1 Nicaraguan Cordoba Oro = 16.5371 Costa Rican Colon

1 Nicaraguan Cordoba Oro = 113.2582 Colombian Peso

1 Nicaraguan Cordoba Oro = 0.2056 Chinese Yuan Renminbi

1 Nicaraguan Cordoba Oro = 24.0033 Chilean Peso

1 Nicaraguan Cordoba Oro = 0.0282 Swiss Franc

1 Nicaraguan Cordoba Oro = 0.0407 Canadian Dollar

1 Nicaraguan Cordoba Oro = 0.353 Botswana Pula

1 Nicaraguan Cordoba Oro = 0.1666 Brazilian Real

1 Nicaraguan Cordoba Oro = 0.2004 Bolivian Boliviano

1 Nicaraguan Cordoba Oro = 0.0411 Brunei Dollar

1 Nicaraguan Cordoba Oro = 0.011 Bahraini Dinar

1 Nicaraguan Cordoba Oro = 0.0525 Bulgarian Lev

1 Nicaraguan Cordoba Oro = 2.4705 Bangladeshi Taka

1 Nicaraguan Cordoba Oro = 0.0445 Australian Dollar

1 Nicaraguan Cordoba Oro = 1.9321 Argentine Peso

1 Nicaraguan Cordoba Oro = 0.0522 Netherlands Antillean Guilder

1 Nicaraguan Cordoba Oro = 0.1068 United Arab Emirates Dirham

Matthew Berry gives players the Love/Hate treatment coming out of the 2020 NFL draft, identifying those who have gained or lost the most fantasy football value.

Players are working out creatively, but can't replace the intensity of team training.

Jordan Love has come a long way from the 5-foot-6, 130-pound kid who almost gave up football.

Ryan Farley drew on an emotional moment with his dying father to write a memorable scene in the Netflix show -- and express frustration with the Lions.

1 Netherlands Antillean Guilder = 19.1643 Nicaraguan Cordoba Oro

1 Estonian Kroon = 2.4122 Nicaraguan Cordoba Oro

1 Danish Krone = 4.9999 Nicaraguan Cordoba Oro

1 Fiji Dollar = 15.2699 Nicaraguan Cordoba Oro

1 New Zealand Dollar = 21.1169 Nicaraguan Cordoba Oro

1 Croatian Kuna = 4.9583 Nicaraguan Cordoba Oro

1 Peruvian Nuevo Sol = 10.1216 Nicaraguan Cordoba Oro

Lawrence, Kansas – The Haskell men's golf team finished eighth at the Ottawa Invitational held at Eagle Bend Golf Course on Tuesday evening. The Indians finished with a two round score of 678. 

Lawrence, Kansas – The Haskell men's golf team finished 8th out of 9 teams at the Ottawa Spring Invitational held at Eagle Bend Golf Course on Monday. The Indians finished with a round score of 344 and the second round was cancelled due to snow on the course. 

Maryville, MO – The Haskell Men's golf team competed in the Graceland Invitational which was cut short due to inclement weather conditions on the second day. 

Lawrence, Kansas – The Haskell men's golf team finished 8th out of 11 teams in the Ottawa Invitational held at Eagle Bend Golf Course in Lawrence, Kansas on Monday and Tuesday. The Indians finished with a round score of 321, 331, with a total team score 652.

The collegiate races for the Haskell Invitational have been rescheduled for October 11 at 4pm.

This week Cross Country is training for their first home meet on Saturday October 12, 2019 at 9:15 & 10:00 am during Homcoming Weekend!

Haskell Men's Cross CountryTop 20 finishers from Haskell's Invitational. From left to right Dorian Daw, Ronson Begay, Uriah Little Owl & Joshua Garcia (not pictured Tristan Antonio).

Women's Cross Country Pictured, Chantel Yazzie crossing the finish line as Haskell's first Women's Cross Country runner to cross at the Haskell Invitational. 

