sl

Sleep Duration Patterns in Early to Middle Adulthood and Subsequent Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women

OBJECTIVE

To identify sleep duration trajectories from early to middle adulthood and their associations with incident type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Using a group-based modeling approach, we identified sleep duration trajectories based on sleep duration in ages 20–25, 26–35, 36–45, and 46+ years, which were retrospectively assessed in 2009 among 60,068 women from the Nurses’ Health Study II (median age 54.9 years) who were free of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. We investigated the prospective associations between sleep duration trajectories and diabetes risk (2009–2017) using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.

RESULTS

We documented 1,797 incident diabetes cases over a median follow-up of 7.8 years (442,437 person-years). Six sleep duration trajectories were identified: persistent 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-h sleep duration and increased or decreased sleep duration. After multivariable adjustment for diabetes risk factors, compared with the persistent 7-h sleep duration group, the hazard ratio was 1.43 (95% CI 1.10, 1.84) for the 5-h group, 1.17 (1.04, 1.33) for the 6-h group, 0.96 (0.84, 1.10) for the 8-h group, 1.33 (1.09, 1.61) for the increased sleep duration group, and 1.32 (1.10, 1.59) for the decreased sleep duration group. Additional adjustment for time-updated comorbidities and BMI attenuated these associations, although a significantly higher risk remained in the decreased sleep duration group (1.24 [1.03, 1.50]).

CONCLUSIONS

Persistent short sleep duration or changes in sleep duration from early to middle adulthood were associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes in later life. These associations were weaker after obesity and metabolic comorbidities were accounted for.




sl

Obstructive Sleep Apnea, a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular and Microvascular Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Findings From a Population-Based Cohort Study

OBJECTIVE

To determine the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), microvascular complications, and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes who subsequently develop obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) compared with patients with type 2 diabetes without a diagnosis of OSA.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This age-, sex-, BMI-, and diabetes duration–matched cohort study used data from a U.K. primary care database from 1 January 2005 to 17 January 2018. Participants aged ≥16 years with type 2 diabetes were included. Exposed participants were those who developed OSA after their diabetes diagnosis; unexposed participants were those without diagnosed OSA. Outcomes were composite CVD (ischemic heart disease [IHD], stroke/transient ischemic attack [TIA], heart failure [HF]), peripheral vascular disease (PVD), atrial fibrillation (AF), peripheral neuropathy (PN), diabetes-related foot disease (DFD), referable retinopathy, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and all-cause mortality. The same outcomes were explored in patients with preexisting OSA before a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes versus diabetes without diagnosed OSA.

RESULTS

A total of 3,667 exposed participants and 10,450 matched control participants were included. Adjusted hazard ratios for the outcomes were as follows: composite CVD 1.54 (95% CI 1.32, 1.79), IHD 1.55 (1.26, 1.90), HF 1.67 (1.35, 2.06), stroke/TIA 1.57 (1.27, 1.94), PVD 1.10 (0.91, 1.32), AF 1.53 (1.28, 1.83), PN 1.32 (1.14, 1.51), DFD 1.42 (1.16, 1.74), referable retinopathy 0.99 (0.82, 1.21), CKD (stage 3–5) 1.18 (1.02, 1.36), albuminuria 1.11 (1.01, 1.22), and all-cause mortality 1.24 (1.10, 1.40). In the prevalent OSA cohort, the results were similar, but some associations were not observed.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with type 2 diabetes who develop OSA are at increased risk of CVD, AF, PN, DFD, CKD, and all-cause mortality compared with patients without diagnosed OSA. Patients with type 2 diabetes who develop OSA are a high-risk population, and strategies to detect OSA and prevent cardiovascular and microvascular complications should be implemented.




sl

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment, Glycemia, and Diabetes Risk in Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Comorbid Cardiovascular Disease

OBJECTIVE

Despite evidence of a relationship among obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), metabolic dysregulation, and diabetes, it is uncertain whether OSA treatment can improve metabolic parameters. We sought to determine effects of long-term continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on glycemic control and diabetes risk in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and OSA.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Blood, medical history, and personal data were collected in a substudy of 888 participants in the Sleep Apnea Cardiovascular End Points (SAVE) trial in which patients with OSA and stable CVD were randomized to receive CPAP plus usual care, or usual care alone. Serum glucose and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were measured at baseline, 6 months, and 2 and 4 years and incident diabetes diagnoses recorded.

