Provided herein are processes of preparing sulfonated estolide compounds, and the removal of sulfonate residues from those compounds to provide desulfonated estolide base oils. Exemplary sulfonated estolide compounds include those selected from the formula: wherein z is an integer selected from 0 to 15; q is an integer selected from 0 to 15; x is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 20; y is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected 0 to 20; n is equal to or greater than 0; R6 is selected from —OH, optionally substituted alkyl, and optionally substituted aryl; and R2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched, wherein each fatty acid chain residue of said compounds is independently optionally substituted.

The present invention is related to methods for the preparation of pharmaceutically acceptable salts of (+)-7-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-isopropyl-2-(methanesulfonyl-methyl-amino)-pyrimidin-5-yl]-(3R,5S,6E)-dihydroxy-hept-6-enoic acid, intermediates thereof and methods for producing said intermediates.

Disclosed is a method for preparing optically pure (+)-ambrisentan and (+)-darusentan, comprising: firstly catalyzing the asymmetric epoxidation of a β-unsaturated alkene using a chiral ketone derived from fructose or a hydrate thereof as a catalyst, and then subjecting the product to an epoxy compound ring-opening reaction and substitution reaction successively to obtain optically pure (+)-ambrisentan and (+)-darusentan.

Disclosed is an adhesive for a polarizing plate that comprises a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin with an acetoacetyl group and an amine-based metal compound crosslinking agent, and a method of manufacturing the same.

Catalyst compositions comprising metallocene complexes having polymerisable olefinic groups substituent on an organic group containing a cyclopentadienyl nucleus may be used for the preparation of polyolefins. The catalyst compositions may be in the form of polymers comprising the metallocene complex and may be suitably supported on inorganic supports. Polymers having a broad range of density and melt indices as well as low hexane extractables and excellent powder morphology and flowability may be obtained by use of the catalyst compositions. Preferred metallocene complexes are zirconium complexes in which the polymerisable olefinic group is vinyl.

Polysubstituted cyclopentadiene compound wherein at least two different substituents are present from the group consisting of linear, branched and cyclic alkyls, aralkyls and alkenyls, and a process for the preparation of a cyclopentadiene compound substituted with at least two different groups chosen from the group consisting of linear, branched, cyclic and aromatic alkyls and alkenyls, characterized in that it comprises the reacting of a halide of a first substituting group in a mixture of the cyclopentadiene compound and an aqueous solution of a base, in which the quantity of the base relative to the cyclopentadiene compound is between 5 and 30 mol/mol, in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst, followed by the addition of a halide of a second or optionally a third substituting group to the reaction mixture.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing a methylene-bridged biscyclopentadienyl compound having the formula I ##STR1##where L are, independently of one another, identical or different and are each a cyclopentadienyl group, by reacting one or two cyclopentadienyl compounds LH with formaldehyde in monomeric, oligomeric or polymeric form or formaldehyde-generating reagents in the presence of at least one base and at least one phase transfer catalyst.

A process to prepare an improved fluid rare earth phosphate catalyst composition useful in preparing alkylene oxide adducts of organic compounds having active hydrogen atoms is provided. The catalyst is prepared by dissolving a rare earth salt in a C9-C30 active hydrogen containing organic compound and then adding phosphoric acid to the organic compound rare earth mixture.

Disclosed are a vacuum glass panel and a manufacturing method of the same. The vacuum glass panel according to the present invention includes a first glass plate, a second glass plate facing the first glass plate with a vacuum space therebetween, an edge of the second glass plate being in contact with the first glass plate, and a plurality of spacers disposed between the first glass plate and the second glass plates to separate the first glass plate and the second glass plate from each other. The plurality of spacers are formed of a glass including alumina (Al2O3) particles and silica (SiO2) particles.

The invention relates to powder comprising at least one element M, at least one element A and at least one element X, in the respective proportions (n+1±ε1), 1±ε2 and n±ε3, in which: A is chosen from Cd, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, P, As and S;M is a transition metal;X is chosen from B, C and N;n is an integer equal to 1, 2 or 3; andε1, ε2 and ε3 independently represent a number ranging from 0 to 0.2, said powder having a mean particle size of less than 500 nm.