Haskell Cross Country teams traveled to Mount Mercy in Iowa this past Saturday and performed well a week before A.I.I. Championship Meet on Saturday 11/9/19.

1 Dominican Peso = 0.6251 Nicaraguan Cordoba Oro

Thomas Zunie, a junior from Zuni, New Mexico qualified today for the 2012 NAIA Outdoor Track and Field National Championships to be held the last week of May on the campus of Indiana Wesleyan University.   

Haskell will play host to the 2014 Midlands Collegiate Athletic Conference Outdoor Track and Field Championships on April 25th and 26th. 

Ottawa, Kansas - The Haskell Indian Nations University Men's track and field teams competed at the Ottawa Braves Invitational on Saturday.

1 Papua New Guinean Kina = 10.0291 Nicaraguan Cordoba Oro

1 Brunei Dollar = 24.3435 Nicaraguan Cordoba Oro

Verification of a USB4 router design is not just about USB4 but also about the inclusion of the three other major protocols namely, USB3, DisplayPort (DP), and PCI Express (PCIe). These protocols can be simultaneously tunneled through a USB4 router. Put in simple terms, such tunneling involves the conversion of the respective native USB3, DP, or PCIe protocol traffic into the USB4 transport layer packets, which are tunneled through a USB4 fabric, and converted back into the respective original native protocol traffic.

It may sound simple but is perhaps not.

There are several aspects in a router that come into picture to carry out this task of conversion of native protocol traffic, route it to the intended destination, and then convert it back to the original form. Some of those are the USB3, DP and PCIe protocol adapters, transport mechanism using routing, flow control, paths, path set-up and teardown, control and configuration, configuration spaces.

That is not all. There are core USB4 specific logical layer intricacies as well, which carry out the tasks of ensuring that all the USB4 ports and links are working as desired to provide up to 40Gbps speed and that the USB4 traffic flows through out the fabric in the intended way. These bring on the table features like High Speed link, ordered sets, lane initialization, lane adapter state machine, low power, lane bonding, RS-FEC, side band channel, sleep and wake, error checking.

All of these put together give rise to a very large verification space against which a USB4 router design should be verified. If we were to break down this space it can be broadly put in the following major dimensions,

• Protocol Adapter Layer
  • USB3 tunneling
  • DP tunneling
  • PCIe tunneling
• Host Interface Adapter Layer
• Transport Layer
  • Flow control
  • Routing
  • Paths
• Configuration layer and control packet protocol
• Configuration spaces
• Logical Layer

The independent verification of these dimensions is not all that would qualify the design as verified. They have to be verified in various combinations of each other too. Overall, all the parts of a USB4 router system need to be working together coherently.

For example, the following diagram depicts the various layers that a USB4 router may comprise of,

A USB4 router or a domain of routers does not work on its own. There is a Connection Manager per domain, which is a software-based entity managing a domain. A router provides the various capabilities for a Connection Manager to carry out its responsibilities of managing a domain.

It would not be an exaggeration to say that the spectrum of verification of a USB4 router ranges from the very minute details of logical layer to the system-level like multiple dependencies as the whole USB4 system is brought up layer by layer, step-by-step.

Cadence has a mature Verification IP solution that can help in the verification of USB4 designs. Cadence has taken an active part in the working group that defined the USB4 specification and has created a comprehensive Verification IP that is being used by multiple members in the last two years.

If you plan to have a USB4 compatible design, you can reduce the risk of adopting a new technology by using our proven and mature USB4 Verification IP. Please contact your Cadence local account team for more details and to get connected.

PCI-SIG DevCon 2019 APAC tour has come to Tokyo and Taipei this year. The focus is predominantly around the latest updates for PCIe Gen 5 which its version 1.0 specification was just released this year in May.  A series of presentations provided by PCI-SIG on the day 1 with comprehensive information covering all aspects of Gen 5 specification, including protocol, logical, electrical, compliance updates. On the day 2 (only in Taipei), several member companies shared their view on Testing, PCB analysis and Signal integrity. The exhibit is also another spotlight of this event where the member companies showcased their latest PCIe solutions.

