Circular No. 138/08/2020-GSTCBEC-20/06/04-2020 -GSTGovernment of IndiaMinistry of FinanceDepartment of RevenueCentral Board of Indirect Taxes and CustomsGST Policy W

[To be published in the Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Part II, Section 3, Sub-section (i)] Government of India Ministry of Finance

[To be published in the Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Part II, Section 3, Sub-section (i)] Government of India Ministry of Finance

Mergers and acquisitions-referred to as ‘business combinations’ in IFRS Standards- are often large transactions for the companies involved. These transactions play a central role in the global economy. IFRS 3

How Housing Finance Companies Sanction home loan to Salaried person?

COVID 19: Impact on newspaper industry

UK’s 800,000 school leavers and graduates need jobs and education offers amid turmoil, says thinktank

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Youth unemployment in Britain will reach the 1 million mark over the coming year unless the government provides job guarantees or incentives for school leavers and graduates to stay on in education, a thinktank warns.

The Resolution Foundation (RF) said that in the absence of action an extra 600,000 people under the age of 25 would swell dole queues, with a risk of long-term damage to their career and pay prospects.

Greece’s former finance minister Yanis Varoufakis and Irish economist David McWilliams on the hope for a global new deal

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David McWilliams: I think it is fair to say that capitalism – in the course of this unprecedented crisis – has been suspended. We are not going back to where we were, to business as usual. The state has come back, and this episode will not be forgotten by the electorate. I don’t know where we are going, but one thing seems clear: we are not going back.

Yanis Varoufakis: I like this phrase: capitalism has been suspended. The last time capitalism was suspended in the west was during the second world war, with the advent of the war economy: a command economy that fixed prices. The war economy marked the transcendence of the standard capitalist model.

The fact that Germany is now in the same pile of shit as the rest of us offers a glimmer of hope

My sense is that the period when you could travel, engage, move, we might have reached the end of that open period.

This is an edited version of a conversation that will appear in A Vision for Europe 2020: Nothing But an Alternative, published this month by Eris.

Rolling coverage of the latest economic and financial news, as American companies slash payrolls at an unprecedented rate

• Breaking: US payrolls fall by 20.3m in April
• Worst data on record, by a mile

Earlier:

• UK construction in record slump
• German factory orders plunged 15.6% in March
• Coronavirus – latest updates
  
• See all our coronavirus coverage

5.17pm BST

It’s been another day of dire economic data, as the coronovirus pandemic hits firms across the globe.

Related: Small firms secure £2bn in bounce-back loans in first 24 hours

Related: Coronavirus threatens future of eurozone, Brussels warns

4.51pm BST

After a choppy day’s trading, European stock markets have closed mostly in the red.

The Stoxx 600 index dipped by 0.4%, with America’s surge in unemployment reminding traders that the world economy is entering a steep recession.

4.42pm BST

Back in the UK, troubled department store chain Debenhams is to permanently close five additional sites.

The move puts more than 1,000 jobs at risk. All the stores are in shopping centres owned by property firm Hammerson including The Oracle in Reading and Birmingham’s Bullring.

Related: Debenhams appoints administrators and liquidates Irish chain

4.21pm BST

The Financial Times says America is facing an unemployment crisis of historic proportions, judging by today’s slump in private sector payrolls.

The US private sector shed a record 20m jobs in April as coronavirus lockdowns and the resulting closure of non-essential businesses led to historic unemployment.

Non-farm private employers cut 20.2m jobs last month, according to payroll processor ADP. That compared with economists’ expectations for 20m and easily surpassed the previous record of about 835,000 in February 2009 during the financial crisis.

The report is a harbinger of the government’s April jobs report on Friday and adds to evidence of the pandemic’s widespread economic devastation. The Labor Department’s figures are projected to show a record 21 million decline in total nonfarm payrolls and a jobless rate surging to 16%.

More than 30 million people have applied for jobless benefits in the past six weeks, though not all of them are still unemployed. Another 3 million probably applied in the past week.

In all likelihood, total job losses probably exceed the 23 million new jobs created from the end of the last recession in 2009 until the pandemic took hold in mid-March.

3.53pm BST

The global recession caused by the Covid-19 pandemic has also driven up US oil stockpiles.

US crude oil inventories jumped by nearly 4.6 million barrels in the last week, the Energy Information Administration reports, despite some producers cutting output following the slump in prices.

