A gas turbine that includes: a combustor coupled to a turbine that define a working fluid flowpath; a compressor discharge cavity; a staged injection system that includes the forward injector and a staged injector; a stator blade positioned extending across the working fluid flowpath between an inboard sidewall and an outboard sidewall. A one-way continuous coolant flowpath that includes: an intake section that comprises an upstream port connected to the compressor discharge cavity and a downstream port formed through one of the inboard and outboard sidewalls; an outtake section that comprises a downstream port connected to the staged injector and an upstream port formed through the same one of the inboard and outboard sidewalls; and a cooling circuit extending through an interior of the airfoil of the stator blade and connecting to the downstream port of the intake section and the upstream port of the outtake section.

A combustor cap module is provided with a retention system to facilitate assembly and disassembly. The combustor cap module further includes a cap face assembly having a cooling plate; a cylindrical sleeve including a connecting surface for attaching the cap face assembly to the retention assembly; and a coupling member mounted in a downstream fuel nozzle opening in the cooling plate. The retention system includes a support plate having an inner panel that defines an upstream fuel nozzle opening. The coupling member extends through the upstream fuel nozzle opening, such that its upstream end extends upstream of the support plate. A retaining ring at least partially encircles the upstream end of the coupling member and is engaged by a spring plate that is removably secured to the support plate at multiple locations. A method for assembling a combustor cap module is also provided.

One embodiment provides a hydraulic pressure generation apparatus. In the hydraulic pressure generation apparatus, a motor attached to a base body. The base body includes: a first cylinder hole having a closed bottom in which a first piston is inserted to thereby form a master cylinder; and a second cylinder hole having a closed bottom in which a second piston is inserted to thereby form a slave cylinder. The first cylinder hole and the second cylinder hole have respective openings in a surface of the base body located on one side thereof. Axial lines of the first cylinder hole, the second cylinder hole and an output shaft of the motor are arranged approximately parallel with each other.

There is provided coal gasification unit including: a coal gasifier; a char recovery unit; flare equipment; an air flow rate adjustment valve and an oxygen supply flow passage that supply oxygen-containing gas to the coal gasifier; an inert gas supply flow passage that supplies nitrogen gas to an upstream side of the char recovery unit; and a control unit that controls a supply amount of the oxygen-containing gas and a supply amount of the nitrogen gas, in which the coal gasifier has a starting burner, and in which the control unit controls the supply amount of the nitrogen gas prior to starting combustion of starting fuel by the starting burner so that an oxygen concentration of mixed gas in which combustion gas generated by combustion of the oxygen-containing gas and the starting fuel has been mixed with the nitrogen gas becomes not more than an ignition concentration.

A component for a gas turbine engine including a gas path wall having a first surface and a second surface. A cooling hole extends through the gas path wall from an inlet in the first surface through a transition to an outlet in the second surface. Cusps are formed on the transition.

A product for use in a turbocharger system. A turbine housing may define a center core that is circular in shape with a circumference. The turbine housing may define a first volute that extends for a length around only a part of the circumference of the center core, and a second volute that may be positioned radially outside the first volute and that may extend entirely around the circumference of the center core. The first volute and the second volute may define first and second exhaust gas passages through the turbine housing that may be asymmetric. All points of the second volute may be radially outside the first volute from the center core over the entire length of the first volute.

A gas separation process for treating exhaust gases from combustion processes. The invention involves routing a first portion of the exhaust stream to a carbon dioxide capture step, while simultaneously flowing a second portion of the exhaust gas stream across the feed side of a membrane, flowing a sweep gas stream, usually air, across the permeate side, then passing the permeate/sweep gas back to the combustor.

In a method of reducing pollutants of a combustion engine, exhaust gas, generated by a cylinder of the combustion engine, is fed to an exhaust gas aftertreatment system as a function of a predefined condition solely via a first exhaust channel which communicates with a first one of first and second exhaust valves of the cylinder. The first exhaust channel is hereby coated, at least in part, by a thermally insulating layer selected such that a heat input is transmitted to the exhaust gas aftertreatment system which heat input is greater than a heat input in a second exhaust channel communicating with a second one of the first and second exhaust valves. The predefined condition is defined as a function of a coolant temperature of the combustion engine.

