Turkey’s economy has proven remarkably resilient in the face of a challenging global economic context. However, further action can be taken to raise productivity and advance the shift to a more balanced, sustainable and stronger growth path that will boost living standards for the entire population, according to the latest OECD Economic Survey of Turkey.

This country note provides an environmental tax and carbon pricing profile for Turkey. It shows environmentally related tax revenues, taxes on energy use and effective carbon rates.

This country note presents student performance in science, reading and mathematics, and measures equity in education in Turkey. The interactive charts allow you to compare results with other countries participating in the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA).

Unemployment in Turkey has been on an upward trajectory since 2012 and it has now peaked at nearly 11.7% (February 2017). This is in sharp contrast with the OECD average, which has been falling steadily and has now reached 5.9%.

This note presents marginal effective tax rates (METRs) that summarise the tax system’s impact on the incentives to make an additional investment in a particular type of savings. By comparing METRs on different types of household savings, we can gain insights into which assets or savings types receive the most favourable treatment from the tax system.

This country note for Turkey provides detail on the proportion of CO2 emissions from energy use subject to different effective carbon rates (ECR), as well as on the level and components of average ECRs in each of the six economic sectors (road transport, off-road transport, industry, agriculture and fishing, residential & commercial, and electricity).

The digital revolution, globalisation and demographic changes are transforming labour markets at a time when policy makers are also struggling with slow productivity and wage growth and high levels of income inequality. The new OECD Jobs Strategy provides a comprehensive framework and policy recommendations to help countries address these challenges.

In view of Turkey’s continued failure to implement key aspects of the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention and to enforce its foreign bribery laws, the Working Group on Bribery will send a high-level mission to Ankara in 2020, unless Turkey takes concrete action by October 2019.

This country note explains how Turkey taxes energy use. The note shows the distribution of effective energy tax rates across all domestic energy use. It also details the country-specific assumptions made when calculating effective energy tax rates and matching tax rates to the corresponding energy base.

The tax-to-GDP ratio in Turkey decreased by 0.5 percentage points from 24.9% in 2017 to 24.4% in 2018. The corresponding figure for the OECD average was a slight increase of 0.1 percentage point from 34.2% to 34.3% over the same period.

The tax wedge for the average single worker in Turkey decreased by 0.1 percentage points from 39.2 in 2018 to 39.1 in 2019. The OECD average tax wedge in 2019 was 36.0 (2018, 36.1). In 2019 Turkey had the 16th highest tax wedge among the 36 OECD member countries, compared with the 17th in 2018.

The Netherlands, as other OECD countries, faces the challenge of providing high quality health and long term care services to an ageing population in a cost-efficient manner.

The Netherlands has strongly benefited from globalisation, which boosted international trade, cross-border investment and economic growth over the latest decades.

The GGKP’s second annual conference will be held at the OECD Headquarters in Paris on 4-5 April 2013. The discussion will be framed around two headline themes: Greening global value chains and Measurement and reporting for green growth.

This report considers the key findings from a survey on international co-operation jointly carried out by the OECD and the International Competition Network.

Competition authorities widely rely on leniency policies to detect, investigate and prosecute hard-core cartels. Jurisdictions that operate leniency programmes recognize the benefits of rewarding not only the first-in applicant who denounces the cartel but also subsequent applicants who provide useful corroboration or new evidence. This publication reviews the findings from a roundtable discussion held in October 2012.

This document contains the proceedings of a Roundtable on Vertical Restraints for On-line Sales held in the February 2013 session of the OECD Competition Committee. Discussions reviewed recent country experiences focusing on how e-commerce affects competition and what are the main vertical restraints competition issues.

The OECD welcomes the initiative by the Mexican Institute for Social Security (IMSS) to organise reverse auctions for the procurement of medicines. This is a further step forward in the fight against collusion in public procurement and the latest in a series of improvements in procurement by IMSS that have already saved the taxpayer billions of pesos.

Improving France’s competitiveness is essential to boost the economic growth needed to create jobs and allow citizens and businesses to develop their full potential, according to a new OECD report.

We understand how much Greek society has endured these past six years. Reform isn’t easy at the best of times, but it can be even more challenging in the face of a weak economy while at the same time trying to correct a budget deficit. But all crises come to an end. Growth does return. Now is the time to maintain the momentum of Greece’s reform drive, said OECD Secretary-General.

This document is a guide prepared for competition authorities to help them assess the expected impact of their activities. It provides a simple and easily-applicable methodology for determining the likely benefits that consumers will derive from the agencies’ decisions as well as suggestions on how to present the results of the assessment to ensure that these are correctly interpreted.

Globalisation has brought a much more international dimension to competition law. This paper presents evidence of the complexity of co-operation between competition agencies and the likely challenges they will encounter in the future to enforce competition law and co-operate effectively.

Third Annual Conference on the theme of "Fiscal Policies and the Green Economy Transition: Generating Knowledge – Creating Impact" held at the University of Venice from 29 through 30 January 2015. The press release is available.

The OECD’s Annual Meeting at Ministerial Level reinforced member governments’ support across a broad range of key OECD work.

Competition policy is vital for creating opportunities for small business and big industry alike. It benefits consumers by reducing prices and increasing the choice of goods and services. This joint World Bank Group-OECD event showcased countries whose pro-competition reform efforts serve as examples for their regional and international peers and introduced tools to guide the design of new and improved policies.

Paris, 19 April 2016: This capacity building workshop on ex-post evaluation of enforcement decisions by competition authorities provided capacity building to competition officials that have already been or will be involved in the ex-post evaluation of enforcement decisions.

