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Stalin urges Jaishankar to secure release of T.N. fishermen in Sri Lankan Navy’s custody

By www.thehindu.com
Published On :: Tue, 12 Nov 2024 17:07:01 +0530

In his letter, Mr. Stalin sought immediate diplomatic efforts to prevent such arrests


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T.N. govt. sanctions funds to implement framework for flood protection work

By www.thehindu.com
Published On :: Tue, 12 Nov 2024 18:36:31 +0530

The funds are to be utilised for the implementation and monitoring of an environmental and social management framework for flood protection work in Chennai, Tiruvallur, Chengalpattu, and Kancheepuram districts


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TN to celebrate silver jubilee of unveiling of Tiruvalluvar statue on December 31, January 1

By www.thehindu.com
Published On :: Tue, 12 Nov 2024 19:10:10 +0530


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Kanguva cannot be released without depositing ₹20 crore: Madras High Court

By www.thehindu.com
Published On :: Tue, 12 Nov 2024 19:40:17 +0530

Justices G. Jayachandran and C.V. Karthikeyan pass the order on an application filed by the Official Assignee of the High Court


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Organic/inorganic heterostructures templated by interfacial instability-driven BCP colloids in deformable emulsion droplets

By pubs.rsc.org
Published On ::

Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8174-8180
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00921E, Communication
Yuqing Song, Nan Yan, Lingli Wan, Jingjing Li, Ye Gao
Core–shell colloids are self-assembled in emulsion droplets driven by interfacial instability, which serve as excellent scaffolds for designing organic/inorganic heterostructures.
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Ion effects on minimally hydrated polymers: hydrogen bond populations and dynamics

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Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8291-8302
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00830H, Paper
Open Access
Eman Alasadi, Carlos R. Baiz
Compared to bulk water, ions in confined environments or heterogeneous solutions can significantly disrupt hydrogen bond networks.
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Co-encapsulation of organic polymers and inorganic superparamagnetic iron oxide colloidal crystals requires matched diffusion time scales

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Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8312-8325
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00935E, Paper
Open Access
Brian K. Wilson, Robert K. Prud’homme
Composite nanoparticles co-encapsulate organic materials with inorganic primary colloids. Producing “stoichiometric NPs”, where all NPs contain organic and inorganic species at similar ratios, requires matched diffusion-aggregation time scale.
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The impact of cross-linker distribution on magnetic nanogels: encapsulation, transport and controlled release of the tracer

By pubs.rsc.org
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Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00797B, Paper
Open Access
Ivan S. Novikau, Ekaterina V. Novak, Sofia S. Kantorovich
Differences in crosslinker concentration between the core and periphery of a magnetic nanogel slow down the release of a non-magnetic cargo.
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Stochastic migrations of Marangoni surfers between two lobes of a dumbbell-shaped confinement

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Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00914B, Paper
Alakesh Upadhyaya, V. S. Akella
We report an experimental investigation on the stochastic migration dynamics of Marangoni surfers (camphor-infused paper disks) between the two lobes of a dumbbell-shaped chamber.
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Stress amplification and relaxation imaging around cracks in nanocomposite gels using ultrasound elastography

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Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00909F, Paper
H. Le Blay, T. Deffieux, L. Laiarinandrasana, M. Tanter, A. Marcellan
Stress visualization around cracks in NC gels was performed using ultrasonic elastography. Temporal and spatial mapping are performed non-invasively. Over time, the stress gradient is erased by large-scale reorganization of the polymer network.
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Drop deformation in a planar elongational flow: impact of surfactant dynamics

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Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00642A, Paper
Julian Wailliez, Paul Regazzi, Anniina Salonen, Paul G. Chen, Marc Jaeger, Marc Leonetti, Emmanuelle Rio
We measure the deformation of a drop under an extensional flow. The drop is less deformed than for a pure liquid because of the depletion of surfactants at the tips, which we attribute to the adsorption/desorption dynamics of the surfactants.
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Network interactions simultaneously enhance stiffness and lubricity of triple-network hydrogels

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Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00969J, Paper
Nabila Ali, Connor J. Demott, Olivia F. Dingus, Melissa A. Grunlan, Alison C. Dunn
Tough hydrogels with a charge-variable third network were assessed for biomimicking lubricity in both water and FBS solution.
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Long range signature of liquid's inertia in nanoscale drainage flows

