Is there a single surge mechanism? Contrasts in dynamics between glacier surges in Svalbard and other regions Murray, Tavi; Strozzi, Tazio; Luckman, Adrian; Jiskoot, Hester; Christakos, Panos During the 1990s, Monacobreen, a 40-km-long tidewater glacier in Svalbard, underwent a major surge. We mapped the surge dynamics using ERS synthetic aperture radar images, differential dual-azimuth interferometry and intensity correlation tracking. A series of 11 three-dimensional (3-D) velocity maps covering the period 1991–1997 show a months-long initiation and years-long termination to the surge, with no indication of a surge front travelling downglacier. During the surge, the front of the glacier advanced 2 km, the velocity and derived strain rate increased by more than an order of magnitude, and maximum ice flow rates measured during 1994 were 5md 1. The spatial pattern of both velocity and strain rate was remarkably consistent and must therefore be controlled by spatially fixed processes operating at the glacier bed. We combine these results with those published in the literature to construct a typical Svalbard glacier surge cycle and compare this to surge dynamics of glaciers from other cluster regions, especially those of Variegated Glacier in Alaska. The strong contrast in dynamics suggests that there exist at least two distinct surge mechanisms. Sherpa Romeo green journal. Permission to archive final published version.

Late surge glacial conditions on Bakaninbreen, Svalbard, and implications for surge termination Smith, A. M.; Murray, Tavi; Davison, B. M.; Clough, A. F.; Woodward, J.; Jiskoot, Hester Bakaninbreen is a polythermal glacier in southern Spitsbergen, Svalbard, that last surged between 1985 and 1995. Seismic reflection data were acquired during early quiescence in spring 1998, just upstream of the surge front. The results were combined with complementary ground-penetrating radar data to investigate the glacial structure and basal conditions. We find no difference between the ice thickness values determined from the seismic and radar methods, suggesting that any layer of basal ice cannot be greater than 5 m thick. Interpretation of the amplitude of the seismic reflections indicates the presence of permafrost close to the glacier base. A thin layer of thawed deforming sediment separates the glacier from this underlying permafrost. In an area just upstream of the surge front the permafrost becomes discontinuous and may even be absent, the ice being underlain by 10–15 m of thawed sediments overlying deeper bedrock. Highpressure water is believed to have been required to maintain the propagation of the surge, and this area of thawed sediment is interpreted as a route for that water to escape from the basal system. When the surge front passed over this thawed bed, the escaping water reduced the pressure in the subglacial hydraulic system, initiating the termination of the surge. Surge termination was therefore primarily controlled by the presurge permafrost distribution beneath the glacier, rather than any feature of the surge itself. This termination mechanism is probably limited to surges in polythermal glaciers, but the techniques used may have wider glaciological applications. Sherpa Romeo green journal. Permission to archive final published version

Glacier surge propagation by thermal evolution at the bed Murray, Tavi; Stuart, Graham W.; Miller, Paul J.; Woodward, John; Smith, Andrew M.; Porter, Philip R.; Jiskoot, Hester Bakaninbreen, southern Svalbard, began a prolonged surge during 1985. In 1986, an internal reflecting horizon on radio echo sounding data was interpreted to show that the position of the surge front coincided with a transition between areas of warm (unfrozen) and cold (frozen) bed. Ground-penetrating radar lines run in 1996 and 1998 during early quiescence show that the basal region of the glacier is characterized by a strong reflection, interpreted as the top of a thick layer of sediment-rich basal ice. Down glacier of the present surge front, features imaged beneath the basal reflection are interpreted as the bottom of the basal ice layer, the base of a permafrost layer, and local ice lenses. This indicates that this region of the bed is cold. Up glacier of the surge front, a scattering zone above the basal reflection is interpreted as warm ice. There is no evidence for this warm zone down glacier of the surge front, nor do we see basal permafrost up glacier of it. Thus, as in early surge phase, the location of the surge front is now at the transition between warm and cold ice at the glacier bed. We suggest that the propagation of the front is associated with this basal thermal transition throughout the surge. Because propagation of the front occurs rapidly and generates only limited heat, basal motion during fast flow must have been restricted to a thin layer at the bed and occurred by sliding or deformation localized at the ice-bed interface. Sherpa Romeo green journal. Permission to archive final published version.

