madagascar averaged -163.42 DTS Million from 1974 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 169.10 DTS Million in the fourth quarter of 2016 and a record low of -572.90 DTS Million in the fourth quarter of 2007. Current Account is the sum of the balance of trade (exports minus imports of goods and services), net factor income (such as interest and dividends) and net transfer payments (such as foreign aid). This page provides the latest reported value for - Madagascar Current Account - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Industrial Production in Madagascar increased 0.80 percent in the fourth quarter of 2016 over the same quarter in the previous year. Industrial Production in Madagascar averaged 0.90 Percentage from 2011 until 2016, reaching an all time high of 13.30 Percentage in the fourth quarter of 2013 and a record low of -15.23 Percentage in the second quarter of 2012. This page provides - Madagascar Industrial Production- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Foreign Direct Investment in Madagascar increased by 1251.50 MGA Billion in 2013. Foreign Direct Investment in Madagascar averaged 2188.86 MGA Billion from 2000 until 2013, reaching an all time high of 7716.70 MGA Billion in 2009 and a record low of 530.60 MGA Billion in 2005. This page provides - Madagascar Foreign Direct Investment- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Madagascar scored 24 points out of 100 on the 2019 Corruption Perceptions Index reported by Transparency International. Corruption Index in Madagascar averaged 27.78 Points from 2002 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 34 Points in 2008 and a record low of 17 Points in 2002. The Corruption Perceptions Index ranks countries and territories based on how corrupt their public sector is perceived to be. A country or territory’s score indicates the perceived level of public sector corruption on a scale of 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean). This page provides the latest reported value for - Madagascar Corruption Index - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Madagascar is the 158 least corrupt nation out of 175 countries, according to the 2019 Corruption Perceptions Index reported by Transparency International. Corruption Rank in Madagascar averaged 114.50 from 2002 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 158 in 2019 and a record low of 82 in 2004. The Corruption Perceptions Index ranks countries and territories based on how corrupt their public sector is perceived to be. A country or territory's rank indicates its position relative to the other countries and territories in the index. This page provides the latest reported value for - Madagascar Corruption Rank - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Exports in Madagascar increased to 917819 million MGA in December from 867920 million MGA in November of 2019. Exports in Madagascar averaged 447812.52 million MGA from 2008 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 1081927 million MGA in December of 2018 and a record low of 51994 million MGA in June of 2016. Madagascar’s political crisis brought a shift in the country’s export sheet. Previously a net exporter of apparel, Madagascar exports are now essentially agricultural and mineral. Main exports are: graphite, chromite, shrimp, coffee, vanilla and sugar. Madagascar main export partners are: China, France, Indonesia and United States. This page provides - Madagascar Exports - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Imports in Madagascar decreased to 1112069 million MGA in December from 1191435 million MGA in November of 2019. Imports in Madagascar averaged 706893.22 million MGA from 2008 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 1386304 million MGA in October of 2018 and a record low of 253874 million MGA in October of 2011. Madagascar main imports are: fuel (27 percent of total imports), capital equipment (20 percent) and foodstuffs. Madagascar main import partners are: France, China, South Africa and Singapore. This page provides - Madagascar Imports - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Madagascar recorded a trade deficit of 194250 million MGA in December of 2019. Balance of Trade in Madagascar averaged -259072.01 million MGA from 2008 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 177517 million MGA in December of 2018 and a record low of -772177 million MGA in June of 2016. Madagascar’s systemic trade deficit is due to the country’s dependency on the imports of fuel and capital equipment. Madagascar is a net exporter of graphite, coffee and vanilla. Main trading partners are: France, China and Indonesia. This page provides - Madagascar Balance of Trade - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Unemployment Rate in Madagascar decreased to 1.60 percent in 2019 from 1.70 percent in 2018. Unemployment Rate in Madagascar averaged 3.73 percent from 1991 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 5.80 percent in 1992 and a record low of 0.60 percent in 2012. In Madagascar, the unemployment rate measures the number of people actively looking for a job as a percentage of the labour force. This page provides - Madagascar Unemployment Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Electricity Production in Madagascar increased to 159.27 Gigawatt-hour in December from 153.25 Gigawatt-hour in November of 2019. Electricity Production in Madagascar averaged 135.96 Gigawatt-hour from 2012 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 164.58 Gigawatt-hour in July of 2019 and a record low of 106.39 Gigawatt-hour in February of 2013. This page provides - Madagascar Electricity Production- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The inflation rate in Madagascar was recorded at 4 percent in December of 2019. Inflation Rate in Madagascar averaged 8.86 percent from 1997 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 30.40 percent in February of 2005 and a record low of -8.50 percent in June of 2003. In Madagascar, the inflation rate measures a broad rise or fall in prices that consumers pay for a standard basket of goods. This page provides the latest reported value for - Madagascar Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The Consumer Price Index in Madagascar increased 0.60 percent in December of 2019 over the previous month. Inflation Rate Mom in Madagascar averaged 0.68 percent from 2001 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 7.90 percent in March of 2002 and a record low of -3.80 percent in July of 2002. Inflation Rate MoM measures month over month change in the price of goods and services. This page provides - Madagascar Inflation Rate MoM- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Cost of food in Madagascar increased 3.20 percent in December of 2019 over the same month in the previous year. Food Inflation in Madagascar averaged 9.50 percent from 2002 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 50.84 percent in February of 2005 and a record low of -10.27 percent in June of 2003. This page provides the latest reported value for - Madagascar Food Inflation - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Madagascar was worth 12.80 billion US dollars in 2019, according to official data from the World Bank and projections from Trading Economics. The GDP value of Madagascar represents 0.01 percent of the world economy. GDP in Madagascar averaged 4.29 USD Billion from 1960 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 12.80 USD Billion in 2019 and a record low of 0.67 USD Billion in 1960. The gross domestic product (GDP) measures of national income and output for a given country's economy. The gross domestic product (GDP) is equal to the total expenditures for all final goods and services produced within the country in a stipulated period of time. This page provides the latest reported value for - Madagascar GDP - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The total population in Madagascar was estimated at 26.9 million people in 2019, according to the latest census figures and projections from Trading Economics. Looking back, in the year of 1960, Madagascar had a population of 5.1 million people. The population of Madagascar represents 0.31 percent of the world´s total population which arguably means that one person in every 327 people on the planet is a resident of Madagascar. This page provides the latest reported value for - Madagascar Population - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The transportation sub-index of the CPI basket in Madagascar increased to 118 points in March of 2020 from 117.60 points in February of 2020. CPI Transportation in Madagascar averaged 213.28 points from 2001 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 333.30 points in November of 2015 and a record low of 97 points in March of 2016. This page provides - Madagascar Cpi Transportation- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Cpi Housing Utilities in Madagascar increased to 133.40 points in March from 132.30 points in February of 2020. Cpi Housing Utilities in Madagascar averaged 234.91 points from 2001 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 487.40 points in December of 2015 and a record low of 97.20 points in January of 2016. This page provides - Madagascar Cpi Housing Utilities- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