RESULTS

Median follow-up was 4.3 years. In those with preexisting diabetes (n = 274), there was no significant difference between the CPAP and usual care groups in serum glucose, HbA1c, or antidiabetic medications during follow-up. There were also no significant between-group differences in participants with prediabetes (n = 452) or in new diagnoses of diabetes. Interaction testing suggested that women with diabetes did poorly in the usual care group, while their counterparts on CPAP therapy remained stable.

CONCLUSIONS

Among patients with established CVD and OSA, we found no evidence that CPAP therapy over several years affects glycemic control in those with diabetes or prediabetes or diabetes risk over standard-of-care treatment. The potential differential effect according to sex deserves further investigation.




sl

Protecting the DREAM: The Potential Impact of Different Legislative Scenarios for Unauthorized Youth

With the Trump administration having announced the end of the DACA program, Congress is facing growing calls to protect unauthorized immigrants who came to the U.S. as children. This fact sheet examines DREAM Act bills introduced in Congress as of mid-2017, offering estimates of who might earn conditional legal status—and ultimately legal permanent residence—based on educational, professional, and other requirements in the legislation.




sl

Mars' magnetic field emerged earlier and lasted longer than previously thought

Mars' ancient magnetic field emerged earlier and persisted for longer than scientists previously thought, according to a new study.




sl

Disabled flies sleep more as they learn to adapt

New research suggests flies that are unable to fly sleep more as they learn to adapt to their disability.




sl

Africa Deepens its Approach to Migration Governance, But Are Policies Translating to Action?

While migration once was a lower-priority topic for African governments, the last decade has seen a deepening in governance. Policymakers have integrated migration into their national development strategies and mainstreamed it across policy domains such as health and education. The actions are promising on paper, yet questions remain about the extent to which they will translate to more effective migration management.




sl

Side-by-Side Comparison of 2013 Senate Immigration Bill with 2006 and 2007 Senate Legislation

This fact sheet compares key components of immigration reform outlined in the 2013 Senate immigration bill against provisions included in bills considered by the Senate in 2006 and 2007: border security, detention, and enforcement; worksite enforcement; visa reforms; earned legalization of unauthorized immigrants; strengthening the U.S. economy and workforce; and integration of new Americans.




sl

Side-by-Side Comparison of the 2013 Senate Immigration Framework with 2006 and 2007 Senate Legislation

MPI has completed an analysis of the major provisions in the 2013 framework, comparing them to provisions of the legislation the Senate considered in 2006 and 2007. 

This fact sheet is formatted as a chart comparing the framework of comprehensive immigration reform outlined in the 2013 Senate immigration bill against provisions included in bills considered by the Senate in 2006 and 2007.




sl

Hong Kong legislative council breaks out in scuffle

Lawmakers in Hong Kong broke out in a scuffle Friday as they fought over who would take control of a committee.




sl

Watch: Tinsley Mortimer, Scott Kluth planning 'small' wedding

"Real Housewives of New York" star Tinsley Mortimer gave an update on her wedding plans amid the coronavirus pandemic.




sl

[ Singles & Dating ] Open Question : Muslim man looking for relief?

I know it's Ramadan, but I've been feeling urges for a few years now and it's just getting more and more now. I always imagine about sex and loving my to-be wife. Right now, I'm studying medicine, so my parents told me it's too early to get married (24 years old). I just don't know really what to do. I prone masturbate to get some relief. What should I do?




sl

[ Law & Ethics ] Open Question : If a relict population of Neandertals were found to be living in a certain cave, on a certain remote island, or in a certain house on?

