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IT Security Act 2.0

At the end of March, the German Federal Ministry of the Interior, Building and Community (BMI) submitted a draft bill for the "Second Act to Increase the Security of Information Technology Systems (IT Security Act 2.0)" to the vote of the ministries...




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Local Government Briefing Note 39 of 2012: Registered Providers to face longer, more complicated and more expensive claims?

Registered Providers to face longer, more complicated and more expensive claims? The Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012 ("LAPSO") LAPSO received Royal Assent on 1 May 2012 and will come into force on 1 April 2013. It will hav...




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Local Government Briefing Note 5 of 2013 - Equality Act 2010: Technical Guidance on the Public Sector Equality Duty

? Recently, the Equality and Human Rights Commission EHRC published detailed technical guidance for those public sector bodies seeking to comply with the Public Sector Equality Duty (PSED). There is separate guidance for Scotland, England and Wales....




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UK Local Government Pensions speedbrief: Local Government Pension Scheme liabilities on academy conversions

Local Government Pension Scheme liabilities on academy conversionsBackground The treatment of Local Government Pension Scheme (LGPS) liabilities on academy conversions has been presenting significant difficulties for some time, with pension liabilit...




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Privacy and Information Law e-briefing

Freedom of information and the private sector -  the next chapter in transparency by the Coalition Government Extension to Transparency agenda and Freedom of Information In March 2014, Justice Minister Simon Hughes MP stated: “We do inten...




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Care Act 2014

Care Act 2014 The Care Act 2014, which received Royal Assent on 14 May 2014, will impose new obligations on local authorities in respect of the provision of social care. The Care Act 2014 (“the Act”) contains five Parts and eight Schedul...




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Local Government Briefing Note 6 of 2015 - Converting failing schools into Academies - a closer look at the Education and Adoption Bill

Background The Government’s latest proposal in reforming the English schooling system was laid before Parliament last week in the form of the Education and Adoption Bill 2015-16 (“the Bill”). The Bill sets out provisions to conver...




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Speed brief: Contractual interpretation

Supreme Court reinforces the need to interpret clauses by the words used and their "natural meaning" On 10 June 2015, the Supreme Court handed down judgment in the case of Arnold v Britton and others [2015] UKSC 36, which concerned the interpretatio...




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Facility time in the public sector

The Government has reported to have saved some £26 million by "curbing" the activities of union representatives in the civil service. As part of the Government's proposed package of measures to take this further the draft Trade Union Bill (int...




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Retail Speed Brief: ICO issues fine for security breach involving failure to adhere to PCI-DSS

The security of personal information, including customer payment card data and related details, is integral to the functioning of retailers with an online offering, and there are serious consequences in the event of security breaches. Penalties...




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The Consumer Rights Act 2015 – Less Than A Month To Go…

The UK’s new Consumer Rights Act ( the “CRA” ) becomes effective on the 1st October 2015. As we have previously mentioned whilst this consolidates existing UK consumer law it also brings in some significant changes to the laws appl...




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French Competition Authority puts model agencies’ price-fixing practices in the spotlight

On 29 September 2016, the French Competition Authority (l’Autorité de la concurrence - the “Autorité”) imposed a fine of EUR 2.4 million on 37 model agencies and their main trade association, the SYNAM, in relation to...




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Business rates: back to reality (Newbigin v Monk [2017] UKSC 14)

The Supreme Court has overturned the Court of Appeal decision and found in favour of the ratepayer in this much-anticipated business rates case involving the rateability of a property which was undergoing substantial renovation. The ratepayer submit...




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E-commerce: can luxury brands prevent retailers selling via online marketplaces?

On 26 July 2017, the European Court of Justice (“ECJ”) published an opinion issued by Advocate General Nils Wahl (the “AG’s Opinion”) indicating that luxury brands may prevent retailers from selling via online marketpla...




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Shipping and International Trade: what the Insurance Act 2015 means for you

On 12 August this year, the Insurance Act 2015 will introduce the most significant changes to insurance law in 110 years – how will it affect the shipping industry? The Act applies to all insurance policies taken out by businesses which are subject ...




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The impact of foreign limitation law on English shipping cases

The Foreign Limitation Periods Act 1984 (the “Act”) sets out the procedure to be followed when a claim is proceeding in the courts of England and Wales and the laws of any other country apply. Given the international nature of the shipping industry,...




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Passengers’ Rights – Applying the Consumer Rights Act 2015

Following a consultation on the Consumer Rights Act 2015 (the ‘Act’), the Government has confirmed that the way in which transport operators cap their liability to customers to compensate for delays or cancellations to services must be c...