Presentation Track (Taipei), Exhibit (Tokyo), Exhibit (Taipei) 

Cadence, as the market leading PCIe IP vendor, participated APAC tour this year with bringing in its latest PCIe IP solution offering (Gen 5/4) to the region as well as showcasing two live demo setups in the exhibit floor. One setup is the PCIe software development kit (SDK) while the other is the Interop/compliance/debug platform. Both come with the Cadence PCIe Gen 4 hardware setup and its corresponding software kit.

The SDK can be used for Device Driver Development, Firmware Development, and for pre-silicon emulation as well. It supports Xtensa and ARM processor with Linux OS and it also equip with Ethernet interface which can be used for remote debugging. It also supports PCIe stress tests for Speed change, link enable/disable, entry/exist for lower power states, …etc. 

Cadence PCIe 4.0 Software Development Kit

The “System Interop/Compliance/Debug platform” was set up to test with multiple endpoint and System platforms. This system come with integrated Cadence software for basic system debug without the need for analyzer to perform the analysis, such as LTSSM History, TS1/TS2 transmitted/received with time stamp, Link training phases, Capturing Packet errors details, Capturing PHY TX/RX internal state machine details, ...etc.

Cadence PCIe System Interop/Compliance/Debug Platform

The year 2019 is certainly a "fruitful year" for the PCIe as more Gen 4 products are now available in the market, Gen 5 v1.0 specification got officially ratified, and PCI-SIG's revealing of Gen 6 specification development. We were glad to be part of this APAC tour with the chance to further introduce Cadence’s complete and comprehensive PCIe IP solution.

See you all next year in APAC again!

More Information

For more information on Cadence's PCIe IP offerings, see our PCI Express page.

For more information on PCIe in general, and on the various PCI standards, see the PCI-SIG website.

Related Posts

• Blog: Did You “Stress Test” Yet? Essential Step to Ensure a Quality PCIe 4.0 Product
• Blog: PCIe Gen4: It’s Official, We’re Compliant
• Blog: PCIe 3.0 Still Shines While PCIe Keeps Evolving
• Blog: The PCIe 4.0 Era Continues at PCI-SIG Developers Conference 2016

Verifying lane adapter state machine in a router design is quite an involved task and needs verification from several aspects including that for its link training functionality.

The diagram below shows two lane adapters connected to each other and each going through the link training process. Each training sub-state transition is contingent on conditions for both transmission and reception of relevant ordered sets needed for a transition. Until conditions for both are satisfied an adapter cannot transition to the next training sub-state.

As deduced from the lane adapter state machine section of USB4 specification, the reception condition for the next training sub-state transition is less strict than that of the transmission condition. For ex., for LOCK1 to LOCK2 transition, the reception condition requires only two SLOS symbols in a row being detected, while the transmission condition requires at least four complete SLOS1 ordered sets to be sent.

From the above conditions in the specification, it is a possibility that a lane adapter A may detect the two SLOS or TS ordered sets, being sent by the lane adapter B on the other end, in the very beginning as soon as it starts transmitting its own SLOS or TS ordered sets. On the other hand, it is also a possibility that these SLOS or TS ordered sets are not yet detected by lane adapter A even when it has met the condition of sending minimum number of SLOS or TS ordered sets.

In such a case, lane adapter A, even though it has satisfied the transmission condition cannot transition to the next sub-state because the reception condition is not yet met. Hence lane adapter A must first wait for the required number of ordered sets to be detected by it before it can go to the next sub-state. But this wait cannot be endless as there are timeouts defined in the specification, after which the training process may be re-attempted.

This interlocked way of operation also ensures that state machine of a lane adapter does not go out of sync with that of the other lane adapter. Such type of scenarios can occur whenever lane adapter state machine transitions to the training state from other states.

Cadence has a mature Verification IP solution for the verification of various aspects of the logical layer of a USB4 router design, with verification capabilities provided to do a comprehensive verification of it.