A public-form notarial act is a document drafted by a notary that contains the entire notarial act. It is narrated from the notary’s perspective and includes all the details and circumstances of the act. All Spanish notarial acts are in public form (documents elevados a público). In England and Wales, notarial acts are usually in […]

How should you translate into English the terms de una parte and de otra parte that you find at the start of Spanish contracts?   What’s the job of de una parte and de otra parte in a Spanish contract? If you’ve read a couple of Spanish contracts, this seems obvious. But there is a […]

This post looks at the main public registers (registros) in Spain. It outlines what they are for and lists common translations and similar entities in English-speaking countries. Whether each registro is more a list or a place (or both) is also covered. This key distinction (described in this post) can affect the translation or at […]

L'EDITO DE FOG. Trump, rempart contre l'ideologie des elites. En France, une partie de la classe politique, en pleine deconstruction, serait-elle en train de pratiquer l'<< ablation de la memoire >>, selon la formule de Philippe de Villiers ?

CHRONIQUE. Les accusations de << genocide >> contre Israel se multiplient, revelant la derive antisioniste d'une partie de la gauche radicale.

Yo soy un gran lector. Desde pequeño me ha fascinado la literatura y, por eso, siempre ando buscando ideas para leer. A veces llego a […]

Origen

These days, commodity-off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware and software are used to build high-end and powerful workstations and servers to be deployed in today's local area networks of private homes and small- to medium-sized business. Typically, these servers are multipurpose and shared - running networking functionalities involving IP packet forwarding in addition to other CPU intensive applications. In this paper we study and investigate the impact of running CPU-bound applications on the performance of IP packet forwarding. We measure and compare the impact and performance for the two operating systems of choice for home and small-business users, namely Linux and Windows XP. The performance is studied in terms of key performance metrics which include throughput, packet loss, round-trip delay, and CPU availability. For our measurements, we consider today's typical home network hosts of modern processors and Gigabit network cards. We also consider different configuration setups and utilize open-source tools to generate relatively high traffic rates. Our empirical results show that Linux exhibits superior performance over Windows XP in terms of IP forwarding performance. Results also show that, unlike Windows XP, the IP forwarding performance of Linux is not significantly impacted by running CPU-bound applications.

In this paper a line detection and segmentation technique is presented. The proposed technique is an improved version of an older one. The experiments have been performed on the training dataset of the ICDAR 2009 handwriting segmentation contest in order to be able to compare, objectively, the performance of the two techniques. The improvement between the older and newer version is more than 24% while the average extra CPU time cost is less than 200 ms per page.

This work describes an online handwritten character recognition system working in combination with an offline recognition system. The online input data is also converted into an offline image, and in parallel recognized by both online and offline strategies. Features are proposed for offline recognition and a disambiguation step is employed in the offline system for the samples for which the confidence level of the classier is low. The outputs are then combined probabilistically resulting in a classier out-performing both individual systems. Experiments are performed for Kannada, a South Indian Language, over a database of 295 classes. The accuracy of the online recognizer improves by 11% when the combination with offline system is used.

In this paper we introduce eXVisXML, a visual tool to explore documents annotated with the mark-up language XML, in order to easily perform over them tasks as knowledge extraction or document engineering.

eXVisXML was designed mainly for two kind of users. Those who want to analyze an annotated document to explore the information contained-for them a visual inspection tool can be of great help, and a slicing functionality can be an effective complement.

The other target group is composed by document engineers who might be interested in assessing the quality of the annotation created. This can be achieved through the measurements of some parameters that will allow to compare the elements and attributes of the DTD/Schema against those effectively used in the document instances.

Both functionalities and the way they were delineated and implemented will be discussed along the paper.

In this paper, we propose a novel dexterous technique for fast and accurate recognition of online handwritten Kannada and Tamil characters. Based on the primary classifier output and prior knowledge, the best classifier is chosen from set of three classifiers for second stage classification. Prior knowledge is obtained through analysis of the confusion matrix of primary classifier which helped in identifying the multiple sets of confused characters. Further, studies were carried out to check the performance of secondary classifiers in disambiguating among the confusion sets. Using this technique we have achieved an average accuracy of 92.6% for Kannada characters on the MILE lab dataset and 90.2% for Tamil characters on the HP Labs dataset.

