A system and device for welding training. In one example, a welding training system includes a display configured to show welding features related to a training welding operation. The system also includes a training workpiece having a substantially transparent weld joint configured to be placed adjacent to the display during the training welding operation. The system includes a processing device coupled to the display and configured to provide welding data relating to the training welding operation to the display. The system also includes a training torch comprising an optical sensor. The training torch is coupled to the processing device and configured to provide the processing device with data from the optical sensor corresponding to a position of the training torch relative to the training workpiece.

A preloadable side bearing for railroad cars having a mass of hard elastomeric material on a base adapted for attachment to a supporting surface, such as the truck bolster of a railroad car with provision for an initial reduction in the overall height of the bearing in response to preloading forces and to then absorb substantial loading forces with resulting compressive depression of the mass and wherein the mass is formed of a material such as polyurethane.

A line length remainder and justification indicator device for use with a line composing machine in which the device employs a continuously rotating drum having preselected values of line remainder and justification information indicated thereon. A controlled intermittent flash illuminates only the desired information.

Type composing apparatus is disclosed as including means for representing its binary code a series of characters, means for generating a relative width value for each character, means for representing a succession of point size factors, one for each character, and means for multiplying a relative width value assigned to each character by a point size factor for that character. The means for multiplying associated pairs of relative width values and point size factors is disclosed as comprising a memory having stored therein products of relative width values and point size factors. Means are shown for addressing and extracting from the memory an adjusted width value and point size factor. The means for generating a relative width value for each character is depicted as including a read-only integrated circuit memory having permanently stored therein at mutually exclusive addresses a relative width value for each of the characters. One embodiment of a photocomposing machine is disclosed.

A stamping die holder comprises a tube of noncircular e.g., square cross-section, having die receiving transverse openings at one end, a clamp of correlative non-circular cross-section slidable in the tube adjacent the die openings for holding a die means in the openings, a screw engaging a thread on the clamp to move the clamp to and from die engaging position, the head of the screw being captured between two apertured plates held in the tube, the screw extending through the aperture in one plate and the aperture in the other plate providing access for a socket wrench to engage a socket in the screw head to turn the screw and move the clamp. The clamp has a hard rubber face providing enough resiliency to maintain tightness while at the same time preventing wobble of the die means. Hammer actuated stamping dies carrying letter or other metal marking indicia may be held in the holder, e.g., dies for identification of inspected welded material.

PCT No. PCT/DE96/01067 Sec. 371 Date Jun. 17, 1998 Sec. 102(e) Date Jun. 17, 1998 PCT Filed Jun. 17, 1996 PCT Pub. No. WO97/16777 PCT Pub. Date May 9, 1997For regulating the pressure in a pressure chamber, in particular in a pneumatic brake apparatus for a web-type recording medium, an actual pressure is set in the pressure chamber dependent on an actual angle of rotation of a rotary valve. The actual angle of rotation of the rotary valve and the actual pressure in the pressure chamber are acquired. A target pressure and a target angle of rotation allocated to this target pressure are predetermined, and a pressure deviation between the actual pressure and the target pressure are determined, as is a deviation of the angle of rotation between the actual angle of rotation and the target angle of rotation. An adjusting unit sets the angle of rotation at the rotary valve, first dependent on the deviation of the angle of rotation and then dependent on the pressure deviation. Furthermore, a sensor for acquiring the angle of rotation is specified.

A mounting structure 10 having improved stiffness characteristics. The mounting structure 10 includes a pillar 14 which forms a portion of a vehicle body 12 and which operatively supports a vehicle door which is selectively attached to the pillar 14 by hinges 16. The structure 10 includes a pair of “closed-loop” beads which are formed around hinges 16, and which increase the stiffness characteristics of the pillar 14 and of the vehicle door.

The invention relates to an assemblage of two pieces of bodywork (1, 2) each having a flange (5, 6) for pressing against the flange of the other piece. Each flange carries at least one tongue (11, 12) extending towards the other piece. A fastener member (20) is suitable for engaging around the tongues so to prevent them from moving relative to one another once said two pieces of bodywork are in a predetermined position in which they are united flange against flange. The invention also provides the pieces of bodywork constituting said assemblage.

Secure access to a database of upgrade data is provided by storing an encryption key value in a cable used to interconnect a first device and a second device that is associated with the database of upgrade data. The second device allows access to the database of upgrade data via the cable only when the cable is first positively authenticated by the second device through use of the encryption key value stored in the cable.

A printing device is provided with a print die storage rack, a pickup head, a print head, and a printing surface. The print die storage rack is adapted to hold a multitude of print dies. The pickup head is provided to move one or more print dies to and from the storage rack and the print head. The print head is adapted to hold one or more print dies and move them between the pickup head and the printing surface. The printing surface is provided to hold and secure print media. The device is capable of any form of printing, embossing, debossing, foil stamping and the like. A method of printing is also provided.