Pennsylvania Avenue, would placing some of them in zoos be unethical? Would they be considered human enough to receive human rights?




sl

Under Lockdown Amid COVID-19 Pandemic, Europe Feels the Pinch from Slowed Intra-EU Labor Mobility

Border closures and lockdowns amid the COVID-19 pandemic have put a chill on intra-EU labor mobility, most immediately with the difficulty for European farmers to gain access to much-needed seasonal workers and for health-care institutions to get care workers. This article explores how these workers, who often face difficult situations, may be more vulnerable now. It also takes on implications for intra-EU labor mobility post-pandemic.






sl

SLOW-COOKED QUINCES WITH MANDARIN AND ROSEWATER

Once you've peeled and cored the quinces there's really little work to do to make this gorgeous dessert. They just bubble away happily for a few hours while the sugar and long slow cooking cast their spell, transforming the quinces' hard, ivory-coloured flesh until it's meltingly soft and an incredible deep-rose colour.




sl

Slow-cooked pork shoulder with apples and crackling

This recipe features on Foodie Tuesday, a weekly segment on 774 Drive with Raf Epstein, 3.30PM, courtesy of Justine Schofield. Justine's latest book is "Dinner With Justine".




sl

Zucchini slices

375g zucchini, grated (approx 2 large zucchini) 5 eggs 150g (1 cup) self-raising flour, sifted 1 large onion, finely diced 200g bacon, chopped 1 cup grated cheddar cheese 60ml (1/4 cup) vegetable oil




sl

Caramel slice

Base 1 cup (150g) plain flour 1 cup (150g) plain flour 1/2 cup (40g) desiccated coconut 1/2 cup (90g) brown sugar 125g unsalted butter, melted Filling 1/3 cup (115g) golden syrup 125g unsalted butter 2 x 395g sweetened condensed milk Pinch salt Topping 200g dark chocolate 1 tbs vegetable oil




sl

Luscious lemon slice

Base 180g butter, at room temperature 80g icing sugar 1 tsp vanilla extract 1 egg 225g plain flour Topping 315g castor sugar 4 eggs 2 egg yolks 1 tbs lemon zest 160ml lemon juice 40g plain flour




sl

Flinders island lamb saddle, crushed peppered turnip, fried salt bush

This recipe features on Foodie Tuesday, a weekly segment on 774 Drive with Raf Epstein, 3.30PM, courtesy of David Hall of Pure South Dining





sl

Tash's Passionfruit &Coconut �� Slice

Love this tasty slice with the combo of coconut and the passion fruit what's there not to like?




sl

Williams apologises to Tiger for slur

Tiger Woods says he was hurt by a racist slur from his former caddie Steve Williams, who referred to him as a "black arsehole".




sl

Declutter Your Inbox. Subscribe to Email Newsletters Straight Into Inoreader

You have mail! Inoreader now allows you to subscribe to Email Newsletters just as regular RSS feeds. By creating a…





sl

Why sleep matters now more than ever | Matt Walker

A good night's sleep has perhaps never been more important. Sharing wisdom and debunking myths, sleep scientist Matt Walker discusses the impact of sleep on mind and body -- from unleashing your creative powers to boosting your memory and immune health -- and details practices you can start (and stop) doing tonight to get some rest. (This virtual conversation is part of the TED Connects series, hosted by head of TED Chris Anderson and current affairs curator Whitney Pennington Rodgers. Recorded April 1, 2020)




sl

A new way to "grow" islands and coastlines | Skylar Tibbits

What if we could harness the ocean's movement to protect coastal communities from rising sea levels? Designer and TED Fellow Skylar Tibbits shows how his lab is creating a dynamic, adaptable system of underwater structures that uses energy from ocean waves to accumulate sand and restore eroding shorelines -- working with the forces of nature to build rather than destroy.




sl

SJDM Newsletter is ready for download

SOCIETY FOR JUDGMENT AND DECISION MAKING NEWSLETTER The quarterly Society for Judgment and Decision Making newsletter is available for download from the SJDM site: http://sjdm.org/newsletters/ It features announcements, conferences, jobs, and the 2019 Conference program. See y’all in Montreal (nobody ever says that but the 2019 SJDM meeting will take place in Montreal, November 15-18, […]

The post SJDM Newsletter is ready for download appeared first on Decision Science News.