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Rail Passengers’ Rights – Applying the Consumer Rights Act 2015 to the Rail Sector

Following a consultation on the Consumer Rights Act 2015 (the ‘Act’), the Government has confirmed the way in which train operators cap their liability to customers to compensate for delays or cancellations to services must be consistent...




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Are 261/2004 claims redundant? -impact of the Consumer Rights Act 2015

Following the outcome of a Government consultation paper, the full force of the Consumer Rights Act 2015 (CRA) will apply to the aviation sector as from the 1 October 2016. The result could lead to compensation being paid up to the price of the air ...




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UK: The “Fourth Rail Package” – Significance for the UK Rail Industry?

The Fourth Rail Package, which was introduced between June and December 2016, is a set of six items of EU legislation designed to increase the reliability and competitiveness of European railways in accordance with the EU’s liberalisation agen...




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Update: Draft EU Implementing Regulation on access to service facilities and use of rail-related services

Executive Summary The European Commission has consulted on an implementing regulation which will provide additional detail for procedures and criteria to be followed by service facility operators in order to satisfy their obligations under Directive...




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Highways England starts its market and supply chain engagement for two major transport projects under the new PF2 approach

Highways England are moving forward with the A303 Stonehenge project (A303) and the Lower Thames crossing (LTC) and will be starting their market and supply chain engagement in March 2018. These projects are two of the largest in Highway England's R...




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Airlines Face Turbulence Over Compensation Payments Following Supreme Court Decision

Intro / Summary The Supreme Court has refused to grant Emirates permission to appeal the Court of Appeal’s decision in the joint case of Gahan v Emirates and Buckley and ors v Emirates meaning the Court of Appeal’s decision to award comp...




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Pacific Islands Tourism Professional Fellows Program-Fall 2020

The East-West Center's Professional Development Program is pleased to announce that applications are now being accepted for the Fall 2020 Cohort of the Pacific Islands Tourism Professional Fellows Program.




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North Pacific Arctic Conference (NPAC) Fellowship

The North Pacific Arctic Conference (NPAC), co-organized by the East-West Center and the Korea Maritime Institute, is celebrating its 10th anniversary. This innovative conference provides a venue for off-the-record engagement among policymakers/practitioners and scientists/analysts regarding Arctic issues of mutual interest to leading North Pacific Arctic states (Canada, Russia, and the United States) and non-Arctic states (China, Japan, and South Korea).  NPAC aims to provide early identification of key policy issues and improved understanding of major options for addressing these issues in the context of the Arctic Council and elsewhere. All six states are members of the G-20.




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Data Privacy Implications of the use of CCTV Footage in the press

On 16 April 2019, a controversial 16-minute video containing footage of a what is believed to be a taxi journey taken by two Hong Kong celebrities, Andy Hui Chi-on and Jacqueline Wong, was published on the website of a local newspaper. This publicat...




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Shining a light on what “necessity” means for GDPR & tightening up “contract” as a lawful processing ground in the context of “online services”

The European Data Protection Board (EDPB) has published a set of guidelines (in draft) for public consultation. These will be absolutely key to providers of online services, such as social media, e-commerce, internet search engines, communication an...




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The new Swedish Protective Security Act

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UK adopts new EU-driven restrictive measures to deter and respond to external cyber-attacks through financial sanctions

On 17 May 2019, the European Council established a framework and implemented a new sanctions regime which now allows the EU to impose targeted sanctions to “deter and respond to cyber-attacks which constitute an external threat to the EU and i...




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Stepping into the breach - Managing cyber risks with insurance

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ICO issues the long awaited data sharing code of practice for consultation

The ICO has launched a public consultation on its new draft data sharing code of practice. The consultation period ends on 9 September 2019. It is an update of the previous code, to align it with GDPR so as to address transparency, lawful bases for ...




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Article: Pre-ticked boxes aren’t “consent” for cookie placement

CJEU Ruling on Cookies On 1 October 2019, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) gave a preliminary ruling1  on questions referred from the Bundesgerichtshof (Federal Court of Justice in Germany) that:   Consent is not validly ...




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Floodgates open on class actions in data protection

Court of appeal overturns High Court judgment in Lloyd v Google LLC [2019] EWCA Civ 1599 Court of Appeal judgment The Court of Appeal has given the go-ahead for a representative claim to be served on Google LLC in the U.S. for alleged data breaches,...