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Published On ::

Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM01006J, Paper
Nathan Bigan, Mathieu Lizée, Marc Pascual, Antoine Niguès, Lydéric Bocquet, Alessandro Siria
In confinement, liquid flows are governed by a complex interplay of molecular, viscous and elastic forces.
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Microrheology of gemini surfactants at interfaces and in solutions in the dilute and semidilute regimes

By pubs.rsc.org
Published On ::

Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00860J, Paper
Mayssa Medfai, Antonio Stocco, Christophe Blanc, Maurizio Nobili, Martin In
The interface of semidilute Gemini surfactant solutions remains fluid and is less viscous than the bulk. Depletion of the viscosity near the interface plays a key role in microrheology.
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Bubble dynamics manipulation in polymeric foaming

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Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM01040J, Paper
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Lorenzo Miele, Antonio Abate, Kentaro Taki, Ernesto Di Maio
The inverse pressure quenching treatment is proposed to decouple bubble nucleation from growth, advancing our understanding of the physics governing bubble growth and evolution in polymer foaming.
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Emulsifying mechanisms of phospholipids in high-pressure homogenization of perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions

By pubs.rsc.org
Published On ::

Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8373-8384
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00828F, Paper
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Larissa J. Lubitz, Harden Rieger, Gero Leneweit
An optimized PFC/W emulsion contains 1 mM lipid per 1% (v/v) dispersed phase for an emulsifying monolayer; higher ratios result in triple layers. Low viscosity ratios ηD/ηC ≤ 5 and low PFC volume fractions lead to smaller monodisperse droplets.
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Chemo-mechanical model of cell polarization initiated by structural polarity

By pubs.rsc.org
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Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8407-8419
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00800F, Paper
Hexiang Wang, Zhimeng Jia, Yuqiang Fang
We establish a multiscale model of a cell to explore the chemomechanical mechanisms of cell polarization initiated by structural polarity. The two-dimensional vertex model is built by coupling the cytoskeletal reorganization and the Cdc42 activation.
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Bubbles and drops between circular frames: shape, force and stability analysis

By pubs.rsc.org
Published On ::

Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8420-8435
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00919C, Paper
Open Access
Friedrich Walzel, Jonathan Dijoux, Leandro Jacomine, Élodie Harle, Pierre Muller, Thierry Charitat, Wiebke Drenckhan
Combining experiments, simulations and theory, we provide a complete shape analysis of two bubbles held by circular frames in the parameter space of different frame radii, distances between frames and contact angle between bubbles (0°, 60° and 90°).
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Nanoconfinement effects on the dynamics of an ionic liquid-based electrolyte probed by multinuclear NMR

By pubs.rsc.org
Published On ::

Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8436-8445
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM01058B, Paper
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Andrei Filippov, Maiia Rudakova, Victor P. Archipov, Faiz Ullah Shah
Diffusivity is controlled by exchange of ions between “narrow” and “large” pores that results in an abnormal temperature variation. Li+ ions are solvated inside the porous glasses and their diffusivity remains slower as compared to the organic ions.
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Development of a coarse-grained molecular dynamics model for poly(dimethyl-co-diphenyl)siloxane

By pubs.rsc.org
Published On ::

Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8480-8492
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00875H, Paper
Weikang Xian, Amitesh Maiti, Andrew P. Saab, Ying Li
Polydimethylsiloxane and its copolymer systems have a wide range of application. We systematically develop a coarse-grained MD model for PDMS-co-PDPS system. The model preserves the structural and dynamic properties of the material quantitatively.
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Effective patchiness from critical points of a coarse-grained protein model with explicit shape and charge anisotropy

By pubs.rsc.org
Published On ::

Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8455-8467
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00867G, Paper
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Jens Weimar, Frank Hirschmann, Martin Oettel
Critical points of an anisotropic, coarse-grained protein model are used to detemine an “effective patchiness” by comparison to the Kern–Frenkel patchy model.
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The surface diffusivity of nanoparticles physically adsorbed at a solid–liquid interface

By pubs.rsc.org
Published On ::

Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8446-8454
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00992D, Paper
Troy Singletary, Nima Iranmanesh, Carlos E. Colosqui
This work proposes an analytical model considering the effects of hydrodynamic drag and energy barriers induced by liquid solvation forces to predict the in-plane translational diffusivity of a nanoparticle physically adsorbed on a wetted surface.
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Segregative phase separation of strong polyelectrolyte complexes at high salt and high polymer concentrations

By pubs.rsc.org
Published On ::

Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8505-8514
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00994K, Paper
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Conner H. Chee, Rotem Benharush, Lexi R. Knight, Jennifer E. Laaser
Complexes of strong polyelectrolytes prepared well above the binodal are shown to undergo hydrophobicity-driven segregative phase separation.
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Self-assembly of amphiphilic homopolymers grafted onto spherical nanoparticles: complete embedded minimal surfaces and a machine learning algorithm for their recognition

By pubs.rsc.org
Published On ::

Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8385-8394
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00616J, Paper
D. A. Mitkovskiy, A. A. Lazutin, A. L. Talis, V. V. Vasilevskaya
Amphiphilic macromolecules grafted onto spherical nanoparticles can self-assemble into morphological structures corresponding to the family of complete embedded minimal surfaces. They arise situationally, can coexist and transform into each other.
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Optimality and cooperativity in superselective surface binding by multivalent DNA nanostars

By pubs.rsc.org
Published On ::

Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8515-8523
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00704B, Paper
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Christine Linne, Eva Heemskerk, Jos W. Zwanikken, Daniela J. Kraft, Liedewij Laan
Our study shows that DNA nanostars with three binding sites (ligands) can (1) bind superselectively to surfaces based on receptor density, and (2) that interactions between ligands affect the optimum number of ligands required for superselectivity.
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Random field reconstruction of three-phase polymer structures with anisotropy from 2D-small-angle scattering data

By pubs.rsc.org
Published On ::

Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8493-8504
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00721B, Paper
Open Access
Stephen Kronenberger, Nitant Gupta, Benjamin Gould, Colin Peterson, Arthi Jayaraman
We present a computational method to analyze 2D small-angle scattering data from three-phase soft materials systems with structural anisotropy and output representative real-space structures of the three phases.
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Cell shape and orientation control galvanotactic accuracy

By pubs.rsc.org
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Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00952E, Paper
Ifunanya Nwogbaga, Brian A. Camley
We study the physical factors that control the accuracy with which elongated cells can sense the direction of an electric field, exploring whether cells are more accurate sensors when oriented parallel to the field or perpendicular to it.
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Mechanical characterization of freestanding lipid bilayers with temperature-controlled phase

By pubs.rsc.org
Published On ::

Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8524-8537
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00706A, Paper
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Arash Yahyazadeh Shourabi, Roland Kieffer, Djanick de Jong, Daniel Tam, Marie-Eve Aubin-Tam
Lipid membranes formed in a microfluidic device are studied with temperature-controlled optical tweezers, revealing how mechanical properties of ripple phase and gel-fluid phase-separated membranes change when heated above the transition temperature.
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pH and glucose dual-responsive phenylboronic acid hydrogels for smart insulin delivery

By pubs.rsc.org
Published On ::

Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM01004C, Paper
Keke Yang, Hou Bo, Dewei Ma, Mingwei Peng, Qinglong Liu, Ziwen Heng, Zhongwei Gu, Xuhan Liu, Siyuan Chen
Phenylboronic acid (PBA) is a widely exploited glucose-sensitive element for constructing glucose-responsive hydrogels to enable smart insulin delivery.
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Retraction: Self-assembled organic nanotubes embedding hydrophobic molecules within solid bilayer membranes

By pubs.rsc.org
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Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM90171A, Retraction
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Naohiro Kameta, Masumi Asakawa, Mitsutoshi Masuda, Toshimi Shimizu
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Retraction: Supramolecular organic nanotubes: how to utilize the inner nanospace and the outer space

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Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM90172J, Retraction
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Naohiro Kameta, Hiroyuki Minamikawa, Mitsutoshi Masuda
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Rolling and ordering of micro rods in shear flow induced by rod wall interactions

By pubs.rsc.org
Published On ::

Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00999A, Paper
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Martin Wittmann, Igor M. Kulić, Antonio Stocco, Juliane Simmchen
We use experiments and theoretical models to investigate the rolling and translational motion of rod-shaped micro particles close to a solid wall in the presence or absence of shear flow.
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Modeling nematic phase main-chain liquid crystal elastomer synthesis, mechanics, and thermal actuation via coarse-grained molecular dynamics