sl

How visualizing inferential uncertainty can mislead readers about treatment effects in scientific results

STANDARD ERRORS VS STANDARD DEVIATIONS Click to enlarge There’s an ancient haiku that goes: People confuse a well-estimated mean with a certain outcome Ok, that’s not true. But Jake Hofman, Dan Goldstein, and Jessica Hullman have a new paper (recently accepted at CHI 2020) about this. They bet you’ll think the results of their paper […]

The post How visualizing inferential uncertainty can mislead readers about treatment effects in scientific results appeared first on Decision Science News.




sl

How Schools Will Overcome the 'Coronavirus Slide:' Ideas From 5 Superintendents

With many school buildings closed for the rest of the academic year—and more to follow—district leaders turn their attention to making up for what may be deep learning losses.




sl

School Resource Officer Activates Taser to Awaken Sleeping Student in Ohio

Police in northeast Ohio have placed a school resource officer on unpaid leave for activating a Taser to wake up a sleeping student.




sl

How Schools Will Overcome the 'Coronavirus Slide:' Ideas From 5 Superintendents

With many school buildings closed for the rest of the academic year—and more to follow—district leaders turn their attention to making up for what may be deep learning losses.




sl

Audit slams Española Public Schools’ finances




sl

State Legislators Revamp Funding in Texas, Nevada

Several states this year sought to replace their funding formulas, a monumental fiscal and political feat, but only a handful of legislatures have been able to get proposals to their governors' desks.




sl

State Legislators Revamp Funding in Texas, Nevada

Several states this year sought to replace their funding formulas, a monumental fiscal and political feat, but only a handful of legislatures have been able to get proposals to their governors' desks.




sl

How Schools Will Overcome the 'Coronavirus Slide:' Ideas From 5 Superintendents

With many school buildings closed for the rest of the academic year—and more to follow—district leaders turn their attention to making up for what may be deep learning losses.




sl

Civics-Test Bills Hit State Legislatures Again in 2016

A bill in Nebraska would require high school students to take a civics examination before graduating.




sl

Prominent Literacy Expert Denies Dyslexia Exists; Says to 'Shoot' Whoever Wrote Law on It

A group of teachers and literacy advocates are pushing back after Richard Allington, one of the country's most prominent experts on early literacy, made inflammatory claims about dyslexia at a Tennessee literacy conference this week.




sl

Audit slams Española Public Schools’ finances




sl

Dyslexia Is Not a Bad Word, Advocates Say. Schools Should Use It

A push to get dyslexia defined in state law and persuade educators to use the term has translated to new laws in 40 states.




sl

Hawaii Lawmakers Propose Legislation to Create Housing Vouchers for Teachers

Two proposed bills are intended to create a housing-voucher program for full-time teachers employed by the Hawaii education department or at public charter schools.




sl

How Schools Will Overcome the 'Coronavirus Slide:' Ideas From 5 Superintendents

With many school buildings closed for the rest of the academic year—and more to follow—district leaders turn their attention to making up for what may be deep learning losses.




sl

Dealing With Dyslexia: 'It's Almost Like It's a Naughty Word' (Video)

When Scott Gann learned his son Dustin had dyslexia, he was shocked at the school's reaction. No one there wanted to use the word.




sl

Michigan, Rhode Island to Require Education About Genocide in Schools

The two states are the first in 20 years to add such a requirement.




sl

Rhode Island PARCC Scores Lower on Computer-Based Exams

A state-by-state breakdown shows that Colorado, Rhode Island and Illinois found some evidence that students' familiarity with technology impacted scores on 2014-15 PARCC exams. An analysis in Maryland is pending.




sl

Adoption of New Science Standards May Start With Rhode Island

Rhode Island may become the first state to adopt the Next Generation Science Standards.




sl

Science Standards Win OK in First State With Rhode Island Vote

Rhode Island today became the first state in the nation adopt the Next Generation Science Standards.




sl

New Science Standards to Face First State Vote Today, in Rhode Island

Rhode Island may become the first state to adopt the Next Generation Science Standards. The state board will vote later today.