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ICO in action: Ban on unsolicited marketing calls to members of pension schemes

This speed read follows on from our briefing in November 2018 in which we explained that the government had proposed a change in law to implement a ban specific to pensions related cold calling.  At that time it was estimated that 10.9 million ...




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Update: Advocate General advises that the validity of standard contractual clauses is not affected by complaints made in Schrems II

What do I need to know? On Thursday 19 December, Advocate General Saugmandsgaard Øe published his Opinion in Full Article



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Commencement of the Protection of Personal Information Act – 1 April 2020

President Cyril Ramaphosa has received a request from the Information Regulator Chairperson to declare that the remaining provisions of the Protection of Personal Information Act (POPIA) commence on 1 April 2020. If the President acts on the Informa...




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Further Judicial Recognition of Bitcoin as “Property” Following Ransomware Attack

The Court in AA v Persons Unknown [2019] EWHC 3556 (Comm) (17 January 2020) ordered injunctive relief against unknown persons accused of extorting ransom payments in the form of Bitcoin worth $950,000 from an insurance company, following a cyber-att...




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When does private no longer mean private? Implications of a challenge to the SFC’s accessing of digital devices in an investigation

The Hong Kong Court has recently confirmed the Securities and Futures Commission (“SFC”)’s powers to seize, search and compel access to digital devices rejecting challenges to such powers based on privacy grounds. Data privacy is a...




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Coronavirus - Returning to the office: back to normal? - UK

This week, the Government intends to set out its “road map” to “unlock the economy” and get people back to work. Therefore, in the not too distant future (hopefully sooner rather than later for the majority), businesses will ...




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The EU Court provides guidance on the use of framework agreements by contracting authorities

Case C-216/17, Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e del Mercato – Antiturst, Coopservice Soc. coop. arl In its judgment of 19 December 2018 (the &ldq...




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Case C-260/17, Anodiki Services EPE: interpreting the scope of the “employment contracts” exemption under EU procurement legislation

Case C-260/17, Anodiki Services EPE1: interpreting the scope of the “employment contracts” exemption under EU procurement legislation Introduction The judgment relates to a request for a preliminary ruling made by Greece’s Council ...




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FCA’s Market Study into General Insurance Pricing Practices: Pricing interventions proposed to tackle competition concerns

The FCA has published its interim report in relation to its market study into how general insurance firms charge their customers for home and motor insurance (Interim Report). The FCA has provisionally found that the market is not working well for ...




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The Italian Competition Authority’s enforcement against so called “IBAN discrimination” practices

Introduction The Italian Competition Authority (“ICA”) has recently adopted a harsh approach imposing quite significant fines on those operators who accept direct debit payments only to the extent that their customers are holders of an ...




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The new Italian Law on Class actions and its impact on the current private antitrust enforcement regime in Italy

The Italian legislation on private antitrust enforcement (Legislative Decree no. 3 of 19 January 2017 - Decree) has implemented the EU Directive no. 2014/104. The Decree sets out the rules according to which any natural or legal person who has suffe...




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DOJ further aligns Export Control and Sanctions Enforcement Policy with FCPA enforcement practices

On 13 December 2019, the US Department of Justice (DOJ) announced a revised Export Control and Sanctions Enforcement Policy for Business Organizations (Revised EC/S Policy),1 clarifying its prior guidance on voluntary self-disclosure requirements fo...




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Coronavirus - Impact on International Trade & overview of unilateral protectionist measures

Introduction Following the declaration by the World Health Organisation (WHO) on 30 January of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) in response to the coronavirus crisis (please see our last briefing here), the vi...




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Coronavirus - Impact on International Trade & overview of unilateral protectionist measures

Introduction Following the declaration by the World Health Organisation (WHO) on 30 January of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) in response to the coronavirus crisis (please see our last briefing here), the vi...




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CMA fines pharmaceutical companies for market sharing and information sharing

On 4 March 2020, the Competition and Markets Authority (“CMA”) fined four pharmaceutical companies for breaching competition law through market sharing and the exchange of competitively sensitive information relating to the supply of nor...




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Coronavirus – EU Border Closure impact on International Trade - Global

Border Closure Update In an attempt to stem the virus outbreak in Europe, a number of European Union (EU) and Schengen zone Member States exercised their right to temporarily re-introduced border controls between themselves and other Member States. ...




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Competition Tribunal adopts “structured methodological approach” to penalties

Introducing Hong Kong’s four-step fining framework… On 29 April 2020, Justice Godfrey Lam, President of the Competition Tribunal, handed down judgment in relation to the fines to be imposed on the parties in the W. Hing and Others case....