Provided is an oxide sintered body suitably used for the production of an oxide semiconductor film for a display device, wherein the oxide sintered body has both high conductivity and relative density, and is capable of depositing an oxide semiconductor film having high carrier mobility. This oxide sintered body is obtained by mixing and sintering powders of zinc oxide, tin oxide and indium oxide, and when an EPMA in-plane compositional mapping is performed on the oxide sintered body the percentage of the area in which Sn concentration is 10 to 50 mass % in the measurement area is 70 area percent or more.

A substrate for p-Si TFT flat panel displays made of a glass having a high low-temperature-viscosity characteristic temperature and manufactured while avoiding erosion/wear of a melting tank during melting through direct electrical heating. The glass substrate comprises 52-78 mass % of SiO2, 3-25 mass % of Al2O3, 3-15 mass % of B2O3, 3-20 mass % of RO, wherein RO is total amount of MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO, 0.01-0.8 mass % of R2O, wherein R2O is total amount of Li2O, Na2O, and K2O, and 0-0.3 mass % of Sb2O3, and substantially does not comprise As2O3, wherein the mass ratio CaO/RO is equal to or greater than 0.65, the mass ratio (SiO2+Al2O3)/B2O3 is in a range of 7-30, and the mass ratio (SiO2+Al2O3)/RO is equal to or greater than 5. A related method involves melting glass raw materials blended to provide the glass composition; a forming step of forming the molten glass into a flat-plate glass; and an annealing step of annealing the flat-plate glass.

An optical glass including B3+, La3+ and Nb5+ as cationic components constituting the glass, wherein the optical glass satisfies the following expressions represented in cation percentages: 10 cat. %≦B3+≦50 cat. %;40 cat. %≦La3+≦65 cat. %;0 cat. %≦Nb5+≦40 cat. %;80 cat. %≦(total amount of B3++La3++Nb5+)≦100 cat. %; and0 cat. %≦Si4+≦10 cat. %;0 cat. %≦Ge4+≦5 cat. %;0 cat. %≦Mg2+≦5 cat. %;0 cat. %≦Ba2+≦10 cat. %;0 cat. %≦Ca2+≦10 cat. %;0 cat. %≦Sr2+≦10 cat. %;0 cat. %≦Zn2+≦20 cat. %;0 cat. %≦W6+≦5 cat. %;0 cat. %≦Zr4+≦5 cat. %;0 cat. %≦Ti4+≦5 cat. %;0 cat. %≦Bi3+≦5 cat. %;0 cat. %≦Ta5+≦10 cat. %;0 cat. %≦(total amount of Y3++Gd3+)≦20 cat. %; and0 cat. %≦(total amount of Yb3++Lu3+)≦10 cat. %.

Provided are an oxide sintered body and a sputtering target that are ideal for the production of an oxide semiconductor film for a display device. The oxide sintered body and sputtering target that are provided have both high conductivity and high relative density, are capable of forming an oxide semiconductor film having a high carrier mobility, and in particular, have excellent direct-current discharge stability in that long-term, stable discharge is possible, even when used by the direct-current sputtering method. The oxide sintered body of the invention is an oxide sintered body obtained by mixing and sintering zinc oxide, tin oxide, and an oxide of at least one metal (M metal) selected from the group consisting of Al, Hf, Ni, Si, Ga, In, and Ta. When the in-plane specific resistance and the specific resistance in the direction of depth are approximated by Gaussian distribution, the distribution coefficient σ of the specific resistance is 0.02 or less.

A method for preparing fuel components from crude tall oil. Feedstock containing tall oil including unsaturated fatty acids is introduced to a catalytic hydrodeoxygenation to convert unsaturated fatty acids, rosin acids and sterols to fuel components. Crude tall oil is purified in a purification by washing the crude tall oil with washing liquid and separating the purified crude tall oil from the washing liquid. The purified crude tall oil is introduced directly to the catalytic hydrodeoxygenation as a purified crude tall oil feedstock. An additional feedstock may be supplied to the catalytic hydrodeoxygenation.

A catalyst comprising an aluminosilicate zeolite having an MOR framework type, an acidic MFI molecular sieve component having a Si/Al2 molar ratio of less than 80, a metal component comprising one or more elements selected from groups VIB, VIIB, VIII, and IVA, an inorganic oxide binder, and a fluoride component.

The present invention relates generally to olefin metathesis. In some embodiments, the present invention provides methods for Z-selective ring-closing metathesis.