#OOTT | US DoE Crude Oil Inventories 01-May: 4590K (est 8800K; prev 8991K)
- Distillate: 9518K (est 3000K; prev 5092K)
- Cushing: 2068K (prev 3637K)
- Gasoline: -3158K (est 1000K; prev -3669K)
- Refinery Utilization: 0.90% (est 0.45%; prev 2.00%)

Chart on US petroleum (crude, oil products, SPR) inventories in mb (source: EIA) #OOTT pic.twitter.com/hoz5sIJ5YT

3.31pm BST

Back in the UK, more than 400 oil rig workers have been flown off North Sea oil rigs in recent weeks with suspected Covid-19 symptoms or because they are at high risk of contracting it.

“The industry has been toiling with all the ramifications of social distancing and isolations, as well as how to test and when to test. It has been a pretty turbulent four or five weeks.”

“This apparent reduction is a small move in the right direction but we can’t stress enough the need to remain alert, to continue to follow protocols and to raise any concerns in both on and offshore working environments.”

3.26pm BST

Here’s a good video clip explaining the record fall in US employment:

JUST IN: U.S. private payrolls fell by more than 20.2 million in April, the worst loss in the ADP survey’s history. https://t.co/E37a0IjOc5 pic.twitter.com/FRcGtXXVa6

2.54pm BST

The US stock market appears to be shrugging off the dramatic surge in US unemployment.

The Dow Jones industrial average is up 0.3% in early trading, gaining 76 points to 23,959. Quite a subdued reaction to the news that Twenty Million Americans lost their jobs last month.

“Equity markets seem quite happy about the prospects of factories and shops gearing up for more activity, but confidence, the key ingredient to secure a return to normal, remains elusive. Even though China has now gone weeks without a new case, the COVID19 curves are not flattening everywhere. Indeed, in some US states the trends continue to worsen and there are still lots of unanswered questions about how and why it spreads.

“Fresh outbreaks raise the threat of further lockdowns in some parts of the country. More damaging will be delays in restoring confidence to workers and shoppers that more normal activity is safe.

Bloomberg News’s analysis found that 20 states that have lifted restrictions don’t meet the White House guidelines for reopening.

Many are moving ahead anyway https://t.co/H79gTbdPQx pic.twitter.com/bTwoeW4yGe

2.33pm BST

Uber is also permanently close 180 driver service centres as part of its cost-cutting drive, Bloomberg reports:

Of the more than 450 driver centers Uber operates worldwide, 40% will shut down. The locations, called Greenlight Hubs, are used to sign people up to drive for Uber, teach them how to use the app and address issues that arise on the job. In March, as the virus was spreading in North America, Uber said it was temporarily closing all hubs in the U.S. and Canada.

Dara Khosrowshahi signaled that more “difficult adjustments” would be put forth in the next two weeks. “Days like this are brutal,” he wrote [in an email to employees].

Uber will eliminate 3,700 jobs and permanently close 180 driver service centers, the first in a series of cost-cutting measures https://t.co/PxmZFyaizu

2.23pm BST

Just in: Uber is adding to America’s unemployment misery, by cutting 3,700 jobs in response to the Covid-19 pandemic.

Due to lower trip volumes in its Rides segment and the Company’s current hiring freeze, the Company is reducing its customer support and recruiting teams by approximately 3,700 full-time employee roles.

In connection with these actions, the Company estimates that it will incur approximately $20 million related to severance and other termination benefits.

UBER TO CUT 3,700 EMPLOYEES, ABOUT 14% OF WORKFORCE, AS CORONAVIRUS CAUSES DEMAND TO PLUNGE
(cnbc)

2.18pm BST

Paul Ashworth of Capital Economics fears that America’s jobless rate will hit at least 15% on Friday, when the government publishes April’s Non-Farm Payroll.

He points out that today’s ADP report isn’t completely comparable to NFP:

The ADP counts anyone on the active payroll rather than just people who were paid during the month, which is the official non-farm payroll definition. Within many people put on temporary layoff, that could have created a discrepancy, with those people still on the active payroll, but not counted in the official non-farm payroll figures and also qualifying as unemployed in the other official household survey.

We still estimate that non-farm payrolls fell by 22,500,000, with the unemployment rate rising to somewhere between 15% and 20%.