By pubs.rsc.org
Published On ::

Soft Matter, 2024, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00528G, Paper
Nicolas Herard, Raja Annapooranan, Todd Henry, Martin Kroger, Shengqiang Cai, Nicholas Boechler, Yelena Sliozberg
This paper presents a coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation study of the synthesis, mechanics, and thermal actuation of nematic phase main-chain liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs), a type of soft, temperature-responsive, polymeric...
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Enhanced gravitational trapping of bottom-heavy Janus particles over parallel microgrooves

By pubs.rsc.org
Published On ::

Soft Matter, 2024, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00989D, Paper
Yan Wen, Jiayu Liu, Wei Wang, Pik-Yin Lai, Penger Tong
We report a systematic study of barrier-crossing dynamics of bottom-heavy self-propelled particles (SPPs) over a one-dimensional periodic potential landscape $U_0(x)$, which is fabricated on a microgroove-patterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. From...
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Long-lived unidirectional flow of active particles within long narrow channels

By pubs.rsc.org
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Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00879K, Paper
Man Xu, Ying Lan, Yuehua Yang, Hongyuan Jiang
We present the dynamics of particles in a device divided into two chambers by V-shaped barriers and connected by a narrow channel. Here three distinct movement modes occur, including stochastic movement, oscillation and unidirectional flows.
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Liquid crystalline collagen assemblies as substrates for directed alignment of human Schwann cells

By pubs.rsc.org
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Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00534A, Paper
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Homa Ghaiedi, Luis Carlos Pinzon Herrera, Saja Alshafeay, Leonard Harris, Jorge Almodovar, Karthik Nayani
Collagen is a key component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and well-oriented domains of collagen are important for mimicking the local cell environment in vitro. Here, we demonstrate macroscopic alignment on collagen in 2-D substrates and 3-D hydrogels.
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Towards a universal model for the foaming behavior of surfactants: a case study on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)

By pubs.rsc.org
Published On ::

Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00931B, Paper
Muchu Zhou, Reza Foudazi
Foam fractionation offers a promising solution for the separation of surface-active contaminants from water.
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Aging iridium oxide catalyst inks: a formulation strategy to enhance ink processability for polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzers

By pubs.rsc.org
Published On ::

Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00987H, Paper
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Sunilkumar Khandavalli, Jae Hyung Park, Robin Rice, Diana Y. Zhang, Sarah A. Berlinger, Guido Bender, Deborah J. Myers, Michael Ulsh, Scott A. Mauger
Steady-shear rheology showing evolution of the microstructure of iridium oxide catalyst inks of PEM water electrolyzers with aging time.
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Morphology and line tension of twist disclinations in a nematic liquid crystal

By pubs.rsc.org
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Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM01076K, Paper
Open Access
Yihao Chen, Mina Mandić, Charlotte G. Slaughter, Michio Tanaka, James M. Kikkawa, Peter J. Collings, A. G. Yodh
This work characterizes twist disclinations in nematic liquid crystals, using confocal microscopy to measure their 3D profile and test theoretical predictions, and using magnetic fields to deform the disclinations and measure their line tension.
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Banana DNA derivatives as homeotropic alignment layers in optical devices

By pubs.rsc.org
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Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8561-8569
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00322E, Paper
Rafał Węgłowski, Anna Spadło, Dorota Węgłowska
In this study, DNA extracted from bananas was functionalized and used as a homeotropic alignment layer for liquid crystals.
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Dynamical crossovers and correlations in a harmonic chain of active particles

By pubs.rsc.org
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Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8638-8653
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00350K, Paper
Subhajit Paul, Abhishek Dhar, Debasish Chaudhuri
We explore the dynamics of a tracer in a harmonic chain of active particles, investigating the influence of interactions. Depending upon the time-scales governed by the interaction and the persistence of activity, we explore crossovers between different scaling behaviors of its dynamics.
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Revealing microscale bulk structures in polymer–carbon nanocomposites using spin-echo SANS