An exhaust treatment system comprising a first oxidation catalyst to oxidise nitrogen and/or carbon compounds in an exhaust stream and a first dosage device downstream of said first oxidation catalyst to supply a first additive. A first reduction catalyst device is arranged downstream of said first dosage device for reduction of nitrogen oxides using said first additive, and for the generation of heat, through at least one exothermal reaction with said exhaust stream. A particulate filter arranged downstream of said first reduction catalyst device to catch soot particles and a second dosage device, arranged downstream of said particulate filter to supply a second additive. A second reduction catalyst device is arranged downstream of said second dosage device for reduction of nitrogen oxides in said exhaust stream, through the use of at least one of said first and said second additive.

The invention relates to a storage tank (1) in a motor vehicle for receiving an aqueous urea solution for the SCR of nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gas. The storage tank (1) comprises a tank body which forms a storage volume (2) for the urea solution. The storage tank (1) furthermore comprises a filling pipe for filling the storage volume (2) and means for venting the storage volume (2) during the refuelling, wherein the filling pipe (3) has a filling head (9) at a remote end, and the filling head (9) forms an orifice stub (10). The orifice stub (10) defines an orifice (11) for receiving a fuel pump nozzle. Said orifice stub furthermore has an external thread for receiving a complementary union thread of a refuelling cylinder for refuelling by the gas displacement method. The orifice stub forms at least one secondary air opening when the refuelling cylinder is attached, and therefore, when a refuelling cylinder is attached, a sealing seat is bridged by the refuelling cylinder and refuelling by the gas displacement method is possible even if counterflow venting through the filling tube (3) does not take place.

Various embodiments of a waste heat recovery and conversion system are disclosed. The system may include a modular heat exchanger whose energy source is provided by waste heat energy transporting fluids transferring their energy to a working fluid. The working fluid may be in a liquid state contained in a reservoir hydraulically connected to a high-pressure heat transfer chamber. The high-pressure heat transfer chamber may be configured to receive thermal energy utilized to convert the working fluid into a superheated vapor. The system may also include a waste heat conversion system hydraulically connected to the heat transfer chamber to receive the superheated vaporized working fluid from the heat transfer chamber. The waste heat conversion system may be configured to expand the superheated working fluid through an expander for the conversion of waste heat energy into useful energy. For applications involving internal combustion engines, the system may be configured such that the conversion of waste heat energy into useful energy may drive an air compressor to enhance combustion engine performance and decrease pollutant emissions.

A controller is provided, which detects operating conditions of an internal combustion engine on the basis of detection results from a group of sensors and drives an actuator that modifies an opening position of a wastegate valve on the basis of the operating conditions. When driving the wastegate valve to a fully closed opening, the controller initially drives the actuator toward a preset provisional fully closed position, and after determining on the basis of a detection result from a position sensor that an actual opening of the wastegate valve has reached the provisional fully closed opening, switches a target opening to the fully closed opening and drives the actuator accordingly.

A required opening correction amount is calculated based on a target supercharging pressure and an actual supercharging pressure, a target opening is calculated based on a required opening and the required opening correction amount, an actual operating position of a wastegate valve is determined to correspond to a fully closed position when the wastegate valve is in a fully closed condition, an actual opening of the wastegate valve is calculated based on the fully closed position and the actual operating position, an operation amount of an actuator for aligning the target opening with the actual opening is calculated based on the target opening and the actual opening, and when the target opening corresponds to the fully closed condition and the actual operating position is not decreased at or above a prescribed rate, the fully closed position is updated to the actual operating position.