2.04pm BST

Heather Long of the Washington Post points out that America’s labor market has lost all the job creation gains of the last decade:

A decade of US job gains was wiped out in two months

ADP says 20.2 millions jobs were lost in April. Official government report comes out Friday https://t.co/uoaWRZnmHu

The @ADP private sector payroll report: 20.2mn #jobs losses in April:

- services 16mn job losses with half in leisure & hospitality (8.6mn), followed by #trade and transportation (-3.4mn), other svc (-1.3mn), prof/biz svc (-1.2mn)

- goods -4.2nm with +half in construction pic.twitter.com/11WSR2PM4U

More Detail: pic.twitter.com/DJeMYLL4nj

The level of private sector employment in April @ADP pic.twitter.com/0rd65NzbRT

1.40pm BST

ADP have also provided a sector-by-sector breakdown of the catastrophic job losses across America last month:

Goods producers cut 4.23 million jobs:

1.33pm BST

We’ve had a lot of bad data recently, but April’s US private sector payroll is a real shocker.

At 20.3 million, last month’s job losses obliterate the previous record of around 835,000 jobs lost in February 2009 after the financial crisis.

ADP pic.twitter.com/zP1WYsapfc

Another ominous sign for the April jobs report Friday..

20.2 million private sector jobs were lost in April, according to ADP. Shattered the previous record of 835K in February 2009.

1.24pm BST

Newsflash: More than 20 million Americans lost their jobs at companies across the country last month.

ADP, which processes payrolls for companies across America, has just reported that private sector employment decreased by 20,236,000 jobs from March to April.

Job losses of this scale are unprecedented. The total number of job losses for the month of April alone was more than double the total jobs lost during the Great Recession.

As such, the April NER does not reflect the full impact of COVID-19 on the overall employment situation.

BREAKING:

*U.S. ADP PRIVATE PAYROLLS PLUNGE BY 20.236 MILLION IN APRIL, THE WORST JOB LOSS IN THE HISTORY OF ADP REPORT$DIA $SPY $QQQ $VIX pic.twitter.com/lh8oLbVMeY

1.11pm BST

US car maker General Motors has cheered Wall Street by beating profit expectations, and outlining plans to restart operations later this month.

Net income at the carmaker tumbled in the last quarter to around $300m, down from $2.16bn a year ago.

Considerable planning is under way to restart operations in North America.

Based on conversations and collaboration with unions and government officials, GM is targeting to restart the majority of manufacturing operations on May 18 in the U.S. and Canada under extensive safety measures.”

GM plans to resume production May 18 at 'majority' of N.A. operations https://t.co/2hJgKBg9Sg pic.twitter.com/JGPci4h97c

12.20pm BST

Despite the surge in UK government borrowing, there’s no shortage of willing buyers for British gilts.

Reuters has spotted that the UK borrowed for thirty years at a cheaper rate than ever before:

Britain’s government paid investors an interest rate of under 0.5% to borrow for more than 30 years on Wednesday, the lowest-ever yield at an auction for a conventional British government bond with a maturity of more than 10 years.

Investors bid for 2.6 times the 1.75 billion pounds ($2.17 billion) on offer of the 1.625% 2054 gilt, similar to the last sale of the bond on April 21, and the average successful bidder will receive an annual yield of 0.495%.

12.05pm BST

Overnight, Airbnb has set out plans to make 1,900 staff redundant – around a quarter of its global workforce – as it forecast that its revenues in 2020 will be half the $4.8bn it earned in 2019.

“We don’t know exactly when travel will return. When travel does return, it will look different.”

“People will want options that are closer to home, safer, and more affordable,”

11.13am BST

Both sterling and the euro have fallen, after this morning’s dire PMI surveys.

The pound has shed half a cent against the US dollar to $1.238, its lowest in seven sessions, as traders digested the unprecedented drop in construction activity.

“The euro and sterling are in the firing line this morning, with a host of economic releases highlighting just how dire the economic picture is irrespective on continued gains seen throughout stock markets.

“From a PMI perspective, final readings are typically perceived as a somewhat drab affair as minimal adjustments are made to previous estimates.

10.44am BST

Nearly 70,000 state-backed loans to small UK firms have been granted, totalling over £2bn, in the latest effort to protect Britain’s economy from the pandemic.

The Bounce Back Loan Scheme opened on Monday, and proved popular with struggling companies. Seven large lenders received more than 130,000 applications on Monday, the Treasury reports.