Multiple tropical Andean glaciations during a period of late Pliocene warmth Roberts, Nicholas J.; Barendregt, René W.; Clague, John J. The extent and behaviour of glaciers during the mid-Piacenzian warm period illustrate the sensitivity of the cryosphere to atmospheric CO2 concentrations above pre-industrial levels. Knowledge of glaciation during this period is restricted to globally or regionally averaged records from marine sediments and to sparse terrestrial glacial deposits in mid-to-high latitudes. Here we expand the Pliocene glacial record to the tropics by reporting recurrent large-scale glaciation in the Bolivian Andes based on stratigraphic and paleomagnetic analysis of a 95-m sequence of glacial sediments underlying the 2.74-Ma Chijini Tuff. Paleosols and polarity reversals separate eight glacial diamictons, which we link to cold periods in the benthic oxygen isotope record. The glaciations appear to coincide with the earliest glacial activity at high northern latitudes and with events in Antarctica, including the strong M2 cold peak and terminal Pliocene climate deterioration. This concordance suggests inter-hemispheric climate linkages during the late Pliocene and requires that the Central Andes were at least as high in the late Pliocene as today. Our record fills a critical gap in knowledge of Earth systems during the globally warm mid-Piacenzian and suggests a possible driver of faunal migration preceding the large-scale biotic interchange in the Americas during the earliest Pleistocene. Sherpa Romeo green journal. Open access article. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC by 4.0) applies

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Repo rate now stands at 5.15%, lowest in nine years. A sixth cut this year would mark the longest streak of consecutive rate cuts since the current interest rate framework was introduced 20 years ago

Mamata Banerjee quoted the lyrics of one of Tagore’s songs.

Trinamool Congress calls it a "bundle of lies"

Around 500 vendors were shifted to a field from the market overnight as a measure to control the spread of COVID-19.

TMC leader Abhishek Banerjee said Mr. Shah was talking about the “very people who have been left to fate” by the Centre

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Title: Globalizing IR theory [electronic resource] : critical engagement / edited by Yaqing Qin.
Imprint: Abingdon, Oxon New York, NY : Routledge, 2020.";"©2020
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Subjects: International relations -- Philosophy.
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Title: The Routledge handbook of collective responsibility [electronic resource] / Saba Bazargan-Forward.
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Title: History of education policymaking in India, 1947-2016 [electronic resource] / R.V. Vaidyanatha Ayyar.
Author: Ayyar, R. V. Vaidyanatha, author.
Imprint: New Delhi : Oxford University Press, 2018.
Shelfmark: Oxford Scholarship Online
Subjects: Education and state -- India -- History -- 20th century.
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India -- Politics and government -- 1947-
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Title: System, order, and international law [electronic resource] : the early history of international legal thought from Machiavelli to Hegel / edited by Stefan Kadelbach, Thomas Kleinlein and David Roth-Isigkeit.
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Title: ISIS reader [electronic resource] : milestone texts of the Islamic State movement / Haroro J. Ingram, Craig Whiteside, Charlie Winter.
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Title: Competing responsibilities [electronic resource] : the politics and ethics of contemporary life / Susanna Trnka and Catherine Trundle, eds.
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RALEIGH, NC — The 2018 CounselLink® Enterprise Legal Management Trends Report is now available. Now in its sixth edition, the Trends Report pulled from an even larger stream of data this year. Derived from a detailed analysis of invoices processed through the CounselLink Enterprise Legal Management (ELM) solution, this resource has allowed law departments to gain an understanding of current legal metrics trends and benchmark their performance against other organizations.

NEW YORK, NY – LexisNexis®, a leading global provider of information and analytics, today announced that it was recognized throughout 2017 and into 2018 as the Best Online Public Records Research Provider by various prestigious ALM publications in their annual “Best of” awards for legal technology.

HOUSTON AND NEW YORK – LexisNexis Legal & Professional, a leading global provider of information and analytics, and CloudNine, a leader in simplifying and automating legal discovery, today announced the sale of the LexisNexis eDiscovery product suite to CloudNine. Simultaneously, CloudNine announced a significant investment from an affiliate of Peak Rock Capital. The sale includes the LAW PreDiscovery, Early Discovery Analyzer (EDA) and Concordance products.

NEW YORK – LexisNexis® Legal & Professional, a leading global provider of content and technology solutions, today announced that it has been recognized by The National Law Journal and Corporate Counsel in their annual “Best of” awards for legal technology in 2018. The Corporate Counsel and The National Law Journal Best of awards are chosen by the publications’ readers and by working professionals in the legal industry.