Reforms that boost growth by enhancing economic flexibility often meet strong opposition related to concerns that they may imply adverse consequences for categories of workers. This study investigates how making product or labour market regulation more flexible changes workers’ risks of moving out of employment and jobless people’s chances of becoming employed.

This document describes and discusses a new supply side framework that quantifies the impact of structural reforms on per capita income in OECD countries.

A more open world economy brings about new opportunities, stimulates creativity and innovation. It enables poorer countries to catch up and exploits global economies of scale. But globalisation also brings challenges, as it might spread the benefits unequally among people and regions, some of which are less well positioned to seize its potential. These benefits and challenges also apply for competition policy in a globalised world.

This publication puts forward a research agenda that advocates the importance of market competition, effective market regulation, and competition policies for achieving inclusive growth and shared prosperity in emerging and developing economies. It is the result of a global partnership and shared commitment between the World Bank Group and the OECD.

Many laws and regulations set the rules for how businesses enter, operate and exit a market and competition assessments help to ensure that these regulations are not overly or inadvertently restrictive for businesses and consumers. This article looks at the tangible contributions competition assessment is making to reforms underway in Greece.

Sydney, 26 March 2018: This workshop presented the results of an OECD review of the Australian Pecuniary Penalties for Competition Law Infringements while launching a debate among Australian and international experts from a variety of backgrounds.

Competition authorities have imposed substantial fines for competition law violations over the last few decades and it is an international consensus that monetary sanctions against corporations are essential to deter anticompetitive conduct.This report compares Australia's competition sanctions regime to that of a number of other major OECD jurisdictions.

This report investigates how competition agencies can respond to the challenges posed by the multi-sided nature of platform markets, which are particularly common in the digital economy.

Seoul, 2-4 May 2018: This workshop, co-organised by the OECD-Korean Policy Centre and the International Competition Network, provided senior and chief economists with a comprehensive programme on competition economics that will include merger simulation, buyer power, big data, platforms and multi-sided markets, fundamentals of IO and Game Theory among others.

The 2018 OECD-IDB Latin American Competition Forum takes place in Buenos Aires, Argentina, on 18-19 September 2018. Discussions will focus on the informal economy in the region, industrial policy and the promotion of domestic industry and competition law and policy in Peru.

Paris, 5-6 December 2019 - Focus areas for the 2019 Global Forum are: criticism of competition authorities, competition provisions in trade agreements, merger control in dynamic markets and competition for the market and will incorporate a digital case lab.

30 Sept-1 Oct 2020 - The 3rd OECD Global Blockchain Policy Forum will address the benefits and risks of blockchain for our economies and societies, identify good policy and regulatory approaches, and investigate uses in specific policy areas.

México tiene una de las tasas más altas de obesidad: casi uno de cada tres adultos son obesos. Como consecuencia, los mexicanos viven en promedio 4,2 años menos debido al sobrepeso, la mayor reducción en esperanza de vida de todos los países analizados. Las repercusiones sobre la economía son destacables: el sobrepeso representa el 8,9% del gasto en salud.

Mexico has one of the highest rates of obesity: nearly one in three adults are obese. As a result, Mexicans live on average 4.2 years less due to overweight, the largest reductions in life expectancy of all countries analysed. The impact on the economy is large: overweight accounts for 8.9% of health expenditure; and lowers labour market outputs by the equivalent of 2.4m full time workers per year.

This country note explains how Mexico taxes energy use. The note shows the distribution of effective energy tax rates across all domestic energy use. It also details the country-specific assumptions made when calculating effective energy tax rates and matching tax rates to the corresponding energy base.

Mexico is one of the few OECD countries where gains in life expectancy have not slowed down in recent years. Nevertheless, life expectancy remains approximately five years below the OECD average. Health care expenditure comprises 5.5% of GDP, which is amongst the lowest across OECD countries. Coverage for a core set of health services in Mexico is the lowest in the OECD at 89.3%.

The tax-to-GDP ratio in Mexico did not change between 2017 and 2018. The tax-to-GDP ratio remained at 16.1%. The corresponding figure for the OECD average was a slight increase of 0.1 percentage points from 34.2% to 34.3% over the same period

The tax wedge for the average single worker in Mexico increased by 0.4 percentage points from 19.7 in 2018 to 20.1 in 2019. The OECD average tax wedge in 2019 was 36.0 (2018, 36.1). In 2019 Mexico had the 34th lowest tax wedge among the 36 OECD member countries, occupying the same position in 2018.

Mexico's tax-to-GDP ratio in 2018 (16.1%) was below the LAC average (23.1%)¹ in this year's Revenue Statistics in Latin America and the Caribbean publication by 6.9 percentage points and below the OECD average (34.3%).

High unemployment rates, in the wake of the financial and economic crisis, have governments scrambling to create jobs. A new OECD report suggests that well-targeted tax reforms can encourage employers to hire more people and the jobless to look for employment.

We no longer talk about commitments to change; today, we are making change happen. We are implementing the now universally accepted international standard of transparency and exchange of information, said OECD Secretary-General.

“Governments have signed more than 700 agreements to exchange tax information. These agreements have already yielded €14 billion in additional revenues, to 20 countries, from more than 100 000 tax payers who had hidden assets offshore.”

Tax Transparency 2011: Report on Progress, a report prepared by the Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes, was delivered to the G20 in Cannes and is now available to journalists.&

Meeting with Business Representatives on definitional and ownership issues related to transfer pricing of intangibles: 7-9 November 2011