Provided are a negative active material, a method of preparing the same, and a lithium battery including the negative active material. The negative active material includes a carbonaceous core that has a sulfur content of about 10 ppm to 900 ppm; and an amorphous carbon layer continuously formed on a surface of the carbonaceous core, wherein the carbonaceous core has a crystalloid plate structure, and a crystallite size measured from a full width at half maximum of the peak with respect to the surface (002) of about 10 nm to about 45 nm in an X-ray diffraction spectrum of the carbonaceous core. The lithium battery including a negative electrode including the negative active material has improved capacity characteristics and ring lifetime characteristics.

A nanostructure, an optical device including the nanostructure, and methods of manufacturing the nanostructure and the optical device. A method of manufacturing a nanostructure may include forming a block copolymer template layer and a precursor pattern of metal coupled to the block copolymer template layer on a graphene layer, and forming a metal nanopattern on the graphene layer by removing the block copolymer template layer and reducing the precursor pattern.

Disclosed are a biomolecular sensor and a method of fabricating the same having high sensitivity and resolution by using a plurality of metal plates that change electrical properties of a plurality of nanostructures according to the attachment of biomolecules. The biomolecular sensor includes a substrate, first and second electrodes disposed to be spaced apart from each other on the substrate, a plurality of nanostructures disposed on the substrate to connect the first and second electrodes to each other, and a plurality of metal plates that change electrical properties of the plurality of nanostructures according to the attachment of biomolecules.

Methods for the synthesis of metal quantum clusters within the framework of a porous gel matrix are described. For example, Ag25(glutathione)18 quantum clusters are synthesized in a cross-linked polyacrylamide gel matrix. The methods can be performed on large-scale and yields monodispersed metal quantum clusters.

Set of compositions for preparing system-in-package type semiconductor device. The composition set consists of underfill composition for preparing underfill part and encapsulation resin composition for preparing resin encapsulation part. 1) A cured product of the underfill composition has a glass transition temperature, Tg, ≧100° C. and is the same with or differs from a Tg of a cured product of the encapsulation resin composition by ≦20° C. 2) Total linear expansion coefficient of the cured product of the underfill composition at a temperature not higher than (Tg−30)° C. and a linear expansion coefficient of the cured product of the encapsulation resin composition at a temperature not higher than (Tg−30)° C. is ≦42 ppm/° C. 3) A ratio of the linear expansion coefficient of the cured product of the encapsulation resin composition to the linear expansion coefficient of the cured product of the underfill composition ranges from 0.3 to 1.0.

Provided are an adhesive composition with good storage stability, heat resistance, moisture resistance reliability, and adhesion properties; and a curl- and heat-resistant adhesive film and a wiring film using the adhesive composition. The adhesive composition contains 100 parts by weight of a phenoxy resin (A) having plural alcoholic hydroxyl groups in a side chain of the molecule thereof; 2 to 60 parts by weight of a polyfunctional isocyanate compound (B) having an isocyanate group and at least one functional group selected from vinyl, acrylate, and methacrylate groups in the molecule thereof; and 5 to 30 parts by weight of a maleimide compound (C) having plural maleimide groups in the molecule thereof or/and reaction product thereof, in which a total amount of the components (B) and (C) is from 7 to 60 parts by weight.

An artificial silica marble comprises a matrix and a line pattern portion. The line pattern portion comprises fine lines having a width of about 50 to about 500 μm and forms a web- or net-like pattern. The line pattern portion divides or partitions the artificial silica marble into a plurality of irregularly shaped pattern portions to form an amorphous pattern in the cross section of the artificial silica marble.

Provided are a thermosetting adhesive composition excellent in storage stability, reliability, and low-temperature adhesion properties; and a curl-resistant heat-resistant film and a wiring film obtained using the composition. The thermosetting adhesive composition includes 100 parts by weight of a phenoxy resin having a bisphenol S skeleton in the structure thereof; 5 to 30 parts by weight of a maleimide compound containing a plurality of maleimide groups in the structure thereof; and 3 to 20 vol % of an inorganic needle-like filler. The heat resistant adhesive film is obtained by applying the thermosetting adhesive composition onto a polyimide film, followed by drying. The wiring film is obtained by placing a conductor wiring layer on the heat resistant adhesive film.

The disclosure provides an ink jet ink for color filter and a method for preparing the same, as well as a method for preparing of a color filter. The ink jet ink for color filter comprising, by weight, 10 to 50 parts of aqueous nano pigment dispersion and 51 to 95 parts of a cold curing component.