NEW YORK – LexisNexis®, a leading global provider of information and analytics, has announced the release of a new mobile timekeeping application, Time Matters® Go, for its Time Matters case, client and document management software.

NEW YORK - LexisNexis® Legal & Professional, a leading global provider of information and analytics, today announced the launch of a new data visualization technology, Ravel View, into its flagship Lexis Advance online legal research platform. Ravel View transforms traditional case law search lists into a map of the cases and language that judges find most important. As a result, users can understand the legal landscape faster and uncover cases they may have overlooked in reviewing traditional search results.

RALEIGH - LexisNexis® Legal & Professional today announced the launch of Lexis Analytics, a comprehensive suite of analytics tools that leverages advanced technology, vast stores of legal content and expert curation to give lawyers a decisive competitive advantage in the business and practice of law.

RALEIGH – LexisNexis® InterAction®  today announced the results of its 2018 Law Firm Marketing & Business Development Survey, conducted in partnership with Catapult Growth partners. The survey seeks to understand how marketing and business development leaders, as well as C-suite executives, are adapting to the evolving legal climate in the US and Europe. Specifically, the survey examines the current state of legal marketing and business development, how marketing and business development teams are changing, and which metrics are used to measure the outcomes they achieve.

RALEIGH, NC – LexisNexis® today announced that it is accepting applications for the third cohort of the LexisNexis Legal Tech Accelerator. The program is designed to give start-ups a leg-up in the rapidly expanding legal tech industry. The accelerator leverages LexisNexis deep expertise in legal, technology and start-up domains, and industry-leading market position to advise and incubate program participants.

Raleigh, NC—LexisNexis today announced that six participants were selected in its third Silicon Valley Legal Tech Accelerator program. The program was started to give startups a leg up in the rapidly expanding legal tech industry. In line with the broad LexisNexis vision to transform the way law is practiced, each of the six accelerator participants – Attune Capital Group, Digitory Legal, Disputly, Justis Connection, Procertas and Specifio – is driving innovation in a distinct area of the law.

ROME – LexisNexis® Legal & Professional, a leading global provider of information and analytics, announced that it will be capturing the pulse of the Arab legal community at the 4th Arab Lawyers Forum, where the impact of global trends and regional regulatory reform will be discussed. As a strategic media partner, LexisNexis will interview key speakers and industry leaders drawn from over 300 delegates at the Rome Cavalieri Waldorf Astoria Resort on 5th-6th October. Timed to take place immediately before the International Bar Association (IBA) Annual Conference (7th-12th October) in Rome, the Forum has expanded in scope since it was previously held in Morocco, Egypt and Bahrain.

NEW YORK – Legal news organization Law360, a LexisNexis® company, today announced the launch of Access to Justice Law360, a rule of law-focused coverage section free to the public. Law360 and LexisNexis share a corporate mission to advance the rule of law around the world, and Law360 is uniquely positioned to shed light on emerging issues critical to this work.

RALEIGH, NC – LexisNexis® Legal & Professional today announced the launch of Context, a powerful, A.I.-enhanced solution that delivers insights on judges and expert witnesses to help attorneys best prepare, present and argue their case. Context is a key component of the new Lexis Analytics™ suite of products that gives lawyers greater knowledge through data-driven insights.

NEW YORK, NY – LexisNexis® Legal & Professional today announced the launch of the LexisNexis Rule of Law Foundation, a not-for-profit entity established to further achieve its mission to advance the rule of law around the world. The LexisNexis Rule of Law Foundation will enable leading entities from the legal, judicial, academic, NGO and other sectors to support and implement projects that address one or more of the four rule of law components: equal treatment under the law, transparency of the law, access to legal remedy, and independent judiciaries.

NEW YORK, NY – LexisNexis® Legal & Professional today announced that Context, the first and only case law language analytics solution, won the People’s Choice Award at the inaugural Legaltech Product Innovation Competition held at Legalweek in New York. The competition evaluated the best legal technology products and services over the preceding year according to six judging criteria.

RALEIGH, NC – LexisNexis® Legal & Professional, a leading provider of information and analytics, and OpenCorporates the largest open database of companies in the world, are today announcing a new collaboration which adds OpenCorporates legal entity data to the Nexis® Data as a Service portfolio.