One embodiment relates to a feedback receiver (FBR). The FBR includes a FBR signal input configured to receive a radio frequency (RF) signal, a first local oscillator (LO) signal input configured to receive a first LO signal having an LO frequency, and a second LO signal input configured to receive a second LO signal having the LO frequency. The second LO signal is phase shifted by approximately 90° relative to the first LO signal. FBR also includes a divider that induces a time-varying phase shift in the first and second LO signals while concurrently retaining a 90° phase shift between the first and second LO signals.

An apparatus and a method of compensating for an I/Q imbalance in a direct up-conversion system prevents the performance of the system from being deteriorated by efficiently compensating for an I/Q timing skew, an I/Q phase imbalance, and an I/Q gain imbalance by using a characteristic of an OFDM scheme in an Orthogonal Frequency Domain Multiple (Access) (OFDM(A)) system using a direct up-conversion scheme. According to the apparatus and the method of compensating for an I/Q imbalance in the direct up-conversion system of the present invention, an OFDM(A) system using a direct up-conversion scheme may efficiently compensate for I/Q timing skew, I/Q phase imbalance, and I/Q gain imbalance by using a characteristic of an OFDMA scheme, so that a performance of the system is prevented from being deteriorated.

A method of transmitting a training signal in a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) system includes generating one or more first training signals for a first destination station and one or more second training signals for a second destination station by applying a mapping matrix P to a training signal generation sequence, mapping the first training signals and the second training signals to a plurality of antennas according to an antenna mapping matrix, and performing Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) on each of the first training signals and the second training signals mapped to the plurality of antennas and transmitting the training signals through the plurality of antennas.

The disclosure provides a method and device for retransmitting data under antenna gain imbalance, and the method includes: determining that gains of multiple antennas at a transmission terminal are imbalanced; using a better spatial sub-channel in the multiple antennas to retransmit data when streams transmitted by the multiple antennas adopt a same Modulation and Coding Scheme; and using a better spatial sub-channel in the multiple antennas to retransmit data and/or using a single-stream approach to retransmit data when the streams transmitted by the multiple antennas adopt different Modulation and Coding Schemes. The disclosure selects a corresponding retransmission approach according to the condition of a spatial sub-channel on which streams have an error, thus improving and ensuring success rate for retransmitting a stream.

In an angle modulated radio transmitter, the total power is the same when modulated or unmodulated. Angle modulation produces multiple sideband pairs. The power in the sidebands is derived from the carrier. When a complex modulating waveform is used, the power (and therefore the amplitude) of the carrier varies. A system and method is provided for dramatically minimizing, to nearly zero, the bandwidth needed to transmit digital information using sideband suppression of angle modulated signals. The systems described use various techniques to suppress sideband pairs, leaving the carrier signal. The amplitude variations of the carrier are used to convey information. In some examples, techniques are used to filter and/or phase out one or more sideband pairs, leaving the carrier signal.

This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus for receiving paging messages in fast fading scenarios. In one aspect, a method of demodulating a paging message during an assigned time slot by a wireless communications apparatus operating in an idle mode is provided. The method includes determining, in anticipation of the assigned time slot, an expected time position corresponding to a path of a pilot signal having a greater signal strength relative to other pilot signals. The method further includes assigning a first demodulation element to demodulate the pilot signal with reference to the expected time position and assigning a second demodulation element to demodulate the pilot signal with reference to a time offset from the expected time position. Other aspects, embodiments, and features are also claimed and described.

A demodulator processes a continuous-time signal to generate at a plurality of encoded bits. An inner decoder processes a first subset of bits within the plurality of encoded bits to correct selected ones of the first subset of bits to form a corrected first subset of bits and to generate partially corrected data from the plurality of encoded bits based on the corrected first subset of bits. An outer decoder processes the partially decoded data, to correct selected ones of a second subset of the plurality of encoded bits to form a corrected second subset of bits. A bit combiner generates data estimates by combining the corrected first subset of bits and the corrected second subset of bits.

A communication apparatus with a multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) channel, includes a minimum mean square error (MMSE) detector configured to estimate quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) symbols based on signals received through the MIMO channel. The apparatus further includes a QAM demodulator configured to demodulate the estimated QAM symbols, and estimate a first posterior probability of each of encoded bits of the estimated QAM symbols, and a first module configured to remove a first prior probability of each of the encoded bits from the first posterior probability to generate soft estimates of the encoded bits. The apparatus further includes a channel decoder configured to decode the encoded bits based on the soft estimates, and generate an improved posterior probability of each of the encoded bits, and a second module configured to generate a second prior probability of each of the encoded bits based on the improved posterior probability.