In a computer storage system, crash dump files are secured without power fencing in a cluster of a plurality of nodes connected to a storage system. Upon an occurrence of a panic of a crashing node and prior to receiving a panic message of the crashing node by a surviving node loading, in the cluster, a capturing node to become active, prior to a totem token being declared lost by the surviving node, for capturing the crash dump files of the crashing node, while manipulating the surviving node to continue to operate under the assumption the power fencing was performed on the crashing node.

Embodiments relate to a computer implemented information processing system, method and program product for data access. The information processing system includes a data store having a top tier store and at least another tier store with the top tier store including a counter for each entry of a symbol and another tier store including a representative frequency value defined for the another tier store. A sorter is also provided configured to sort the symbol in the top tier store and the another tier stores according to a value generated in the counter for the assessed symbol. The said sorter is also configured to restore entry of the symbol in the top tier store, in response to a symbol having moved from said top tier store to another tier store, by using the representative frequency value defined for said another store to which said symbol was moved.

Data is compressed using content addressable memory without disruption despite error using a plurality of content addressable memories to detect sequentially repeating data elements of the data. Compression information is generated for each sequence of repeating data elements that repeat for at least a compression threshold without any one of the plurality of content addressable memories generating an indication of an error for a matching content addressable memory entry. Individual data elements are output for each of the data elements that do not repeat for the compression threshold. Compression information is generated for each sequence of repeating data elements that repeat for at least the compression threshold and then generating a currently searched data element that matches the repeating data elements when any one of the plurality of content addressable memories generates an indication of an error for a content addressable memory entry that matches the currently searched data element.

A method for vitrification of waste to reduce the formation of persistent secondary phases comprising separating at least one glass frit constituent from an initial glass frit to form a modified glass frit. The waste, modified glass frit, and the at least one glass frit constituent are mixed together with the modified glass frit and the at least one glass frit constituent being added as separate components. The resulting mixture is vitrified.

A method of preparing a simple ceramic ingot of a spent filter having radioactive cesium trapped therein, and a ceramic ingot of a spent filter having improved properties such as leach resistance, thermal stability, and cesium content are provided. The method includes grinding and mixing a spent filter having cesium trapped therein, adding a solidifying agent, and sintering the spent filter. The method of preparing a ceramic ingot of a spent filter can be useful in preparing the ceramic ingot of the spent filter from only the spent filter by means of simple grinding and sintering, and in preparing the ceramic ingot of the spent filter by adding a small amount of a solidifying agent. The ceramic ingot of the spent filter has a high density and improved thermal stability, and shows improved leach resistance since a leach rate of a radioactive material is remarkably low. Therefore, the spent filter having radioactive cesium trapped therein can be effectively used to prepare a stable ceramic ingot.

An apparatus for recovering valuable elements is provided herein. In some embodiments, the apparatus having a conveyor; a container configured to be moved on the conveyor, wherein the container has an open surface; a paper package which contains a mixture containing valuable elements, the paper package being configured to be disposed in the container and to be combusted; a cover that covers the open surface of the container, the cover having an opening for discharging valuable elements vaporized from the mixture; a microwave oven through which the container having the cover and the paper package passes, wherein the microwave oven having a microwave generator and a discharging opening for discharging the valuable elements vaporized from the mixture; and a condenser coupled to the discharge opening, wherein the condenser recovers the valuable elements vaporized from the mixture.

Methods of capturing and immobilizing radioactive nuclei with metal fluorite-based inorganic materials are described. For example, a method of capturing and immobilizing radioactive nuclei includes flowing a gas stream through an exhaust apparatus. The exhaust apparatus includes a metal fluorite-based inorganic material. The gas stream includes a radioactive species. The radioactive species is removed from the gas stream by adsorbing the radioactive species to the metal fluorite-based inorganic material of the exhaust apparatus.

Techniques for fast filtering for a transceiver are presented. A multidimensional filter processor component (MDFPC) can perform configurations and adaptations of multiple digital filters of a transceiver. The MDFPC can treat multiple, separate filters of a transceiver as a single larger multidimensional filter, and jointly update the multiple filters in a single adaptation operation instead of performing multiple adaptation operations on multiple filters. To facilitate multidimensional filter adaptation, the MDFPC can manage respective cross-correlations associated with the inputs of the filters. The MDFPC can facilitate multidimensional filter adaptation by performing multidimensional filter adaptation in the frequency domain, wherein the adaptation can be performed in parallel for multiple frequency sub-channels. For each frequency sub-channel, the MDFPC can perform a filter adaptation, wherein respective filter adaptation matrices can be generated for respective frequency sub-channels to perform the update to facilitate managing different cross-correlations associated with different frequency sub-channels.