DUBAI – LexisNexis Middle East & North Africa announced the launch of the new Lexis Middle East platform, its online database providing access to case law, legislation and expert commentary in English for Middle East jurisdictions.

RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA – LexisNexis® InterAction®, a leading client relationship management (CRM) solution purpose-built for legal and professional services, today launched InterAction® for Office 365®, an advanced, high-performing application that embeds CRM data into existing workflows across Microsoft® Outlook, Excel and Word. Available for both desktop and subscription versions of Office, this application harnesses the power of a firm’s client relationship data, delivering it at the right time so professionals can update, access and consume client relationship data within their natural workflow at their desk or on the go.

NEW YORK, NEW YORK — LexisNexis® Legal & Professional, part of RELX and a leading global provider of information and analytics, and LEAP Legal Software, have entered into an agreement to form a joint venture to support the growth and development of PCLaw® and Time Matters®, leading Law Firm Practice Management (LFPM) software solutions for small-to-medium sized law firms.

NEW YORK, NEW YORK — LexisNexis® Legal & Professional today announced it won a 2019 Confirmit ACE (Achievement in Customer Excellence) Award in the Voice of the Customer category. This honor recognizes LexisNexis’ commitment and innovative approach to soliciting real-time customer feedback to deliver an exceptional customer experience.

RALEIGH, NC — LexisNexis® CounselLink®, a leading cloud-based enterprise legal management solution for corporate legal departments, today announced the launch of a comprehensive set of new work management tools that allow legal teams to go beyond just managing matters and take a more holistic approach to managing their work. This approach is critical for GCs who need to understand the full scope of work handled by their legal department to provide strategic advice, metrics and information to their business stakeholders. With all information accessible in a single interface, the new work management features help legal departments better manage internal work product and matters, relations with outside counsel and total legal spend, and ultimately drive better decisions. LexisNexis will be demonstrating CounselLink’s new capabilities May 14-16 at CLOC 2019 Vegas Institute. CounselLink’s new work management features enable legal departments to collect, organize, track, audit and report on all the work performed within the department. Departments can:

NEW YORK, NEW YORK -- LexisNexis® Legal & Professional, part of RELX and a leading global provider of information and analytics, and LEAP Legal Software, have closed the transaction forming the PCLaw | Time Matters joint venture, announced on May 8, 2019.

NEW YORK, NY — LexisNexis® Legal & Professional today announced that two of its products – Context and Lexis Advance – were finalists in the 2019 SIIA CODiE Awards, underscoring the company’s commitment to customer-driven product innovation.

Raleigh, NC – LexisNexis today announced that it is accepting applications for the fourth cohort of the LexisNexis Legal Tech Accelerator. The program is designed to give start-ups a leg-up in the rapidly expanding legal tech industry. The accelerator leverages LexisNexis deep expertise in legal, technology and start-up domains, and industry-leading market position to advise and incubate program participants.

NEW YORK, NEW YORK -- LexisNexis® Legal & Professional today announced the launch of Context for Courts, the first expansion of the award-winning contextual case-law analytics solution available through Lexis Advance. Context for Courts delivers deep insights into the rulings and language most cited by more than 5,000 U.S. state and federal courts so litigators can determine how best to argue their case and where to file it for the greatest potential for success. Context is a key component of the Lexis Analytics™ suite of products that gives lawyers greater knowledge through data-driven insights.

NEW YORK, NEW YORK -- LexisNexis® Legal & Professional, part of RELX, announced today that it has entered into an agreement to form a joint venture with Knowable, one of the leaders in enterprise contract intelligence. Knowable was spun off from Axiom Global Inc. in February 2019. Mark Harris and Alec Guettel, Axiom’s co-founders, will lead Knowable as CEO and CFO respectively. Knowable will operate independently, but will benefit from access to LexisNexis’ leading brand, resources, and infrastructure. The partnership will further enable LexisNexis to help customers improve decision-making and achieve better outcomes.

NEW YORK, NEW YORK -- LexisNexis® Legal & Professional, today announced it was named to Fast Company magazine’s inaugural Best Workplaces for Innovators list. The list recognizes 50 top organizations that have committed to empowering employees at all levels to improve processes, create new products or invent new ways of doing business. To compile the list, the magazine partnered with Accenture, which evaluated submissions for the role that innovation played in each company’s culture and operations. Winners were selected by an elite panel of Fast Company editors, renowned business leaders, and notable innovators.