A digital broadcasting receiving system is provided. A receiving module receives an M number of symbols each carrying an N number of subcarriers of a control signal. A converting module performs FFT on respective kth subcarriers of an ith symbol and an (i+1)th symbol to generate an (i, k)th converted value and an (i+1, k)th converted value. A demodulating module performs differential demodulation on the (i, k)th and (i+1, k)th converted values to generate an (i, k)th demodulation value. A combining module soft-combines the (i, 1)th demodulation value through the (i, N)th demodulation value to generate an ith prediction value corresponding to the ith symbol. A determining module identifies a synchronization segment in the control signal according to the 1st prediction value to the (M−1)th prediction value.

In one embodiment, interference suppression is improved by improving convergence criteria. For some embodiments, convergence is improved by employing non-constant alpha-beta-weighting. For other embodiments, convergence is improved by employing successive interference suppression methods that have guaranteed convergence properties.

A system that incorporates the subject disclosure may include, for example, a process that includes adjusting a filter in electrical communication between an input terminal and a demodulator. The filter is applied to an information bearing signal, e.g., to mitigate interference, received at the input terminal, resulting in a filtered signal. An error signal is received, indicative of errors detected within information obtained by demodulation of a modulated carrier of the filtered signal. A modified filter state is determined in response to the error signal and the filter is adjusted according to the modified filter state, e.g., to improve mitigation of the interference. Other embodiments are disclosed.

A very-low intermediate frequency (VLIF) receiver and a method of controlling a VLIF receiver. The method comprises receiving a first signal, the first signal including one or both of an on-channel signal portion and an adjacent channel interferer (ACI) portion; determining that the first signal includes a portion having a strength that is above a threshold; in response to determining that the first signal includes a portion having a strength that is above the threshold, estimating one or more IQ imbalance parameters for at least a portion of the first signal; and compensating for an IQ imbalance in at least the portion of the first signal using the one or more IQ imbalance parameters.

A receiving circuit, use, and method for receiving an encoded and modulated radio signal is provided. The circuit comprise a demodulator and a digital filter connected downstream of the demodulator for moving averaging. The filter has at least two FIFO registers and subtractors. Whereby for subtracting an output value of the FIFO register from an input value of the FIFO register a subtractor is connected to each FIFO register. Wherein the filter has a weighting unit, which is connected downstream of each FIFO register, and wherein the filter has an integrator, which is connected downstream of the subtractors for integration.

A data transmission apparatus disposed within two network layers operative at different data rates is provided. The data transmission apparatus is coupled to a clock generator which provides a reference clock for a lower network layer and is coupled to a frequency synthesizer with an integer division factor that generates a divided clock for an upper network layer according to the reference clock and the integer division factor. The data transmission apparatus includes a first processing circuit and a second processing circuit. The first processing circuit corresponding to the upper network layer receives and transmits data by using the divided clock as its operation frequency. The second processing circuit corresponding to the lower network layer receives and transmits data from the first processing circuit by using the reference clock as an operation frequency for encoding data. The divided clock is generated from the frequency synthesizer with the integer division factor.

A method and apparatus prioritizing video information during coding and decoding. Video information is received and an element of the video information, such as a visual object, video object layer, video object plane or keyregion, is identified. A priority is assigned to the identified element and the video information is encoded into a bitstream, such as a visual bitstream encoded using the MPEG-4 standard, including an indication of the priority of the element. The priority information can then be used when decoding the bitstream to reconstruct the video information.

A direction of regularity, which minimizes a directional energy computed from pixel values of consecutive first and second frames of an input video sequence, is respectively associated with each pixel of the first frame and with each pixel of the second frame. Another direction of regularity (vz), which minimizes a directional energy computed from pixel values of the first and second frames, is also associated with an output pixel (z) of a frame of an output video sequence, located in time between the first and second frames. For processing such output pixel, the respective minimized directional energies for the output pixel, at least one pixel (z') of the first frame and at least one pixel (z″) of the second frame are compared to control an interpolation performed to determine a value of the output pixel. The interpolation uses pixel values from at least one of the first and second frames of the input video sequence depending on the comparison of the minimized directional energies.

In a wireless network, plural downlink signals from plural base stations are transmitted to a terminal. The plural downlink signals all carry the same information to the terminal. The terminal provides feedback on the downlink channels. The feedback provides information on the taps of the channels. The amount of information fed back is constrained. Based on the feedback, transmission parameters of the downlink signals are adjusted. The process of transmitting, providing feedback, and adjusting the parameters continue so that the energy of the downlink signal is enhanced at the terminal location and suppressed elsewhere. Beam forming can be used to further suppress the energy signature at locations other than the terminal location.