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) face new challenges in the global market as customers require more complete and flexible solutions and continue to drastically reduce the number of suppliers. SMEs are trying to address these challenges through cooperation within collaborative enterprise networks (CENs). Human aspects constitute a fundamental issue in these networks as people, as opposed to organizations or Information Technology (IT) systems, cooperate. Since there is a lack of empirical studies on the role of human factors in IT-supported collaborative enterprise networks, this paper addresses the major human aspects encountered in this type of organization. These human aspects include trust issues, knowledge and know-how sharing, coordination and planning activities, and communication and mutual understanding, as well as their influence on the business processes of CENs supported by IT tools. This paper empirically proves that these aspects constitute key factors for the success or the failure of CENs. Two case studies performed on two different CENs in Switzerland are presented and the roles of human factors are identified with respect to the IT support systems. Results show that specific human factors, namely trust and communication and mutual understanding have to be well addressed in order to design and develop adequate software solutions for CENs.

This work describes a methodology that supports the design and implementation of software modules, which represent the individual and collaborative three-dimensional interaction process phases. The presented methodology integrates three modeling approaches: Petri Nets, a collaborative manipulation model based on the combination of single user interaction techniques taxonomy, and object-oriented programming concepts. The combination of these elements allows for the description of interaction tasks, the sequence of interaction processes being controlled by Petri Nets with the codes generated automatically. By the integration of these approaches, the present work addresses not only the entire development cycle of both individual and collaborative three-dimensional interaction, but also the reuse of developed interaction blocks in new virtual environment projects.

This paper systematically discusses the security and privacy concerns for e-learning systems. A five-layer architecture of e-learning system is proposed. The security and privacy concerns are addressed respectively for five layers. This paper further examines the relationship among the security and privacy policy, the available security and privacy technology, and the degree of e-learning privacy and security. The digital identity attributes are introduced to e-learning portable devices to enhance the security and privacy of e-learning systems. This will provide significant contributions to the knowledge of e-learning security and privacy research communities and will generate more research interests.

This paper puts forward a verification method for compound purposes and compound reasons to be used during purpose limitation.

When it is absolutely necessary to collect privacy related information, it is essential that privacy enhancing technologies (PETs) protect access to data - in general accomplished by using the concept of purposes bound to data. Compound purposes and reasons are an enhancement of purposes used during purpose limitation and binding and are more expressive than purposes in their general form. Data users specify their access needs by making use of compound reasons which are defined in terms of (compound) purposes. Purposes are organised in a lattice with purposes near the greatest lower bound (GLB) considered weak (less specific) and purposes near the least upper bound (LUB) considered strong (most specific).

Access is granted based on the verification of the statement of intent (from the data user) against the compound purpose bound to the data; however, because purposes are in a lattice, the data user is not limited to a statement of intent that matches the purposes bound to the data exactly - the statement can be a true reflection of their intent with the data. Hence, the verification of compound reasons against compound purposes cannot be accomplished by current published verification algorithms.

Before presenting the verification method, compound purposes and reasons, as well as the structures used to represent them, and the operators that are used to define compounds is presented. Finally, some thoughts on implementation are provided.

Interactive video is increasingly becoming a more and more dominant feature of our media platforms. Especially due to the popular YouTube annotations framework, integrating graphical annotations in a video has become very fashionable these days. However, the current options are limited to a few graphical shapes for which the user can define as good as no dynamic behaviour. Despite the enormous demand for easy-creatable, interactive video there are no such advanced tools available.

In this article we describe an innovative approach, to realize dynamics and interactivity of video annotations. First we explain basic concepts of video-markup like the generic element model and visual descriptors. After that we introduce the event-tree model, which can be used to define event-handling in an interactive video formally as well as visually. By combining these basic concepts, we can give an effective tool to the video community for realizing interactive and dynamic video in a simple, intuitive and focused way.

Online communities and institutions create new spaces for interaction, but also open new avenues for the emergence of grievances, claims, and disputes. Consequently, online dispute resolution (ODR) procedures are core to these new online worlds. But can ODR mechanisms provide sufficient levels of reputation, trust, and enforceability for it to become mainstream? This contribution introduces the new approaches to ODR and provides a description of the design and structure of Ontomedia, a web-based platform to facilitate online mediation in different domains.