Almost 70k Bounce Back Loans worth £2.1bn approved on the first day.

Millions of pounds have already landed in people’s accounts, supporting those firms through the #coronavirus crisis.

Find out more: https://t.co/cvXhsi3iSu pic.twitter.com/o80UoJjZb1

Bounce Back Loans for small businesses - I'm still getting messages from Barclays customers saying the online application system isn't working for them
This is the 3rd day since launch

There has been a massive demand for the Bounce Back Loan and it is taking longer then expected but I can assure you that is being worked on. You should receive the email at some point today, if not received already. Hope this helps. Thank you. [ASA]

10.35am BST

Europe will experience a recession this year of a depth unmatched since the Great Depression and the UK will be one of the hardest hit, the European Commission has just warned.

Economic forecasts published by the Commission on Wednesday suggest that the UK will experience an 8.3% contraction by the end of the year, with investment down by 14% and a doubling of unemployment.

“While the immediate fallout will be far more severe for the global economy than the financial crisis, the depth of the impact will depend on the evolution of the pandemic, our ability to safely restart economic activity and to rebound thereafter. “This is a symmetric shock: all EU countries are affected and all are expected to have a recession this year.”

Eurozone heading for its worst GDP contraction on record at 7.75% this year according to @EU_Commission forecasts. In order of magnitude for 2020:
-9.7%
-9.5%
-9.4%
-8.2%
-7.9%
-7.9%
-7.4%
-7.2%
-7%
-7%
-6.9%
-6.8%
-6.8%
-6.7%
-6.5%

-6.3%
-5.8%
-5.5%
-5.4%

Non-euro:
-9.1%
-8.3%
-7.2%
-7%
-6.1%
-6%
-5.9%
-4.3%

10.21am BST

Despite this morning’s torrent of bad news, the UK stock market has nudged higher - with the blue-chip FTSE 100 and the smaller FTSE 250 index both up 0.5%.

That’ll please those investors who piled into shares last month, on hopes that the worst of the market slump is over.

Small investors poured into the stock market in April in the hope of picking up bargains, with record inflows into funds according to data provider Calastone.

A net £2.6bn was invested in equity funds in the UK in April, the highest monthly figure on record and six times more than a typical month, it said.

10.13am BST

About 70% of the country’s 10,500 fish and chips shops have reopened as owners find new ways of doing business under lockdown.

10.10am BST

Virgin Money is delaying its company wide rebrand– which will involve snuffing out the Clydesdale and Yorkshire bank names – due to Covid-19.

But the bank’s chief executive insisted the project has not been derailed due bad press linked to Richard Branson’s poorly-received attempts to tap government rescue money to save his Virgin Atlantic airline.

“Effectively we are continuing with the implementation of the our rebranding. We think it’s a great consumer brand and we’re delivering for our customers in a really customer-oriented way, which is in the DNA of that brand. So absolutely no changes to make in terms of that.

And all airlines I think are suffering from the same level of difficulty, so I’m not concerned about that.”

10.05am BST

The Covid-19 lockdown has knocked the wind out of the building industry, warns Duncan Brock of the Chartered Institute of Procurement & Supply.

He fears it will take many years to recover:

“Only a few civil engineering and infrastructure projects were able to continue in April, but a tentative restart is expected in other areas such as house building and commercial construction in the short-term. As new plans from policymakers are developed over social distancing, building work may continue but not as we know it as restrictions and new safety rules are likely to make progress more difficult.

For a sector still not fully recovered from the skills shortages created by the financial crisis in 2008, the vacuum of output created by the pandemic has knocked the sector back another decade.”

9.51am BST

Tim Moore, economics director at IHS Markit, reports that UK builders are (understandably) worried about the future after effectively shutting down in April.

Many are concerned about their cash flow, despite putting many workers on the government’s furloughing scheme.

A drop in construction activity of historic proportions in April looks set to be followed by a gradual reopening of sites in the coming weeks, subject to strict reviews of safety measures.

“However, the prospect of severe disruption across the supply chain will continue over the longer-term and widespread use of the government job retention scheme has been needed to cushion the impact on employment.

9.49am BST

Construction firms reported that new business orders tumbled in April as customers shied away from signing contracts amid the lockdown.

Markit explains:

Construction companies commented on the suspension of contract awards due to business closures among clients, as well as uncertainty about the duration of stoppages on site and feasibility of starting new projects.