Various embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for data processing. As an example, a data processing circuit is disclosed that includes a data detector circuit. The data detector circuit includes an anti-causal noise predictive filter circuit and a data detection circuit. In some cases, the anti-causal noise predictive filter circuit is operable to apply noise predictive filtering to a detector input to yield a filtered output, and the data detection circuit is operable to apply a data detection algorithm to the filtered output derived from the anti-causal noise predictive filter circuit.

A method of frequency-domain filtering is provided that includes a plurality of filters, the plurality of filters including at least one constrained filter(s) W=I, I and at least one unconstrained filter(s) W=1,K− The method includes cascading the W k=i,K unconstrained filter(s). A single constraint window C is applied to the cascaded W=i,K unconstrained filter(s). The W=1,I constrained filter(s) are cascaded with the constrained cascaded Wk=1,K unconstrained filter(s) to form a resulting filter Wll=C(W 1{circle around (x)} . . . {circle around (x)} W){circle around (x)} W . . . W. The frequency domain representation of the single constraint window C may be based, at least in part, on a time domain representation of a single constraint window C that has been circularly shifted such that the frequency domain representation of the constraint window matches a property of the frequency domain representation of the cascaded W=1,K unconstrained filters.

The present invention relates to methods for preparing a degradable polymer network. The methods for preparing a degradable polymer network comprise a) preparing a polymer composition comprising monomers of cyclic carbonates and/or cyclic esters and/or linear carbonates and/or linear esters and/or cyclic ethers and/or linear hydroxycarboxylic acids at a temperature between 20° C. and 200° C.; b) adding a cross-linking reagent comprising at least one double or triple C—C bond and/or a cross-linking radical initiator; c) processing the polymer composition (that contains the crosslinking reagent into a desired shape; d) Crosslinking by irradiating the mixture. Further, the present invention relates to a degradable polymer network. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of the degradable polymer network.

Disclosed is a resin precursor composition including a bifunctional (meth)acrylate containing a fluorine atom, a bifunctional (meth)acrylate having a fluorene structure, and a photopolymerization initiator, the resin precursor composition in which the formation of precipitates during its storage is suppressed; and a resin obtained from the same. Specifically disclosed is a resin precursor composition that contains a bifunctional fluorine-containing (meth)acrylate (component A); a (meth)acrylate having a fluorene structure (component B); and a photopolymerization initiator (component C), wherein the component B includes a bifunctional (meth)acrylate having a fluorene structure (b-1) and a monofunctional (meth)acrylate having a fluorene structure (b-2) at a molar ratio (b-1):(b-2) of 90:10 to 70:30.

A crosslinkable curing super-branched polyester and the cured product and the preparation method thereof are disclosed. The super-branched polyester has high refractive index and comprises a compound represented by the following structural formula (I). In the formula (I), HBP is the backbone of the super-branched polyester; both a and b are positive integers; the sum of a and b is less than or equal to n; n is more than or equal to 10 and less than 80. In the super-branched polyester, A is represented by formula (II) and N is represented by formula (III), wherein R is methyl or hydrogen atom; the mole ratio of N relative to the total mole of A and N is more than 30 mol %, and the ratio of the total mole of A and N relative to the product of the total mole of HBP backbone and n is more than 0.5 and less than or equal to 1.

The present invention provides a process for producing electret fine particles or coarse powder that can be uniformly electrified and exhibits excellent electrophoretic properties. Specifically, the present invention relates to the production processes (1) and (2) below:(1) A process for producing electret fine particles, comprising emulsifying a fluorine-containing material that contains a vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene terpolymer in a liquid that is incompatible with the fluorine-containing material to obtain emulsified particles; and subjecting the emulsified particles to electron ray irradiation, radial ray irradiation, or corona discharge treatment.(2) A process for producing electret coarse powder, comprising subjecting a resin sheet containing a vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene terpolymer to electron ray irradiation, radial ray irradiation, or corona discharge treatment to process the resin sheet into an electret resin sheet; and pulverizing the electret resin sheet.