A gas turbine engine system and method of operating gas turbine engines are provided. The gas turbine engine assembly includes a gas turbine engine includes a power shaft configured to rotate about an axis of rotation. The gas turbine engine assembly also includes a first fan and a second fan coupled to the power shaft coaxially with the gas turbine engine. The gas turbine engine assembly also includes a first fan duct configured to direct a first stream of air to the first fan. The gas turbine engine assembly also includes a second fan duct configured to direct a second stream of air to the second fan. The gas turbine engine assembly also includes an exhaust duct configured to direct a stream of exhaust gases of the gas turbine engine in a direction of the axis of rotation.

A system includes a gas turbine system having a turbine combustor, a turbine driven by combustion products from the turbine combustor, and an exhaust gas compressor driven by the turbine. The exhaust gas compressor is configured to compress and supply an exhaust gas to the turbine combustor. The gas turbine system also has an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system. The EGR system is configured to recirculate the exhaust gas along an exhaust recirculation path from the turbine to the exhaust gas compressor. The system further includes a main oxidant compression system having one or more oxidant compressors. The one or more oxidant compressors are separate from the exhaust gas compressor, and the one or more oxidant compressors are configured to supply all compressed oxidant utilized by the turbine combustor in generating the combustion products.

Various embodiments of the invention can include a portable power system with multiple power generation modes and mode based adjustable drag configuration. Embodiments of the invention include a system with an adjustable inlet ram air inlet, a ram air powered section (e.g. a ram air powered turbine with an adjustable ram air inlet), a fuel powered section, e.g., jet fuel powered auxiliary power unit, which is used when insufficient ram air is present or a power surge requires augmented power generation, and a generator section selectively coupled with the ram air powered section and the fuel powered section.

The heat exchanger system includes a first heat exchanger assembly including a plurality of airfoil members circumferentially spaced in a flow stream of an annular duct. Each airfoil member including a radially inner end and a radially outer end and a first internal flowpath configured to channel a flow of cooled fluid therethrough. The heat exchanger assembly includes a second heat exchanger assembly including a plurality of fin members extending proximate the flow stream and a second internal flowpath configured to channel a flow of cooled fluid therethrough. The heat exchanger assembly includes a header system including a conduit path configured to couple the first heat exchanger assembly and the second heat exchanger assembly in flow communication. The header system includes an inlet connection configured to receive a flow of hot fluid from thermal loads and an outlet connection configured to direct cooled fluid to thermal loads.

A gas turbine engine cooling system includes a gas turbine engine. The gas turbine engine includes a core engine, a cold sink, a core undercowl space, and a core cowl at least partially surrounding the core engine and defining a radially outer wall of the core undercowl space. The gas turbine engine cooling system includes an undercowl component positioned in the core undercowl space. The gas turbine engine cooling system also includes a heat pipe including a first end, a second end, and a conduit extending therebetween. The first end is thermally coupled to the undercowl component, and the second end is thermally coupled to the cold sink. The heat pipe facilitates transfer of a quantity of heat from the undercowl component to the cold sink.

A method for operating a stationary gas turbine at partial load, having at least one compressor, at least one expansion turbine and a combustion chamber provided with at least one burner, which gas turbine further includes a hydraulic gap adjuster, wherein the method has the following steps: operating the gas turbine at partial load; operating the a hydraulic gap adjuster; during the operation of the hydraulic gap adjuster, increasing the fuel supply to the burner while increasing the temperature of the combustion gases which are guided to the expansion turbine.

The modular platform for offshore constructions, composed of more than two separate buoyancy elements partially immersed in water, which move along with the water wave movement and which, in the part above the water level, are connected to the structural elements forming a rigid horizontal spatial structure, characterized in that the buoyancy element (1) is given the shape of a cuboid or cylinder having at least one vertical hollow (2) to accommodate the structural element, i.e. piston (3), which forms the axis along which the buoyancy element (1) moves, and which is connected to the horizontal structural element (4) fitted to take external loads.

A submersible pumping system has an electric motor, a rotary hydraulic pump driven by the electric motor, and a linear hydraulic pump that is configured to move a production fluid. The rotary hydraulic pump produces a pressurized working fluid that drives the linear hydraulic pump. In another aspect, a method is disclosed for controlling the temperature of an electric motor within a submersible pumping system disposed in a wellbore. The method includes the steps of circulating motor lubricant through a hydraulically driven production pump to reduce the temperature of the motor lubricant.

A hydraulic drive system includes an oil supply device, an oil return device and a hydraulic cylinder circuit component. The circuit component includes a hydraulic cylinder, a first and a second two-position two-way electromagnetic directional valves. The cylinder includes a first chamber and a second chamber that has a piston rod. A first port of the first valve connects with the first chamber and a first port of the second valve connects with the second chamber. When the oil supply device connects to a second port of the first valve and a second port of the second valve connects to the oil return device, the piston rod is extended outwards. When the oil supply device connects to the second port of the second valve and the second port of the first valve connects to the oil return device, the piston rod is retracted.

A system for injecting a liquid fuel into a combustion gas flow field includes an annular liner that defines a combustion gas flow path. The annular liner includes an inner wall, an outer wall and a fuel injector opening that extends through the inner wall and the outer wall. The system further includes a gas fuel injector that is coaxially aligned with the fuel injector opening. The gas fuel injector includes an upstream end and a downstream end. The downstream end terminates substantially adjacent to the inner wall. A dilution air passage is at least partially defined by the gas fuel injector. A liquid fuel injector extends partially through the dilution air passage. The liquid fuel injector includes an injection end that terminates upstream from the inner wall.

The adhesive system of the invention is especially useful in bonding replacement windows into vehicles. They allow for sufficient working time while still realizing a fast drive away time. The adhesive system is comprised of a moisture curable adhesive and a cure accelerator that may be applied using a simple single caulk gun and may be applied at ambient temperatures such as −10° C. and about 45° C. The cure accelerator is comprised of a polyol having a backbone that has at least one amine in the backbone. The moisture curable adhesive typically is comprised of an isocyanate terminated prepolymer.

A bituminous composition is used as an adhesive binder. The bituminous composition has at least one acidic additive of general formula (I): R—(COOH)z in which R is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon-based chain having from 4 to 68 carbon atoms, preferably from 4 to 54 carbon atoms, more preferentially from 4 to 36 carbon atoms and z is an integer ranging from 1 to 4, preferably from 2 to 4.

Certain aspects pertain to methods of fabricating an optical device on a substantially transparent substrate that include a pre-deposition operation that removes a width of lower conductor layer at a distance from the outer edge of the substrate to form a pad at the outer edge. The pad and any deposited layers of the optical device may be removed in a post edge deletion operation.

Embodiments of showerheads having a detachable gas distribution plate are provided herein. In some embodiments, a showerhead for use in a substrate processing chamber includes a body having a first side and an opposing second side; a gas distribution plate disposed proximate the second side of the body; and a clamp disposed about a peripheral edge of the gas distribution plate to removably couple the gas distribution plate to the body, wherein the body is electrically coupled to the gas distribution plate through the clamp.

There are provided an adhesive for a solar-cell back sheet having an excellent curing rate and being capable of exhibiting excellent adhesive performance by short-term aging, and also a polyol composition used for the adhesive, a solar-cell back sheet using the adhesive, and a solar-cell module using the sheet. The adhesive for a solar-cell back sheet contains, as essential components, at least one hydroxyl group-containing resin (A) selected from a polyester polyurethane polyol (A1), a polyester polyol (A2), a hydroxyl group-containing (meth)acrylic resin (A3), and a hydroxyl group-containing fluorocarbon resin (A4), a polyisocyanate (B), and a cyclic amide compound (C).

A pattern-forming method includes providing a first ion beam at a first incidence angle and a second ion beam at a second incidence angle to a surface of an etch target layer formed on a substrate. Patterns are formed by patterning the etch target layer using the first and second ion beams. The first ion beam and the second ion beam are substantially symmetrical to each other with respect to a normal line that is perpendicular to a top surface of the substrate. Each of the first and second incidence angles is greater than 0 degrees and smaller than an angle obtained by subtracting a predetermined angle from 90 degrees.

A prepreg provided with a first resin layer and a second resin layer which is formed on this first resin layer, wherein the first resin layer is formed by a first resin composition, the second resin layer is a layer which comprises a resin layer which is formed by a second resin composition which is different from the first resin composition and in which a fiber base material is contained, the second resin layer is provided with a fiber base material-containing layer which contains the fiber base material, an A layer which is positioned at an opposite side of the first resin layer side of the fiber base material-containing layer and which does not contain the fiber base material, and a B layer which is positioned at the first resin layer side of the fiber base material-containing layer and which does not contain the fiber base material, and said B layer has a thickness which is smaller than the thickness of the first resin layer, is provided.

A device for producing a strip-shaped composite sheet may comprise at least two outer metal cover sheets and at least one plastic layer disposed between the two outer metal cover sheets. The device may further comprise at least one first laminating device for laminating the metal cover sheets with the at least one plastic layer arranged between the metal cover sheets, with the first laminating device comprising at least two laminating rolls forming a laminating gap. One object of the present disclosure is to provide methods and devices for producing composite sheets, with which the economy, in particular the production speed, of the production method can be significantly increased and at the same time the risk of delamination of the composite sheets during the further processing can be reduced.”

Method and apparatus for lamination of substrates, e.g. rigid plastic layers, to manufacture laminated products. The methods include the sequential application of vacuum and mechanical force through a two-stroke process performed by a lamination apparatus having one or more force-producing stroke cylinders. Actuation of a cylinder to produce a first stroke creates a sealed chamber within the apparatus, enclosing a stack of substrates to be laminated. The sealed chamber may be evacuated of air by application of a vacuum. Subsequent actuation of a cylinder to produce a second stroke applies mechanical force to the sealed chamber, which compresses the substrates into a laminated product substantially free of air bubbles or voids.

A paperboard or fiberboard sheet is provided with at least one preapplied adhesive strip used to connect together and an adjacently positioned surface protector to form a dust-proof and/or liquid-proof seal between the two surface protectors.

Embodiments using immersion de-taping are described. A substrate having a substrate tape attached thereto is provided. The substrate includes electrically conductive connectors attached to the substrate tape. A fluid is provided between the substrate and the substrate tape. While the fluid is between the substrate and the substrate tape, the substrate tape is removed from the substrate. Another embodiment is an apparatus comprising an immersion tank, a substrate chuck, first and second fixed rollers, and a moveable roller. The substrate chuck is configured to secure a substrate and to place the substrate into the immersion tank. The first fixed roller is operable to dispense a clamp tape. The second fixed roller is operable to roll the clamp tape. The moveable roller is operable to extend into the immersion tank and to adhere the clamp tape to a substrate tape on the substrate.

A refrigeration system includes: a compressor arrangement for compressing gaseous refrigerant from a first pressure to a second pressure, wherein the second pressure comprises a condensing pressure; a plurality of condenser evaporator systems, wherein each condenser evaporator system comprises: (1) a condenser for receiving gaseous refrigerant at a condensing pressure and condensing the refrigerant to a liquid refrigerant; (2) a controlled pressure receiver for holding the liquid refrigerant from the condenser; and (3) an evaporator for evaporating liquid refrigerant from the controlled pressure receiver to form gaseous refrigerant; a first gaseous refrigerant feed line for feeding the gaseous refrigerant at the second pressure from the compressor arrangement to the plurality of condenser evaporator systems; and a second gaseous refrigerant feed line for feeding gaseous refrigerant from the plurality of condenser evaporator systems to the compressor arrangement.

A heat exchange apparatus includes a first heat exchanger configured to transfer heat between a refrigerant and another medium, a plurality of second heat exchangers configured to transfer heat between the refrigerant and the liquid, a compressor configured to pressurize the refrigerant and a plurality of expansion devices for each of the plurality of second heat exchangers and configured to expand the refrigerant pressurized by the compressor, wherein the refrigerant flows through the plurality of second heat exchangers in parallel, and the liquid flows through the plurality of second heat exchangers in series.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a vapor compression system that includes a refrigerant loop, a compressor disposed along the refrigerant loop and configured to circulate refrigerant through the refrigerant loop, a condenser disposed downstream of the compressor along the refrigerant loop, where the condenser includes a plurality of tubes disposed in a shell and a diffusion area configured to enhance thermal energy transfer within the condenser, where the diffusion area is defined by a cavity of the condenser without a tube of the plurality of tubes, and an evaporator disposed downstream of the condenser along the refrigerant loop.

A downstream-side passage of an expansion valve includes a small-diameter part to which a valve hole and an insertion hole are open, and a large-diameter part to which a pipe leading to an evaporator is connected. A plate has a shield part partially covering a downstream end of the small-diameter part. The shield part has a height of 2 mm or larger in a radial direction of the small-diameter part from a projected position of an opening of the insertion hole at the downstream end of the small-diameter part, and a width equal to or larger than a radius of the shaft within a range of the height. The plate is provided so that the shield part does not cover at least a range of projection of an opening of the valve hole at the downstream end of the small-diameter part.

An electronic expansion device includes a main body having inlet and outlet side faces; an inlet disposed on the inlet side face; an orifice formed in the main body between the inlet side face and the outlet side face; a flow path fluidly connecting an inlet side of the orifice and an outlet side of the orifice, the flow path configured to redirect an inlet flow and provide an outlet flow; an outlet disposed on the outlet side face, the outlet being in fluid communication with the inlet via the orifice and the flow path; and a flow control device including an electric motor and a sealing member, the sealing member extending through the main body between the inlet and the outlet, wherein the sealing member is movable into and out of the main body to control the outlet flow of a fluid.

A container treatment installation having a refrigeration installation, and a method for starting the operation of a refrigeration installation of a container treatment installation, are provided. The refrigeration installation comprises a refrigerant vessel for receiving a refrigerant which can be used for cooling a component of the container treatment installation, and a control device for controlling an amount of the refrigerant in the refrigerant vessel such that, after operation of the refrigeration installation, only a predetermined residual amount of refrigerant remains in the refrigerant vessel for the transport of the refrigerant installation, and after the transport of the refrigeration installation, the predetermined residual amount is filled up with a predetermined replenishment amount of refrigerant.

A system includes first and second compressors arranged in parallel, a condenser, expansion device, evaporator, and flow control device fluidly connected. The first compressor includes a first lubricant sump and the second compressor including a second lubricant sump. A lubricant transfer conduit fluidly connects the first lubricant sump and the second lubricant sump. The flow control device is disposed between the evaporator and the first and second compressors, and includes a fluid inlet and two fluid outlets. A first of the two fluid outlets is fluidly connected to the first compressor, a second of the two fluid outlets is fluidly connected to the second compressor. The second fluid outlet includes a nozzle disposed within a flow passage of the flow control device such that a space is maintained between an outer surface of the nozzle and an inner surface of the flow passage.

An ice machine may include a compressor, a first heat exchanger, an expansion device, an evaporator, an ice tray, and a water pump. The first heat exchanger may receive compressed working fluid from the compressor. The expansion device may receive working fluid from the first heat exchanger. The evaporator may receive working fluid from the expansion device. The ice tray may be in a heat transfer relationship with the evaporator. The ice tray may include a plurality of ice molds. The water pump may be in fluid communication with the ice molds and may be configured to pump water from a water source to the ice molds.

A process is described herein for removing high freeze point hydrocarbons, including benzene compounds, from a mixed feed gas stream. The process involves cooling process streams in one or more heat exchangers and separating condensed compounds in multiple separators to form a methane-rich product gas stream. Select solvent streams from a fractionation train and/or separate solvent streams are employed to lower the freeze point of one or more streams that contain high freeze point hydrocarbons. A corresponding system also is disclosed.