By pubs.rsc.org
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Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8663-8674
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00578C, Paper
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
L. V. Tiihonen, M. P. Weir, A. J. Parnell, S. C. Boothroyd, D. W. Johnson, R. M. Dalgliesh, M. Bleuel, C. P. Duif, W. G. Bouwman, R. L. Thompson, K. S. Coleman, N. Clarke, W. A. Hamilton, A. L. Washington, S. R. Parnell
Spin-echo small-angle neutron scattering (SESANS) revealed structure in polymer–carbon nanocomposites over multiple length scales with unprecedented range (10 nm–16 μm). Data from two SESANS instruments and other methods were analysed with SasView.
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Model predictive control of non-interacting active Brownian particles

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Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8581-8588
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00902A, Paper
Titus Quah, Kevin J. Modica, James B. Rawlings, Sho C. Takatori
Model predictive control is used to guide the spatiotemporal distribution of active Brownian particles by forecasting future states and optimizing control inputs to achieve tasks like dividing a population into two groups.
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Pickering emulsions for stimuli-responsive transdermal drug delivery: effect of rheology and microstructure on performance

By pubs.rsc.org
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Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8621-8637
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00993B, Paper
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Simona Migliozzi, Yiting He, Maryam Parhizkar, Yang Lan, Panagiota Angeli
Elucidating the impact of microgels attributes on the microstructure, rheology and functionality of Pickering emulsions.
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Enhanced chemotaxis efficiency of Escherichia coli in viscoelastic solutions

By pubs.rsc.org
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Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8675-8683
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM01094A, Paper
Shaoying Zhu, Rui He, Caijuan Yue, Rongjing Zhang, Junhua Yuan
E. coli shows enhanced chemotaxis in viscoelastic media, with faster migration and higher accumulation in attractant-rich areas compared to Newtonian conditions.
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Confined bicontinuous microemulsions: nanoscale dynamics of the surfactant film

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Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8692-8701
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00925H, Paper
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Margarethe Dahl, Olaf Holderer, René Haverkamp, Ingo Hoffmann, Kathleen Wood, Jessica Hübner, Thomas Hellweg, Stefan Wellert
A confined bicontinuous C10E4–D2O–n-octane microemulsion is studied using neutron spin echo spectroscopy (NSE). The pore size of the confining matrices determines the dynamics of the confined bicontinuous microemulsion.
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Hydrophobic fouling-resistant electrospun nanofiber membranes from poly(vinylidene fluoride)/polyampholyte blends

By pubs.rsc.org
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Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8654-8662
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00817K, Paper
Anuja S. Jayasekara, Luca Mazzaferro, Ryan O’Hara, Ayse Asatekin, Peggy Cebe
This study reports the fabrication of non-woven fibrous membranes from electrospinning blended solutions of PVDF with a random polyampholyte amphiphilic copolymer (r-PAC) in N,N-dimethylformamide and methanol.
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Entropically and enthalpically driven self-assembly of a naphthalimide-based luminescent organic π-amphiphile in water

By pubs.rsc.org
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Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8684-8691
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00986J, Paper
Sk Mursed Ali, Sujauddin Sk, Shuvajyoti Sarkar, Sayani Das, Nayim Sepay, Mijanur Rahaman Molla
Entropically and enthalpically favourable vesicular self-assembly of a naphthalimide based water soluble luminescent organic dipolar building block is reported.
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Extended kinetic theory applied to pressure-controlled shear flows of frictionless spheres between rigid, bumpy planes

By pubs.rsc.org
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Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8702-8715
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00831F, Paper
Open Access
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Dalila Vescovi, Astrid S. de Wijn, Graham L. W. Cross, Diego Berzi
We perform discrete simulations of steady, pressure-imposed, heterogeneous flows of frictionless spheres sheared between parallel bumpy planes, and use the results to test the predictions of the extended kinetic theory of granular gases.
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Structure affinity of the Langmuir monolayer and the corresponding Langmuir–Blodgett film revealed by X-ray techniques

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Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8601-8609
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM01050G, Paper
Alvina V. Alexandrova, Maxim A. Shcherbina, Yuriy L. Repchenko, Yuriy M. Selivantiev, Alexander V. Shokurov, Vladimir V. Arslanov, Sofiya L. Selektor
Using X-ray techniques, crown-substituted chromoionophore Langmuir–Blodgett films were proved to preserve the fine structure and functional features of pre-organized monolayers.
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