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Perspectives on Informed Consent Practices for Minimal-Risk Research Involving Foster Youth




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A picture of transformation

A remarkable story which came to a climax on February 23 this year when OM Ireland took possession of the deeds to Lacken House as their new headquarters and ministry centre.




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Transformed by love

One Irish family experienced the transforming love of God...one woman at a time.




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Building sustainable businesses for transformation

Turning organic waste into bio-fuel and French-fry oil into bio-diesel; all these are innovative ways of building sustainable income for the church in Kaharlyk.




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A kitchen to transform lives

Lighthouse Ministries builds a kitchen to transform a community in Panama.




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Fin24.com | Black Business Council stands by tourism minister in BEE storm

The Black Business Council stood by Minister of Tourism Mmamoloko Kubayi-Ngubane and South Africa's Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment policy.




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Calm in the storm

Crisis turns into blessing as a local church reaches out to refugees arriving in Europe.




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Thwarting misinformation

Dear Editor,Rumours have more potential to cause chaos now more than ever before. Previously, misconceptions and mischaracterisations took longer to infect the minds of a society. Maybe that left us unprepared.




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Iain Macwhirter: Adults need a timetable for normality, not indefinite house arrest

Nicola Sturgeon won plaudits from some unlikely quarters this week for her “grown-up conversation” on lifting the lockdown.




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Paul Hollywood Eats Japan; Van der Valk; Normal People; The Real Marigold Hotel, reviews

FACE it – we are going nowhere. Even if we had a particular place to venture the regulations would not permit. For the foreseeable we shall have to contract out our travelling to others. On the upside, no airport hassle. On the downside, no giant Toblerone.




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Coronavirus: Fears universities could be merged if they don't embrace new normal

SCOTLAND’S universities must play their part in adapting to the “new normal” amid warnings that institutions could be forced to merge in return for government support.




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Timeline: Party Platforms & Charter Schools

A look at the two major political parties' platforms since the first charter school law was passed shows how Democrats' positions on school choice have evolved, including increased calls for accountability.




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Special Education Reforms at Center of New Settlement Agreements

The Berkeley, Calif. school district and the state of Ohio have said they will do more to provide services and to ensure students with disabilities are educated in inclusive settings.




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U.S. Supreme Court Takes Up Case Over Cheerleader-Uniform Design

The battle stems from Varsity Brands' efforts to gain copyright protection for the design of stripes, chevrons, zigzags, and color blocks that are on its uniforms.




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States Gird for Spending Reviews of Worst-Performing Districts

A new mandate under the Every Student Succeeds Act requires a top-to-bottom look at how such districts deploy their money, staff, and the time used to support improvement.




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Why Tech Isn't Transforming Teaching: 10 Key Stories From Education Week

Crave pragmatic, honest, clear-eyed conversation about the realities of ed tech? Here's a reading list from Education Week, as presented at ISTE 2019.




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Ed-Tech Supporters Promise Innovations That Can Transform Schools. Teachers Not Seeing Impact

Fewer than one-third of America's teachers say ed-tech innovations have changed their beliefs about what school should look like, according to a new Education Week survey.




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Developers Can Now Sell One App for All Mac/iOS Platforms

Buy a universal purchase app for macOS or iOS and use it across all your devices on all Apple platforms including iPadOS, tvOS, and watchOS devices.




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Twitter and Facebook Are Publishers, Not Platforms

Social networks are calling themselves platforms rather than publishers to skirt around legal issues, and it has to stop.




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Teacher-Performance Scores Primed for Release in Virginia

A state court ruled that Virginia must turn over growth data by school and classroom teacher, without redacting the teachers' names.




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Why I Still Care About Teacher-Quality Reform

This week, you'll hear from guest blogger and longtime reader favorite Heather Harding. Heather kicks off the week by discussing reforms to identify, retain, and prepare high-quality teachers—and why it's still important that we pay attention to these things.




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Accreditation for Teacher Prep Needs a Makeover, Say Former Ed. Officials

The current system for accrediting schools of education isn't working, argue two former senior U.S. Department of Education officials. They think school districts and philanthropists can help.




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Education in 2017 Through the 'Top Performers' Lens

Marc Tucker's most-read blog posts in 2017.




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Trust: An Essential Ingredient for Top Performance

Marc Tucker explores the critical importance of trust in successful education systems and how trust was lost in U.S. education.




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A transformed heart

An Albanian man's heart is forever changed after suffering a heart attack and meeting Jesus in his recuperation.




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Aerobic Capacity and Exercise Performance in Young People Born Extremely Preterm

Extreme preterm birth is associated with developmental shortcomings that may reduce exercise capacity and participation in physical activities in later life. The number of studies addressing these issues in adolescent populations is limited, test methods differ, and results are diverging.

Exercise capacity after preterm birth was in the same range as in term-born control subjects. Participation in physical activity was lower in preterm subjects compared with control subjects; however, the response to exercise in terms of increased aerobic capacity was similar. (Read the full article)




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Childhood Gender Nonconformity: A Risk Indicator for Childhood Abuse and Posttraumatic Stress in Youth

Childhood gender nonconformity has been associated with poorer relationships with parents, but it is unknown if childhood gender nonconformity is associated with childhood abuse or with posttraumatic stress disorder.