Using pre-existing software components (COTS) to develop software systems requires the composition and adaptation of the component interfaces to solve mismatch problems. These mismatches may appear at different interoperability levels (signature, behavioural, quality of service and semantic). In this article, we define an approach which supports composition and adaptation of software components based on model transformation by taking into account the four levels. Signature and behavioural levels are addressed by means of transition systems. Context-awareness and semanticbased techniques are used to tackle quality of service and semantic, respectively, but also both consider the signature level. We have implemented and validated our proposal for the design and application of realistic and complex systems. Here, we illustrate the need to support the variability of the adaptation process in a context-aware pervasive system through a real-world case study, where software components are implemented using Windows Workflow Foundation (WF). We apply our model transformation process to extract transition systems (CA-STS specifications) from WF components. These CA-STSs are used to tackle the composition and adaptation. Then, we generate a CASTS adaptor specification, which is transformed into its corresponding WF adaptor component with the purpose of interacting with all the WF components of the system, thereby avoiding mismatch problems.

One important subject associated with personal authentication capabilities is the analysis of handwritten signatures. Among the many known techniques, algorithms based on linguistic formalisms are also possible. However, such techniques require a number of algorithms for intelligent image analysis to be applied, allowing the development of new solutions in the field of personal authentication and building modern security systems based on the advanced recognition of such patterns. The article presents the approach based on the usage of syntactic methods for the static analysis of handwritten signatures. The graph linguistic formalisms applied, such as the IE graph and ETPL(k) grammar, are characterised by considerable descriptive strength and a polynomial membership problem of the syntactic analysis. For the purposes of representing the analysed handwritten signatures, new hierarchical (two-layer) HIE graph structures based on IE graphs have been defined. The two-layer graph description makes it possible to take into consideration both local and global features of the signature. The usage of attributed graphs enables the storage of additional semantic information describing the properties of individual signature strokes. The verification and recognition of a signature consists in analysing the affiliation of its graph description to the language describing the specimen database. Initial assessments display a precision of the method at a average level of under 75%.

E-mail spam is no more garbage but risk since it recently includes virus attachments and spyware agents which make the recipients' system ruined, therefore, there is an emerging need for spam detection. Many spam detection techniques based on machine learning techniques have been proposed. As the amount of spam has been increased tremendously using bulk mailing tools, spam detection techniques should counteract with it. To cope with this, parameters optimization and feature selection have been used to reduce processing overheads while guaranteeing high detection rates. However, previous approaches have not taken into account feature variable importance and optimal number of features. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, there is no approach which uses both parameters optimization and feature selection together for spam detection. In this paper, we propose a spam detection model enabling both parameters optimization and optimal feature selection; we optimize two parameters of detection models using Random Forests (RF) so as to maximize the detection rates. We provide the variable importance of each feature so that it is easy to eliminate the irrelevant features. Furthermore, we decide an optimal number of selected features using two methods; (i) only one parameters optimization during overall feature selection and (ii) parameters optimization in every feature elimination phase. Finally, we evaluate our spam detection model with cost-sensitive measures to avoid misclassification of legitimate messages, since the cost of classifying a legitimate message as a spam far outweighs the cost of classifying a spam as a legitimate message. We perform experiments on Spambase dataset and show the feasibility of our approaches.

Ontology evaluation is an integral and important part of the ontology development process. Errors in ontologies could be catastrophic for the information system based on those ontologies. As per our experiments, the existing ontology evaluation systems were unable to detect many errors (like, circulatory error in class and property hierarchy, common class and property in disjoint decomposition, redundancy of sub class and sub property, redundancy of disjoint relation and disjoint knowledge omission) as defined in the error taxonomy. We have formulated efficient algorithms for the evaluation of these and other errors as per the extended error taxonomy. These algorithms are implemented (named as OntEval) and the implementations are used to evaluate well-known ontologies including Gene Ontology (GO), WordNet Ontology and OntoSem. The ontologies are indexed using a variant of already proposed scheme Ontrel. A number of errors and warnings in these ontologies have been discovered using the OntEval. We have also reported the performance of our implementation, OntEval.

Depuis quelques années, la théorie du grand remplacement, popularisée par Michel Houellbecq dans Soumissions ou par un Eric Zemmour, a fait son chemin dans les arcanes les moins visibles du Net. Pourtant, le danger n’est pas là, loin s’en faut, il est...

Billet par Vincent Grenier. Il faut regarder cet extrait vidéo. Cela se passe devant nos futurs polytechniciens. Laurent Alexandre (heureux startuper millionnaire et apôtre du transhumanisme) nous explique pourquoi "les gilets jaunes sont des êtres substituables",...