In general, a credit rating is used by sovereign wealth funds, pension funds and other investors to gauge the credit worthiness of Madagascar thus having a big impact on the country's borrowing costs. This page includes the government debt credit rating for Madagascar as reported by major credit rating agencies.

Madagascar recorded 193 Coronavirus Cases since the epidemic began, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Madagascar did not report any Coronavirus Deaths so far. This page includes a chart with historical data for Madagascar Coronavirus Cases.

Madagascar did not report any Coronavirus Deaths so far, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). This page includes a chart with historical data for Madagascar Coronavirus Deaths.

Madagascar recorded 101 Coronavirus Recovered since the epidemic began, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Madagascar did not report any Coronavirus Deaths so far. This page includes a chart with historical data for Madagascar Coronavirus Recovered.

Business Confidence in Canada decreased to 22.80 points in April from 26 points in March of 2020. Business Confidence in Canada averaged 56.70 points from 1999 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 75 points in May of 2006 and a record low of 22.80 points in April of 2020. The Ivey Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) is an economic index which measures the month to month variation in economic activity as indicated by a panel of purchasing managers from across Canada, and is prepared by the Ivey Business School at Western University. The PMI includes both the public and private sectors and is based on month end data Ivey PMI panel members indicate whether their organizations activity is higher than, the same as, or lower than the previous month across the following five categories: purchases, employment, inventories, supplier deliveries and prices.A headline value above 50 indicates an increase in purchases from the previous month and a value below 50 indicates a decrease. This page provides the latest reported value for - Canada Business Confidence - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

IP Addresses in Namibia decreased to 170593 IP in the first quarter of 2017 from 204126 IP in the fourth quarter of 2016. IP Addresses in Namibia averaged 128198.05 IP from 2007 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 256315 IP in the third quarter of 2015 and a record low of 5097 IP in the third quarter of 2007. This page includes a chart with historical data for NamibiaIP Addresses.

Canada 10Y Bond Yield was 0.58 percent on Friday May 8, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Historically, the Canada Government Bond 10Y reached an all time high of 12.44 in March of 1985. Generally, a government bond is issued by a national government and is denominated in the country`s own currency. Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as sovereign bonds. The yield required by investors to loan funds to governments reflects inflation expectations and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid.