ic Новинки Microsoft: ноутбук Surface Book 3 с мощной видеокартой и наушники Surface Headphones 2 By www.iphones.ru Published On :: Wed, 06 May 2020 18:30:00 +0000 И бюджетный планшет Surface Go 2. Full Article Новости Microsoft Surface наушники ноутбуки планшеты
ic Microsoft показала первые игры для Xbox Series X By www.iphones.ru Published On :: Thu, 07 May 2020 16:02:54 +0000 Вам понравятся. Full Article Новости xbox Игры
ic Клавиатуру Magic Keyboard для iPad Pro поместили под рентген и нашли много интересных деталей By www.iphones.ru Published On :: Thu, 07 May 2020 17:56:02 +0000 Клавиатуру не стали разбирать. Full Article iPad Новости iPad Pro клавиатура
ic Microsoft Office с поддержкой трекпада на iPad появится в конце 2020 года By www.iphones.ru Published On :: Fri, 08 May 2020 14:39:34 +0000 Microsoft уже работает над новыми функциями iPadOS. Full Article iPad Новости iPadOS Microsoft Office
ic Distant Worlds: music from FINAL FANTASY JIRITSU By www.gamemp3s.net Published On :: Fri, 22 Mar 2019 21:15:00 +0000 -Album Details- Title: Distant Worlds: music from FINAL FANTASY JIRITSU Publisher: Square Enix Music Catalog Number: SQEX-10659~60 Release Date: September 20th, 2018 Ripped by: dancey -Info- Nothing new or revelatory here other than it was only available at TGS2018, enjoy nonetheless. Full Article new releases
ic Review of The Battle of Chickamauga (Atari 8-bit) By www.mobygames.com Published On :: Fri, 24 Apr 2020 11:28:52 +0000 A review by ALLEN HALL (6). Excellently showcased what a computer could offer a gamer over a board game Full Article
ic Microsoft будет бесплатно чинить ноутбуки Surface Laptop 3 с треснутыми экранами By gagadget.com Published On :: Sat, 09 May 2020 14:14:29 +0300 Компания обещает бесплатный ремонт устройств и возмещение расходов, если ноутбук уже отремонтировали. Full Article
ic Mold Inspection and Testing Service By www.kimvazquez.com Published On :: Thu, 26 Dec 2019 12:38:12 +0000 Mold is a fungus with the Ability to flourish in just about any circumstance. While found almost everywhere in nature, mold can cause serious problems when found in residential areas and must be quarantined and removed as soon as possible.… Continue Reading → Full Article General
ic Live cricket match takes fan into the world of real cricket spirit By www.kimvazquez.com Published On :: Sun, 29 Dec 2019 06:58:12 +0000 Every cricket follower fervently needs to watch real-time cricket suit. Nothing can change the excitement, delights and excitement of real-time cricket suit. Live cricket suit is of much worry for a fan during any recurring series or competitions. Every cricket… Continue Reading → Full Article Sports
ic Why Is Packaging an Important Purpose of Choice? By www.kimvazquez.com Published On :: Tue, 31 Dec 2019 04:47:11 +0000 Drive more reaction when you fabricate your image story at the purpose of decision. A point of decision is where a possibility or purchaser will make a move activity to move to the subsequent stage in the purchasing procedure. Research,… Continue Reading → Full Article General
ic Finding an Obscure MP39ja Song Download Service By www.kimvazquez.com Published On :: Tue, 31 Dec 2019 10:01:35 +0000 Finding top quality MP3 moving download can be real assignment thinking about that moving songs is somewhat of a particular specialty showcase. Certain everybody appreciates clouding prone to the clubs and furthermore move, yet have you ever before in reality… Continue Reading → Full Article Entertainment
ic Recognizing energy efficient ceiling fans on the market By www.kimvazquez.com Published On :: Sat, 04 Jan 2020 06:14:40 +0000 Power reliable ceiling followers are a wonderful method to make your home much more inviting, visually pleasing and also, as an added bonus offer, reduced your overall house power air conditioning bill if you currently have a home cooling system.… Continue Reading → Full Article Shopping
ic microfinance, n. By www.oed.com Published On :: Sun, 03 May 2020 00:00:00 -0400 OED Word of the Day: microfinance, n. The provision of loans and other financial services to low-income individuals and communities for the creation of small businesses… Full Article
ic Life's a Biotech - Marketing Dictionary for Newbies By www.labspaces.net Published On :: Fri, 30 Jul 2010 00:00:00 -0500 As more and more of my academic scientist friends become disillusioned with their prospects for a balanced life or financial freedom, moving to industry seems the logical choice. If you really want to make the big dollars, you'll want to move out of the lab and try out marketing or sales. Now, you won't be able to go directly to a marketing position from the lab without some marketing experience o; (read more) Source: Suzy - Discipline: BioTech Full Article
ic Featured - Know Thy Genome, Know Thyself - Coriell Personalized Medicine Collaborative By www.labspaces.net Published On :: Tue, 21 Dec 2010 00:35:16 -0600 For those of you who follow the tweets of @DivaBiotech, you are already familiar with the varied interests and activities of outgoing world traveler and international marketing guru in the area of genomics, Ruby Gadelrab. Ruby is one of my favorite tweeps, keeping me up to date on the personal genomics scene and the latest biotech science news. I asked Ruby to guest post; (read more) Source: Suzy - Discipline: BioTech Full Article
ic Featured - What is the biggest difference between academic research and industrial research? By www.labspaces.net Published On :: Wed, 19 Jan 2011 01:06:16 -0600 I would like to thank AGreenMonster for these great questions for discussion. I am going to answer these from my perspective, which is from a life science company. I welcome anyone to give their feedback as well. In fact, if any of the readers out there feels like they have a lot to share, I would be happy to host your article on my blog so that you may provide more details. Just drop me a line.Hi; (read more) Source: Suzy - Discipline: BioTech Full Article
ic Featured - Communication Skills 101 (and some tips for managing others) By www.labspaces.net Published On :: Thu, 27 Jan 2011 16:40:24 -0600 Thank God it's Thursday because I am already burnt out from the first three days of this week. It has been an inordinately stressful week for multiple reasons, one of which I will talk about today.It's not the lab. Lab work is like heaven for me. I love escaping to the bench, avoiding human contact, and focusing on how to get something puzzling to work.It's not the next looming product launch, ; (read more) Source: Suzy - Discipline: BioTech Full Article
ic Featured - Career Advice from a Rock Star of Science By www.labspaces.net Published On :: Mon, 04 Apr 2011 22:53:32 -0500 I walked past the mini-conference room area that AACR set up in the middle of the exhibit hall and my eyes immediately zeroed in on the name of one of my science idols: Elizabeth Blackburn. She was going to be speaking about careers to young scientists and allow them to ask her questions. I noted the day and time. It wouldn’t matter to me what she was talking about. I would be there. ; (read more) Source: Suzy - Discipline: Careers Full Article
ic Featured - Is bioinformatics the new hot career choice for scientists? By www.labspaces.net Published On :: Wed, 14 Sep 2011 01:54:44 -0500 Anyone with strong bioinformatics skills looking for a job with a fantastic energetic new PI at the University of Arizona? Today I spent time with a friend and new PI at the University of Arizona talking about her metagenomics projects. She's been advertising for an opening for a computational biologist for quite a while. She tells me that she can't find anyone to fill this position beca; (read more) Source: Suzy - Discipline: Careers Full Article
ic The Surprisingly Difficult Job of Convincing Kids They Can Ditch the Lego Instructions By www.freerangekids.com Published On :: Fri, 24 Apr 2020 22:13:34 +0000 “The most difficult part was persuading our children that they had the freedom to make anything they wanted,” writes mom Anam Ahmed at Let Grow. (Click here!) …Like most kids, my children live prescheduled lives (at least they did in “the time before”). At school, someone tells them when to play outside and when to […] Full Article Miscellaneous
ic Stop Throwing Away Those Little Silica Gel Packets! You and the Kids Can Use Them a Ton of Clever Ways By www.freerangekids.com Published On :: Wed, 06 May 2020 02:20:29 +0000 Parents, kids: Fear not the silica gel pack. Sure it says DO NOT EAT and THROW AWAY. But you should only follow one of those rules. Instead, save the packs and use them a whole lot of ways: Place them on the car dashboard by the windshield to keep it from fogging up. […] Full Article Miscellaneous
ic Genetic Engineering To Lower Risks And Assure Child Outcomes By www.futurepundit.com Published On :: 2016-10-07T16:44:54-08:00 In a nutshell: editing offspring DNA at the embryo stage will eventually offer so many advantages that lots of people will cave in on some advantage. Don't want to make your kid smarter? Make him or her better looking? Don't want that? How about a throwing arm competitive in major league baseball? Opposed to that? How about avoiding passing along your terrible allergies, need for braces, terrible eyesight, tendency to get depressed or perhaps anxiety attacks or eating disorders? Lots of ways to be persuaded to step over the line once the tech becomes safe. If asked whether one would genetically engineer one's offspring today many people would answer "No" to the hypothetical question. But today choosing genes for your... Full Article
ic Job Automation And Universal Basic Income By www.futurepundit.com Published On :: 2016-12-03T20:39:39-08:00 Elon Musk thinks a universal basic income is inevitable. Musk doesn't see plausible alternatives. I hope not. So here's the optimistic scenario: On the one hand, manual and low skilled work will mostly get automated out of existence. So one could imagine why demand for people at lower skill levels and lower levels of cognitive ability could just evaporate. On the other hand, automation will cut costs and boost the wealth of those still employed. Even if the pay of manual laborers is low the goods a manual laborer will need to survive should become very cheap. So any upper class people who can find a use for them might pay them enough to survive. But I see a stronger... Full Article
ic Utility Battery Projects Driven By Price Drops By www.futurepundit.com Published On :: 2017-02-04T12:40:18-08:00 For large electric power storage projects the cost of batteries has plummeted. 2008, when battery prices were 10 times higher than they are today. This advance is timely as photovoltaic electric power prices have dropped so far that in SoCal PV is causing a growing drop in mid-day demand and therefore a much bigger spike in evening demand. Therefore there's a growing need for a cheaper way to store power generated in mid day and deliver it in the evening. You can see how much solar power output surges each day in California by clicking on some of the Daily Renewables Watch links at the Cal ISO site (the organization that manages California's electric grid). The growing supply of wind... Full Article
ic Hobbyists Could Genetically Engineer Dogs By www.futurepundit.com Published On :: 2017-02-19T18:09:08-08:00 Check out: The FDA Is Cracking Down On Rogue Genetic Engineers. Apparently the US Food and Drug Administration wants to classify genetically altered dogs as drugs. When this is done to humans will they become drugs too? I think Huey Lewis has foreseen this possibility. A substantial part of the population is going to continue to insist on owning highly inbred genetically messed up dog breeds with serious health issues (e.g. bulldogs and pugs). If you do not want to me like them then avoid the unhealthiest dog breeds. But given that these breeds will continue to exist it certainly makes sense to genetically fix the fixable ones (some are, by breed standard, probably not fixable). So genetic engineers who... Full Article
ic JoT #2692: Pandemic priorities. By www.geekculture.com Published On :: Wed, 18 Mar 2020 20:34:05 -0800 Keep calm, and stay geeky people! Full Article Comics
ic JoT #2705: Pandemic mental checklist! By www.geekculture.com Published On :: Sun, 03 May 2020 17:55:34 -0800 Helping you manage those out-of-control feelings! Full Article Comics
ic Support group for writers of end user licensing agreements By www.geekculture.com Published On :: Thu, 07 May 2020 08:35:04 -0800 Nitrozac had to undergo an emergency endodontic procedure, *ouch*, so she is off for a few days to let her recover. We'll be back with a new smile soon, in the meantime, here's one of our fave retros... Full Article Comics
ic Frédéric la grenouille et Elias l'éléphant By www.lonvig.dk Published On :: Contes de fées aux enfants - Frédéric la grenouille et Elias l'éléphant. Full Article
ic Affiche - Frédéric la grenouille By www.artwanted.com Published On :: Mon, 16 Jan 2006 22:36:34 +0100 Affiches. Vous pouvez commander des affiches de cette image en ligne. De très petit à 76 x 102 centimètres, c'est à 30 x 40 pouces. Prix d'USS 1.95 vers les USA $79.95. Full Article
ic Affiche - Octo-Puce la pieuvre By www.artwanted.com Published On :: Mon, 16 Jan 2006 22:39:13 +0100 Affiches. Vous pouvez commander des affiches de cette image en ligne. De très petit à 76 x 102 centimètres, c'est à 30 x 40 pouces. Prix d'USS 1.95 vers les USA $79.95. Full Article
ic Affiche - Craby-la-Pince le crabe By www.artwanted.com Published On :: Mon, 16 Jan 2006 22:41:16 +0100 Affiches. Vous pouvez commander des affiches de cette image en ligne. De très petit à 76 x 102 centimètres, c'est à 30 x 40 pouces. Prix d'USS 1.95 vers les USA $79.95. Full Article
ic Affiche - Charlie Grand By www.artwanted.com Published On :: Mon, 16 Jan 2006 22:43:05 +0100 Affiches. Vous pouvez commander des affiches de cette image en ligne. De très petit à 76 x 102 centimètres, c'est à 30 x 40 pouces. Prix d'USS 1.95 vers les USA $79.95. Full Article
ic Affiche - Bonjour Monde By www.artwanted.com Published On :: Mon, 16 Jan 2006 22:45:09 +0100 Affiches. Vous pouvez commander des affiches de cette image en ligne. De très petit à 76 x 102 centimètres, c'est à 30 x 40 pouces. Prix d'USS 1.95 vers les USA $79.95. Full Article
ic Getting Bank of America By The Balls By www.funnyandjokes.com Published On :: Tue, 22 Nov 2011 01:27:11 +0000 A little old lady walks into Bank of America and asks to open a savings account. The new accounts receptionist first thinks this is strange, probably because everyone is leaving them for credit unions now. At any rate, the accounts person asks her how much she wanted to deposit to open the account, and the […] The post Getting Bank of America By The Balls appeared first on Funny & Jokes. Full Article Dirty Jokes Jokes
ic From Riches to Rags By www.funnyandjokes.com Published On :: Thu, 14 Nov 2013 12:33:00 +0000 A wealthy Catholic man travels to the Vatican City to see the Bishop of Rome in person, and hopes to meet this leader of the worldwide Catholic Church. Wearing his finest suit, he prays to God that he might be able to meet the Holy Father. During the morning’s Papal procession, he manages to work […] The post From Riches to Rags appeared first on Funny & Jokes. Full Article Jokes Religious Jokes
ic Stay and Play at Home with Popular Past Google Doodles: Cricket (2017) By www.google.com Published On :: Date: April 28, 2020 As COVID-19 continues to impact communities around the world, people and families everywhere are spending more time at home. In light of this, we’re launching a throwback Doodle series looking back at some of our popular interactive Google Doodle games! Stay and play at home with today’s featured throwback: Our 2017 Doodle game celebrating Cricket! Help stop the spread of COVID-19 by following these steps. Learn more here about the latest ways we’re responding, and how our products can help people stay connected during this time. Location: Global Tags: Full Article
ic Fishing Footwear Basics: Keeping Your Feet Neat and Safe By www.oceanbluefishing.com Published On :: Mon, 20 Apr 2020 08:03:30 +0000 Fishing Footwear Basics: Keeping Your Feet Neat and Safe The post Fishing Footwear Basics: Keeping Your Feet Neat and Safe appeared first on Ocean Blue Fishing Adventures. Full Article Featured Post Gear & Boats best fishing shoes fishing footwear fishing gear fishing sandals fishing shoes Vanuatu Fishing
ic The Angler’s Code: What are the Best Practices for a Better Fishing Future? By www.oceanbluefishing.com Published On :: Thu, 30 Apr 2020 05:08:02 +0000 The Angler’s Code: What are the Best Practices for a Better Fishing Future? The post The Angler’s Code: What are the Best Practices for a Better Fishing Future? appeared first on Ocean Blue Fishing Adventures. Full Article Featured Post How To anglers code anglers practice best fishing practices fishing practices fishing tips Ocean Blue Fishing Vanuatu Fishing
ic Project Syndicate (США): предотвращение кризиса психического здоровья в СМИ By inosmi.ru Published On :: Sat, 09 May 2020 17:14:00 +0300 Ничто так не подчёркивает важность достоверных новостей, как кризис. Однако пандемия сovid-19 переворачивает вверх дном журналистику и меняет условия труда. Нельзя недооценивать возникающий в результате стресс для психического здоровья работников СМИ. Full Article Общество
ic Myeloid-specific Asxl2 deletion limits diet-induced obesity by regulating energy expenditure By www.jci.org Published On :: We previously established that global deletion of the enhancer of trithorax and polycomb (ETP) gene, Asxl2, prevents weight gain. Because proinflammatory macrophages recruited to adipose tissue are central to the metabolic complications of obesity, we explored the role of ASXL2 in myeloid lineage cells. Unexpectedly, mice without Asxl2 only in myeloid cells (Asxl2ΔLysM) were completely resistant to diet-induced weight gain and metabolically normal despite increased food intake, comparable activity, and equivalent fecal fat. Asxl2ΔLysM mice resisted HFD-induced adipose tissue macrophage infiltration and inflammatory cytokine gene expression. Energy expenditure and brown adipose tissue metabolism in Asxl2ΔLysM mice were protected from the suppressive effects of HFD, a phenomenon associated with relatively increased catecholamines likely due to their suppressed degradation by macrophages. White adipose tissue of HFD-fed Asxl2ΔLysM mice also exhibited none of the pathological remodeling extant in their control counterparts. Suppression of macrophage Asxl2 expression, via nanoparticle-based siRNA delivery, prevented HFD-induced obesity. Thus, ASXL2 controlled the response of macrophages to dietary factors to regulate metabolic homeostasis, suggesting modulation of the cells’ inflammatory phenotype may impact obesity and its complications. Full Article
ic Exosome-mediated protection of auditory hair cells from ototoxic insults By www.jci.org Published On :: Hearing loss caused by the death of sensory hair cells of the inner ear is an unfortunate side effect for many patients treated with aminoglycoside antibiotics or platinum-containing chemotherapy agents. In animal models, induction of heat shock confers substantial otoprotection against aminoglycoside- and cisplatin-induced hair cell death. In this issue of the JCI, Breglio et al. demonstrate that inner ear tissue released exosomes carrying heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in response to heat stress. HSP70 acted by a paracrine mechanism that engaged the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on hair cells to protect them from death. Exosomes and the HSP70/TLR4 pathway could thus provide treatment targets for the protection of hair cells from chemically induced death or from other insults, such as noise. Full Article
ic Striatal Kir2 K+ channel inhibition mediates the antidyskinetic effects of amantadine By www.jci.org Published On :: Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) poses a significant health care challenge for Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. Amantadine is currently the only drug proven to alleviate LID. Although its efficacy in treating LID is widely assumed to be mediated by blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors, our experiments demonstrate that at therapeutically relevant concentrations, amantadine preferentially blocks inward-rectifying K+ channel type 2 (Kir2) channels in striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) — not NMDA receptors. In so doing, amantadine enhances dendritic integration of excitatory synaptic potentials in SPNs and enhances — not antagonizes — the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) at excitatory, axospinous synapses. Taken together, our studies suggest that the alleviation of LID in PD patients is mediated by diminishing the disparity in the excitability of direct- and indirect-pathway SPNs in the on state, rather than by disrupting LTP induction. This insight points to a pharmacological approach that could be used to effectively ameliorate LID and improve the quality of life for PD patients. Full Article
ic Erythrocyte-derived microvesicles induce arterial spasms in JAK2V617F myeloproliferative neoplasm By www.jci.org Published On :: Arterial cardiovascular events are the leading cause of death in patients with JAK2V617F myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). However, their mechanisms are poorly understood. The high prevalence of myocardial infarction without significant coronary stenosis or atherosclerosis in patients with MPNs suggests that vascular function is altered. The consequences of JAK2V617F mutation on vascular reactivity are unknown. We observe here increased responses to vasoconstrictors in arteries from Jak2V617F mice resulting from a disturbed endothelial NO pathway and increased endothelial oxidative stress. This response was reproduced in WT mice by circulating microvesicles isolated from patients carrying JAK2V617F and by erythrocyte-derived microvesicles from transgenic mice. Microvesicles of other cellular origins had no effect. This effect was observed ex vivo on isolated aortas, but also in vivo on femoral arteries. Proteomic analysis of microvesicles derived from JAK2V617F erythrocytes identified increased expression of myeloperoxidase as the likely mechanism accounting for their effect. Myeloperoxidase inhibition in microvesicles derived from JAK2V617F erythrocytes suppressed their effect on oxidative stress. Antioxidants such as simvastatin and N-acetyl cysteine improved arterial dysfunction in Jak2V617F mice. In conclusion, JAK2V617F MPNs are characterized by exacerbated vasoconstrictor responses resulting from increased endothelial oxidative stress caused by circulating erythrocyte-derived microvesicles. Simvastatin appears to be a promising therapeutic strategy in this setting. Full Article
ic Hepatic CEACAM1 expression indicates donor liver quality and prevents early transplantation injury By www.jci.org Published On :: Although CEACAM1 (CC1) glycoprotein resides at the interface of immune liver injury and metabolic homeostasis, its role in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) remains elusive. We aimed to determine whether/how CEACAM1 signaling may affect hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and OLT outcomes. In the mouse, donor liver CC1 null mutation augmented IRI-OLT (CC1-KO→WT) by enhancing ROS expression and HMGB1 translocation during cold storage, data supported by in vitro studies where hepatic flush from CC1-deficient livers enhanced macrophage activation in bone marrow–derived macrophage cultures. Although hepatic CC1 deficiency augmented cold stress–triggered ASK1/p-p38 upregulation, adjunctive ASK1 inhibition alleviated IRI and improved OLT survival by suppressing p-p38 upregulation, ROS induction, and HMGB1 translocation (CC1-KO→WT), whereas ASK1 silencing (siRNA) promoted cytoprotection in cold-stressed and damage-prone CC1-deficient hepatocyte cultures. Consistent with mouse data, CEACAM1 expression in 60 human donor liver biopsies correlated negatively with activation of the ASK1/p-p38 axis, whereas low CC1 levels associated with increased ROS and HMGB1 translocation, enhanced innate and adaptive immune responses, and inferior early OLT function. Notably, reduced donor liver CEACAM1 expression was identified as one of the independent predictors for early allograft dysfunction (EAD) in human OLT patients. Thus, as a checkpoint regulator of IR stress and sterile inflammation, CEACAM1 may be considered as a denominator of donor hepatic tissue quality, and a target for therapeutic modulation in OLT recipients. Full Article
ic Epigenetic driver mutations in ARID1A shape cancer immune phenotype and immunotherapy By www.jci.org Published On :: Whether mutations in cancer driver genes directly affect cancer immune phenotype and T cell immunity remains a standing question. ARID1A is a core member of the polymorphic BRG/BRM-associated factor chromatin remodeling complex. ARID1A mutations occur in human cancers and drive cancer development. Here, we studied the molecular, cellular, and clinical impact of ARID1A aberrations on cancer immunity. We demonstrated that ARID1A aberrations resulted in limited chromatin accessibility to IFN-responsive genes, impaired IFN gene expression, anemic T cell tumor infiltration, poor tumor immunity, and shortened host survival in many human cancer histologies and in murine cancer models. Impaired IFN signaling was associated with poor immunotherapy response. Mechanistically, ARID1A interacted with EZH2 via its carboxyl terminal and antagonized EZH2-mediated IFN responsiveness. Thus, the interaction between ARID1A and EZH2 defines cancer IFN responsiveness and immune evasion. Our work indicates that cancer epigenetic driver mutations can shape cancer immune phenotype and immunotherapy. Full Article
ic Complementopathies and precision medicine By www.jci.org Published On :: The renaissance of complement diagnostics and therapeutics has introduced precision medicine into a widened field of complement-mediated diseases. In particular, complement-mediated diseases (or complementopathies) with ongoing or published clinical trials of complement inhibitors include paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, cold agglutinin disease, hemolytic uremic syndrome, nephropathies, HELLP syndrome, transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, myasthenia gravis, and neuromyelitis optica. Recognizing that this field is rapidly expanding, we aim to provide a state-of-the-art review of (a) current understanding of complement biology for the clinician, (b) novel insights into complement with potential applicability to clinical practice, (c) complement in disease across various disciplines (hematology, nephrology, obstetrics, transplantation, rheumatology, and neurology), and (d) the potential future of precision medicine. Better understanding of complement diagnostics and therapeutics will not only facilitate physicians treating patients in clinical practice but also provide the basis for future research toward precision medicine in this field. Full Article
ic Specificity of bispecific T cell receptors and antibodies targeting peptide-HLA By www.jci.org Published On :: Tumor-associated peptide–human leukocyte antigen complexes (pHLAs) represent the largest pool of cell surface–expressed cancer-specific epitopes, making them attractive targets for cancer therapies. Soluble bispecific molecules that incorporate an anti-CD3 effector function are being developed to redirect T cells against these targets using 2 different approaches. The first achieves pHLA recognition via affinity-enhanced versions of natural TCRs (e.g., immune-mobilizing monoclonal T cell receptors against cancer [ImmTAC] molecules), whereas the second harnesses an antibody-based format (TCR-mimic antibodies). For both classes of reagent, target specificity is vital, considering the vast universe of potential pHLA molecules that can be presented on healthy cells. Here, we made use of structural, biochemical, and computational approaches to investigate the molecular rules underpinning the reactivity patterns of pHLA-targeting bispecifics. We demonstrate that affinity-enhanced TCRs engage pHLA using a comparatively broad and balanced energetic footprint, with interactions distributed over several HLA and peptide side chains. As ImmTAC molecules, these TCRs also retained a greater degree of pHLA selectivity, with less off-target activity in cellular assays. Conversely, TCR-mimic antibodies tended to exhibit binding modes focused more toward hot spots on the HLA surface and exhibited a greater degree of crossreactivity. Our findings extend our understanding of the basic principles that underpin pHLA selectivity and exemplify a number of molecular approaches that can be used to probe the specificity of pHLA-targeting molecules, aiding the development of future reagents. Full Article
ic Distinct immune characteristics distinguish hereditary and idiopathic chronic pancreatitis By www.jci.org Published On :: Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is considered an irreversible fibroinflammatory pancreatic disease. Despite numerous animal model studies, questions remain about local immune characteristics in human CP. We profiled pancreatic immune cell characteristics in control organ donors and CP patients including those with hereditary and idiopathic CP undergoing total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation. Flow cytometric analysis revealed a significant increase in the frequency of CD68+ macrophages in idiopathic CP. In contrast, hereditary CP samples showed a significant increase in CD3+ T cell frequency, which prompted us to investigate the T cell receptor β (TCRβ) repertoire in the CP and control groups. TCRβ sequencing revealed a significant increase in TCRβ repertoire diversity and reduced clonality in both CP groups versus controls. Interestingly, we observed differences in Vβ-Jβ gene family usage between hereditary and idiopathic CP and a positive correlation of TCRβ rearrangements with disease severity scores. Immunophenotyping analyses in hereditary and idiopathic CP pancreases indicate differences in innate and adaptive immune responses, which highlights differences in immunopathogenic mechanisms of disease among subtypes of CP. TCR repertoire analysis further suggests a role for specific T cell responses in hereditary versus idiopathic CP pathogenesis, providing insights into immune responses associated with human CP. Full Article
ic TRPV4 helps Piezo1 put the squeeze on pancreatic acinar cells By www.jci.org Published On :: Alterations in calcium signaling in pancreatic acinar cells can result in pancreatitis. Although pressure changes in the pancreas can elevate cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) levels, it is not known how transient pressure-activated elevations in calcium can cause prolonged calcium changes and consequent pancreatitis. In this issue of the JCI, Swain et al. describe roles for the mechanically activated plasma membrane calcium channels Piezo1 and transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily 4 (TRPV4) in acinar cells. The authors used genetic deletion models and cell culture systems to investigate calcium signaling. Notably, activation of the Piezo1-dependent TRPV4 pathway was independent of the cholecystokinin (CCK) stimulation pathway. These results elegantly resolve an apparent discrepancy in calcium signaling and the pathogenesis of pancreatitis in pancreatic acinar cells. Full Article