Je n’avais pas vu venir cette analyse de haut vol de l’ancien Président de la République et l’ancien Premier Secrétaire du Pati Socialiste, je cite « La reconquête des classes populaires est donc, pour la gauche, un impératif démocratique ». Je salue...

Serbie : des manifestants demandent la démission du gouvernement après le drame de Novi Sad

Climat : la justice néerlandaise donne raison à Shell face aux ONG

Le chef de l'Église anglicane démissionne en raison de sa gestion d'un scandale d'abus sexuels

This research explores vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) and their extensive applications, such as enhancing traffic efficiency, infotainment, and passenger safety. Despite significant study, widespread deployment of VANETs has been hindered by security and privacy concerns. Challenges in implementation, including scalability, flexibility, poor connection, and insufficient intelligence, have further complicated VANETs. This study proposes leveraging cloud computing to address these challenges, marking a paradigm shift. Cloud computing, recognised for its cost-efficiency and virtualisation, is integrated with VANETs. The paper details the nomenclature, architecture, models, services, applications, and challenges of VANET-based cloud computing. Three architectures for VANET clouds - vehicular clouds (VCs), vehicles utilising clouds (VuCs), and hybrid vehicular clouds (HVCs) - are discussed in detail. The research provides an overview, delves into related work, and explores VANET cloud computing's architectural frameworks, models, and cloud services. It concludes with insights into future work and a comprehensive conclusion.

Improving website structures is the main task of a website designer. In recent years, numerous web engineering researchers have investigated navigation recommendation systems. Page recommendation systems are critical for mobile website navigation. Accordingly, we propose a smart and adaptive navigation recommendation system based on reinforcement learning. In this system, user navigation history is used as the input for reinforcement learning model. The model calculates a surf value for each page of the website; this value is used to rank the pages. On the basis of this ranking, the website structure is modified to shorten the user navigation path length. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed system. The results revealed that user navigation paths could be decreased by up to 50% with training on 12 months of data, indicating that users could more easily find a target web page with the help of the proposed adaptive navigation recommendation system.

1. Diabète : trois grands rendez-vous à Nîmes cette semaine  Midi Libre
2. Journée mondiale du diabète : un dépistage gratuit près du Havre ce jeudi 14 novembre  actu.fr
3. Orange. Des actions pour la journée du diabète et le mois sans tabac  Le Dauphiné Libéré
4. Santé - Diabète et bien-être : une journée de prévention organisée à Guéret  La Montagne

1. Voici ce qui se passe dans le corps quand on arrête de fumer  L'édition du soir
2. PODCAST : Comment le Mois sans tabac peut-il éviter 28.000 cancer d'ici 2050?  BFMTV
3. Comment réussir à arrêter de fumer ?  France Bleu
4. Bagnères-de-Bigorre. Le mois sans tabac, c’est ce jeudi à Bagnères  La Dépêche du Midi
5. Mois sans tabac : 12 années de vie gagnées, 94 millions d'euros annuels économisés... Pourquoi c'est une réussite  RTL

1. Vendée Globe. Coup dur pour Clarisse Crémer : elle a perdu son grand gennaker  Voiles et Voiliers
2. Vendée Globe : «J’ai un peu honte», la tuile pour Clarisse Crémer qui perd sa voile principale dans l’océan  Le Figaro
3. Vendée Globe : Crémer a perdu sa grande voile  Toute l'actualité sportive sur Orange
4. VIDÉO. Vendée Globe : « Les gestes techniques de Clacla », Crémer se console après son avarie  Ouest-France
5. Vendée Globe 2024 : Clarisse Crémer perd sa plus grande voile au large du Portugal  Le Journal des Sables

1. Carlos Alcaraz - Andrey Rublev en direct: ATP Finals - Tennis  Eurosport FR
2. Carlos Alcaraz - Andrey Rublev, ATP Finals, Masters (Turin), Groupe John Newcombe, Mercredi 13 novembre 2024  L'Équipe
3. PRONOS PARIS RMC Le pari sûr d’Eric Salliot du 13 novembre – Tennis - Masters  RMC Sport
4. EN DIRECT - Alcaraz-Rublev : Alcaraz prend le premier set  Le Figaro
5. Pronostic Carlos Alcaraz - Andrey Rublev, ATP Finals  SportyTrader