9.38am BST

Newsflash: Britain’s construction industry has suffered its worst ever monthly contraction, as builders downed tools to comply with the Covid-19 lockdown.

The UK construction PMI has slumped to just 8.2 for April, down from 39.3 in March, and far (far!) below the 50-point mark showing stagnation.

The vast majority of survey respondents (86%) reported a reduction in business activity since March, reflecting widespread site closures and shutdowns across the supply chain in response to the public health emergency.

9.10am BST

Just in: The eurozone’s private sector shrank at an unprecedented rate last month, led by Spain and Italy.

Data firm Markit’s eurozone composite PMI, which tracks activity across its private sector, has slumped to 13.6 for April, down from 29.7 in March.

“The extent of the euro area economic downturn was laid bare by record downturns in every country surveyed in April, with output falling at unprecedented rates across the region’s manufacturing and services sectors.

With a large part of the region’s economy shut down while COVID-19 infections spiked higher, the economic data for April were inevitably going to be bad, but the scale of the decline is still shocking. The survey data are indicative of GDP falling at a quarterly rate of around 7.5%, far surpassing the worst decline seen in the global financial crisis. Jobs are also being lost at a rate never previously seen.

8.58am BST

Ocado is continuing to profit from the Covid-19 pandemic.

The online grocer has reported a 40% surge in UK revenue so far this quarter, up from 10% growth in the first three months of 2020.

Growth in Retail Revenue in the Second Quarter to date is 40.4% up on last year, compared to 10.3% growth in the First Quarter.

The number of items per basket appears to have passed its peak but remains high, as more normal shopping behaviours have returned, and the share of fresh and chilled products in the mix, relative to ambient, is also returning to normal.

8.49am BST

Ouch! Spain’s service sector has also suffered its worst monthly slump on record, with its PMI sliding to a mere 7.1 in April, from 23 in March.

That shows an “unprecedented” drop in activity.

Spain Markit Services PMI – April Report https://t.co/i5aytgLrSV pic.twitter.com/3J470i7sQb

8.47am BST

India’s service sector is shrinking at an unprecedented rate, due to its Covid-19 lockdown.

The Indian service sector PMI, which measures activity across the sector, has taken an almighty tumble -- dropping to just 5.4 from 49.3 in March. An extraordinary plunge, on an index where 50 points shows stagnation.

India April services PMI 5.4 from 49.3. Talk about locked down!!! pic.twitter.com/mv78wdadBs

Historical comparisons with GDP data suggest that India’s economy contracted at an annual rate of 15% in April.

It is clear that the economic damage of the COVID-19 pandemic has so far been deep and far-reaching in India, but the hope is that the economy has endured the worst and things will begin to improve as lockdown measures are gradually lifted.

India Services PMI: 5.4

Wow. The lowest ever anywhere? That’s worse than I’d have expected in the aftermath of nuclear war.

8.22am BST

ITV has revealed the scale of the impact of the coronavirus, by furloughing 800 staff as advertising slumped 42% last month.

“We are now very focused on emerging from this crisis in a strong position, continuing to offer advertisers effective marketing opportunities and making preparations to restart productions safely.”

8.19am BST

German carmaker BMW has also highlighted the economic cost of Covid-19 this morning.

BMW has reported a 20% tumble in vehicle deliveries in the first quarter of 2020, including a 30% slump in China.

The worldwide spread of coronavirus has left international automobile markets in an extremely weak overall condition after the first three months of the year. Initially, events were dominated by a slump in registrations in China in February and March.

However, all other major automobile markets subsequently reported declines, some of them drastic, especially from March 2020 onwards.

“The decisive factor for the adjustment is that the measures to contain the coronavirus pandemic are lasting longer in several markets and are thus leading to a broader negative impact than was foreseeable in mid-March.

It is therefore apparent that delivery volumes in these markets will not – as was previously assumed - return to normal within a few weeks. The highest negative impact is expected in the second quarter of 2020.”

Carmaker BMW posts 1Q revenues +3.5% to €23.25bn but gross profit -13% to €3.5bn. Deliveries -20% in line with German market, EU demand -25%, China -50%. Operating costs up on higher raw material costs. Cuts FY guidance.https://t.co/t4jZOAAYD4

7.50am BST

Germany’s economy ministry blamed the dramatic fall in orders on the global economic shock of Covid-19, and warned that the situation will worsen.