A device and method for heat distribution in a hybrid motor vehicle are provided. The device includes an engine cooling circuit; and a refrigerant circuit for a combined operation in a refrigeration heat pump mode and a reheating mode, includes an evaporator, a compressor, a heat exchanger to supply heat from the refrigerant to air being conditioned for a passenger compartment; and a heat exchanger to transfer heat between a refrigerant of the refrigerant circuit and coolant of the engine cooling circuit, wherein the heat exchanger operates as an evaporator for the heat transfer, and as a condenser for the heat transfer from the condensing refrigerant to the coolant.

There is disclosed a refrigeration device which is capable of inexpensively improving durability of an electronic expansion valve (an outdoor expansion valve) for use in a refrigerant circuit. A vehicle air conditioner 1 has a refrigerant circuit R including an outdoor expansion valve 6. The vehicle air conditioner includes a controller which controls energization to a coil of the outdoor expansion valve 6, and this controller executes operation limit control to limit an operation of the outdoor expansion valve 6 so that a temperature of the coil of the outdoor expansion valve 6 is not in excess of a predetermined value. The controller lengthens a control period of the outdoor expansion valve 6 and suppresses an operation amount of the outdoor expansion valve 6 within a predetermined limit value to limit a duty factor, in the operation limit control.

A charge air cooler for an internal combustion engine, includes a charge air inlet and a charge air outlet which are fluidly connected with each other via multiple charge air channels which are arranged parallel to each other and arranged parallel to each other and subjectable to a coolant flow; and at least one flow guide element arranged upstream of the charge air channels, wherein the flow guide element at least in one operating state of the internal combustion engine deflects charge air entering through the charge air inlet the direction of a condensate accumulation volume of the charge air cooler.

A desiccant air conditioning system for treating an air stream entering a building space, including a conditioner configured to expose the air stream to a liquid desiccant such that the liquid desiccant dehumidifies the air stream in the warm weather operation mode and humidifies the air stream in the cold weather operation mode. The conditioner includes multiple plate structures arranged in a vertical orientation and spaced apart to permit the air stream to flow between the plate structures. Each plate structure includes a passage through which a heat transfer fluid can flow. Each plate structure also has at least one surface across which the liquid desiccant can flow. The system includes a regenerator connected to the conditioner for causing the liquid desiccant to desorb water in the warm weather operation mode and to absorb water in the cold weather operation mode from a return air stream.

Provided is an hybrid solar heat absorption cooling system comprising: an absorption refrigerator; a solar heat steam generator configured to generate steam using solar heat; a daytime steam supplying unit configured to supply steam generated by the solar heat steam generator during the day as a heat source for the absorption refrigerator; a daytime hot water storage tank configured to store hot water discharged from the absorption refrigerator during the day; a nighttime hot water supplying unit configured to supply hot water stored in the daytime hot water storage tank during the night as a heat source for the absorption refrigerator; a nighttime hot water storage tank configured to store hot water discharged from the absorption refrigerator during the night; and a daytime hot water supplying unit configured to supply hot water stored in the nighttime hot water storage tank during the day to the solar heat steam generator.

The present invention provides for a system for calibrating operation of a compressor unit in a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. A measuring device measures an operating parameter of the HVAC system at a position where the measuring device is mounted on a refrigerant line of the HVAC system. The measuring device switches states when the value of the measured operating parameter reaches a switching value. A controller estimates a value of the first operating parameter at the position where the first measuring device is mounted on the refrigerant line, and the controller determines whether the estimated first operating parameter is within a threshold percentage of the switching value.

A container for food or beverage which has a heat exchange unit secured internally thereof to be in contact with the food or beverage, the heat exchange unit is filled with liquid carbon dioxide and has a valve which when activated allows the liquid carbon dioxide to pass from the liquid state directly to the gaseous state through a restricted orifice which functions to maintain residual carbon dioxide in the heat exchange unit in the liquid state until all of the liquid carbon dioxide is exhausted from the heat exchange unit.