1. XV de France – Antoine Dupont bien là, Thibaud Flament itou : la compo probable des Bleus pour la Nouvelle-Zélande  Rugbyrama
2. Bleus : Maxime Lamothe et Giorgi Beria appelés pour préparer le match de l'équipe de France contre les All Blacks  L'Équipe
3. XV de France : Dupont et Flament titulaires contre les All Blacks, Jalibert libéré ?  Le Figaro
4. Rugby : Giorgi Beria, le pilier gauche de l’USAP, appelé avec le XV de France pour préparer le choc contre les All Blacks  L'Indépendant
5. XV de France : Fabien Galthié rappelle deux joueurs à quelques jours du choc face aux All Blacks  La Dépêche du Midi

1. La PS5 Slim avec lecteur de disque est de retour à prix réduit avec ce code promo spécial Black Friday  Frandroid
2. Les scalpers surestiment l’engouement pour la PS5 Pro et se retrouvent avec une console invendable  jeuxvideo.com
3. Test de la PS5 Pro : la nouvelle console de Sony est-elle faite pour vous ?  Frandroid
4. Test PS5 Pro : un tournant pour les consoles de jeu  Canard PC
5. La meilleure offre pour acheter la PS5 Pro dès son lancement !  Midi Libre

1. Météo : jusqu’à quand le premier épisode de froid va-t-il durer ?  CNEWS
2. Météo : alerte à la vague de froid, la neige va tomber dans tous ces départements  Linternaute.com
3. Semaine prochaine : risque d'intempéries après 15 jours de calme  La Chaîne Météo
4. Qu'est-ce qu'une "goutte froide", phénomène météo qui touche la France cette semaine ?  Yahoo Actualités
5. Météo. Les premiers flocons sont tombés dans l’Ain  Le Progrès

1. Premiers résultats de la grande enquête nationale « Contexte des sexualités en France 2023  Inserm (salle de presse)
2. La sexualité des Français a connu de gros changements en dix ans  L'Union
3. Plus de partenaires, pratiques variées, numérique... Une grande étude dévoile les dessous de la sexualité...  BFMTV
4. La vie sexuelle des Français, une journée spéciale sur France Inter, jeudi 14 novembre 2024  France Inter

1. What is walking pneumonia? As cases rise in Canada, the symptoms to look out for  The Globe and Mail
2. Walking pneumonia on the rise in Kingston, but treatable  The Kingston Whig-Standard
3. What parents need to know about walking pneumonia in kids  FingerLakes1.com
4. Pediatric pneumonia is surging in Central Ohio  MSN
5. Walking Pneumonia is spiking right now. How do you know you have it?  CBS 6 News Richmond WTVR

1. Hiking with a backpack is the workout of 2024. An exercise scientist says it’s worth the extra effort  The Globe and Mail
2. Military-Inspired Workout Has 'Huge Wins' for Women, Says Personal Trainer  MSN
3. How Rucking Can Turn Your Walks into a Full-Body Workout  Verywell Health
4. What Is Rucking and Is It Better Than Regular Walking? Here's What Personal Trainers Say  EatingWell
5. Rucking: Why It’s a Great Workout & How to Get Started  Athletech News

1. Bev Priestman out at Canada Soccer in wake of Olympic drone-spying scandal  CTV News
2. Canada Soccer’s drone-spying redactions tell us a whole lot of nothing while it waits out the rage clock  The Globe and Mail
3. Key findings from Sonia Regenbogen's independent review into Olympic drone-spying  CP24
4. What comes next in Canada Soccer drone-scandal investigation?  Sportsnet.ca

1. Senators make short work of listless Leafs in a flat Battle of Ontario  The Globe and Mail
2. Tavares on Maple Leafs’ lifeless loss to Senators: ‘We should be disappointed’  Sportsnet.ca
3. Ullmark records first shutout of season as Senators smother Maple Leafs  TSN
4. TAKEAWAYS: Ottawa Senators draw first blood in Battle of Ontario  Ottawa Citizen
5. Wednesday FTB: Lose to the Sens, why not?  Pension Plan Puppets

Running and longevity: Sub-four-minute milers increase their lifespan by up to 9 years  Genetic Literacy Project

1. Struggling DNA-testing site 23andMe to lay off 40% of its workers  BBC.com
2. 23andMe lays off 40% of its workforce, ends therapeutics division  CBC.ca
3. Genetic testing firm 23andMe cuts 40% of its workforce amid financial struggles  The Guardian
4. 23andMe reports sales decline a day after announcing plans to cut 40% of workforce  CNBC
5. 23andMe warns of ‘substantial doubt’ over its survival without new funding  Financial Times