In a statement, it says:

“It is to be expected that production will decline sharply from March onwards due to corona”

A little bit of context about the -15.6% print of 'Germany Factory Orders MoM' pic.twitter.com/itmSMr07Op

7.46am BST

Demand for heavy-duty German tools, machinery, vehicles and other equipment slumped particularly sharply in March.

Orders for these capital goods fell over 22%, while intermediate goods [used to make something else] fell 7.5%. Consumer goods, though, only dropped 1.3%.

OUCH! #Germany March factory orders fall 15.6% MoM vs -10% MoM expected and biggest slump since the series began. Capital goods orders fall 22.6% MoM, Consumer goods orders fall 1.3% MoM. Basic goods orders fall 7.5% MoM. pic.twitter.com/JtLdNUXyr1

7.34am BST

Good morning, and welcome to our rolling coverage of the world economy, the financial markets, the eurozone and business.

Domestic orders decreased by 14.8% and foreign orders fell by 16.1% in March 2020 on the previous month.

New orders from the euro area went down 17.9%, and new orders from other countries decreased by 15.0% compared with February 2020.

Recessions tend to centre on one part of the economy; coronavirus has hit them all. The road to recovery will be long

• Coronavirus – latest updates
• See all our coronavirus coverage

In a way, Britain should have been the country best prepared for the devastating impact of Covid-19 on the economy, because throughout 2019 barely a day went past without someone popping up to warn of the dangers of a cliff-edge Brexit.

But there are cliff edges and then there’s falling off the cliff, and not even the most pessimistic remainer would have been willing to predict what has happened since the UK went into lockdown at the end of March. While most of the attention has been focused – quite rightly – on the medical emergency, the economy has collapsed.

Threadneedle Street says the economy hasn’t been as bad as this for 300 years – so it can only can get better

• Coronavirus – latest updates
• See all our coronavirus coverage

It’s hard to be all that cheerful when you are bracing yourself for the biggest annual contraction in the economy since before the South Sea Bubble crisis of 1720, but somehow or other the Bank of England has managed to find some nuggets of hope amid all the gloom.

To be sure, the short-term news from Threadneedle Street was as grim as everybody had expected. Having fallen by 3% in the first three months of 2020, activity is projected to drop by a further 25% in the second quarter and by 14% over the calendar year.

Related: Don't expect a snapback for the UK economy after lockdown is lifted | Larry Elliott

One of the two main definitions of recession in the UK is at least two quarters of negative economic growth. Judged by this yardstick, the UK was last in recession in 2008-09, when there were six consecutive quarters of negative growth. 

More than 20m Americans lost their jobs in April – and Friday’s report suggests there might be much more trouble ahead

• Jobs figures: April worst month since Great Depression

Friday was a dark day for the US economy. The labor department announced more than 20 million people lost their jobs in April as the coronavirus shut down much of the economy.

Here are five key takeaways from a report that will enter the history books as the worst since the Great Depression of the 1930s.

This was the #JobsReport everyone was fearing & for good reason: 20M jobs lost. For African Americans unemployment rose to 16.7% & a similar jump for Whites to 14.2%.

This gives a historically low ratio of 1.3. Of course that means it took a pandemic to get these rates closer. pic.twitter.com/XPIG57BpJi

Sometimes it's better to not post anything at all

A teenager bonds awkwardly with her cousin as they take the bus from a rural community to New York so that she can have a termination

The four words in this title are the four possible replies to bureaucratic tick-box questions about the frequency of your various sexual experiences. A young woman here must answer them, before she is allowed to have an abortion. However rigid and blandly routine it seems, the four-part answer grid is cleverly designed to get information about vulnerability: it is so easy instinctively and evasively to deny a difficult question structured as a yes/no, but much harder to check the “never” box, when “rarely”, “sometimes” and “always” are coolly offered as equivalently non-judgmental options.

The lead character in Eliza Hittman’s tough, realist drama is confronted with this central, four-part inquisition about her life in one brilliantly controlled, enigmatic scene. Theoretically, it is just a bit of form-filling that doesn’t appear to promise any real revelation to the audience. Yet it does just that, delivering a penny-drop moment of realisation. Or perhaps it’s more of an ambiguous hint and all the more disquieting for that.

Related: Sleazy bosses, exploited barmaids: US cinema finally discovers the left behinds