A heat-resistant cured product is efficiently produced by obtaining a semi-cured product where a curable resin composition containing a (meth)acrylate monomer, a non-conjugated vinylidene group-containing compound and a thermal radical-polymerization initiator is processed by at least one of photoirradiation and heating to give a semi-cured product having a complex viscosity of from 105 to 108 mPa·s at 25° C. and at a frequency of 10 Hz; and putting the semi-cured product in a forming die for pressure formation therein, and heating it therein for thermal polymerization to give a cured product.

Machines, systems and methods for I/O monitoring in a plurality of compute nodes and a plurality of service nodes utilizing a Peripheral Component Interconnect express (PCIe) are provided. In one embodiment, the method comprises assigning at least one virtual function to a services node and a plurality of compute nodes by the PCIe interconnect and a multi-root I/O virtualization (MR-IOV) adapter. The MR-IOV adapter enables bridging of a plurality of compute node virtual functions with corresponding services node virtual functions. A front-end driver on the compute node requests the services node virtual function to send data and the data is transferred to the services node virtual function by the MR-IOV adapter. A back-end driver running in the services node receives and passes the data to a software service to modify/monitor the data. The back-end driver sends the data to another virtual function or an external entity.

Provided are a storage device, controller, and method for using host transfer rates to select a recording medium transfer rate for transferring data to a recording medium. A host transfer rate of data with respect to a buffer is measured. Provided are a plurality of recording medium transfer rates at which data is transferred between the buffer and the recording medium. A determination is made of an amount of decrease in the host transfer rate. The recording medium transfer rate is selected based on the amount of decrease in the host transfer rate. A transfer rate at which the storage device transfers data is set to the selected recording medium transfer rate.

A method for sharing peripheral devices in dual operating systems for an electronic device having at least one peripheral device is provided. The method includes: receiving a setting value for the peripheral device under the first operating system from a user; activating a second operating system; transmitting the setting value to the second operating system; and switching from the first operating system to the second operating system, wherein the second operating system sets the peripheral device with the setting value and enables the electronic device to operate under the second operating system.

A system and method for detecting, filtering, prioritizing and reporting shared memory hazards are disclosed. The method includes, for a unit of hardware operating on a block of threads, mapping a plurality of shared memory locations assigned to the unit to a tracking table. The tracking table comprises initialization information for each shared memory location. The method also includes, for an instruction of a program within a barrier region, identifying a potential conflict by identifying a second access to a location in shared memory within a block of threads executed by the hardware unit. First information associated with a first access and second information associated with the second access to the location is determined. Filter criteria is applied to the first and second information to determine whether the instruction causes a reportable hazard. The instruction is reported when it causes the reportable hazard.

A system for protecting an electronic device against malware includes a memory, an operating system configured to execute on the electronic device, and a below-operating-system security agent. The below-operating-system security agent is configured to trap an attempted access of a resource of the electronic device, access one or more security rules to determine whether the attempted access is indicative of malware, and operate at a level below all of the operating systems of the electronic device accessing the memory. The attempted access includes attempting to write instructions to the memory and attempting to execute the instructions.

A system and method for reordering storage levels in a virtualized environment includes identifying a virtual machine (VM) to be transitioned and determining a new storage level order for the VM. The new storage level order reduces a VM live state during a transition, and accounts for hierarchical shared storage memory and criteria imposed by an application to reduce recovery operations after dynamic resource allocation actions. The new storage level order recommendation is propagated to VMs. The new storage level order applied in the VMs. A different storage-level order is recommended after the transition.

Methods or preparing para-xylene from biomass by carrying out a Diels-Alder cycloaddition at controlled temperatures and activity ratios. Methods of preparing bio-terephthalic acid and bio-poly(ethylene terephthalate (bio-PET) are also disclosed, as well as products formed from bio-PET.

A manufacturing method of a glass substrate for a magnetic disk is provided whereby nano pits and/or nano scratches cannot be easily produced in polishing a principal face of a glass substrate using a slurry containing zirconium oxide as an abrasive. The manufacturing method of a glass substrate for a magnetic disk includes, for instance, a polishing step of polishing a principal face of a glass substrate using a slurry containing, as an abrasive, zirconium oxide abrasive grains having monoclinic crystalline structures (M) and tetragonal crystalline structures (T).

Techniques are described for decoupling fetching of an instruction stored in a main program memory from earliest execution of the instruction. An indirect execution method and program instructions to support such execution are addressed. In addition, an improved indirect deferred execution processor (DXP) VLIW architecture is described which supports a scalable array of memory centric processor elements that do not require local load and store units.