We identify gender nonconformity before age 11 years as a risk indicator for physical, sexual, and psychological abuse in childhood and lifetime probable posttraumatic stress disorder in youth. (Read the full article)




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Motor Coordination and Psychosocial Correlates in a Normative Adolescent Sample

Research has highlighted an important relationship between motor coordination and emotional functioning in children and adolescents. Few studies have provided support for this idea; research is therefore needed to further understand the relationship between the motor and emotional domains.

The results suggest that the relationship between motor coordination and emotional functioning (anxious and depressive symptoms) in an adolescent sample may be understood in terms of a mechanism whereby motor coordination has an indirect impact on emotional functioning via self-perceptions. (Read the full article)




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Level of NICU Quality of Developmental Care and Neurobehavioral Performance in Very Preterm Infants

Although developmental care in NICUs reduces the stress experienced by preterm infants, the actual level of developmental care may vary and little is known about how the level of developmental care relates to preterm infants’ neurobehavioral performance.

The study demonstrates the relationship between variations in developmental care in NICUs and the neurobehavior of preterm infants. Infants from NICUs with high-quality developmental care compared with infants from units with low quality of care evidenced a better neurobehavioral profile. (Read the full article)




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Supplemental Written Information Improves Prenatal Counseling: A Randomized Trial

During prenatal counseling for prematurity, information is provided to expectant parents to empower them to participate in the medical-care decision-making regarding their child. However, numerous studies have shown that providing information effectively during preterm labor is challenging.

The current study provides evidence that effectiveness of counseling can be improved by providing written information to parents before the face-to-face verbal counseling. Appropriately presented, detailed information improves knowledge and decreases maternal anxiety. (Read the full article)




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Reference Ranges for Lymphocyte Counts of Neonates: Associations Between Abnormal Counts and Outcomes

High or low lymphocyte counts at birth have been reported as a marker for subsequent intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity, and periventricular leukomalacia. However, this conclusion is questionable because reference ranges for lymphocyte counts have not been constructed by using large numbers of neonates.

This study provides reference ranges for lymphocytes of neonates. A high count at birth is associated with early onset sepsis and IVH and a low count with early onset sepsis, IVH, and retinopathy of prematurity. Among neonates with birth asphyxia, a low count identifies a high risk for death. (Read the full article)




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Developmental Status of 1-Year-Old Infants Fed Breast Milk, Cow's Milk Formula, or Soy Formula

Although soy protein–based infant formula is known to support physical growth equal to that of infants fed cow's milk–based formula, data are lacking on developmental status of infants fed soy formula compared with breast milk or milk formula.

Infants fed soy protein–based formula scored within normal limits on standardized developmental testing and did not differ from infants fed cow’s milk–based formula. Breastfed infants have a slight advantage on cognitive development compared with formula-fed infants. (Read the full article)




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Abnormalities of Vascular Structure and Function in Children With Perthes Disease

The causes of Perthes disease are unknown. There is considerable evidence that the disease has a vascular mechanism, although the nature of this is unknown. There is some suggestion that affected individuals may have a heightened cardiovascular risk in adulthood.

Children with Perthes disease have reduced vascular caliber, which is independent of body height, and abnormal functional vascular measures. These findings may be important in the mechanism of disease and may have implications on long-term vascular morbidity. (Read the full article)




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Unprovoked Status Epilepticus: The Prognosis for Otherwise Normal Children With Focal Epilepsy

The outcome of status epilepticus in children depends on the etiology. In otherwise normal children who have ≥1 episodes of unprovoked status epilepticus as part of the evolution of their epilepsy, the seizure and intellectual outcome is unclear.

Based on population-based data and 20 to 30 years’ follow-up of normal children with focal epilepsy, one-third with status epilepticus had recurrence of status. Reassuringly, intelligence, seizure control, and rate of remission were not altered compared with those without status epilepticus. (Read the full article)




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Prevention of Invasive Cronobacter Infections in Young Infants Fed Powdered Infant Formulas

Invasive Cronobacter infection is a rare but devastating disease known to affect hospitalized premature or immunocompromised infants fed powdered infant formulas (PIFs). PIF labels imply that powdered formulas are safe for healthy, term infants if the label instructions are followed.

Cronobacter can also infect healthy, term infants in the first months of life, even if PIF label instructions are followed. Invasive Cronobacter infection is extremely rare in exclusively breastfed infants or those fed commercially sterile, ready-to-feed formulas. (Read the full article)




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Performance Metrics After Changes in Screening Protocol for Congenital Hypothyroidism

Significant variation in congenital hypothyroidism screening operations/performance has been observed in the United States. The origin of this variation remains unknown, in part because of a lack of evaluation. Accordingly, debates persist about optimal screening operations including laboratory testing methods.

Four distinct screening protocols applied to Michigan resident infants are compared in detecting congenital hypothyroidism overall and specific to cases characterized by high initial thyrotropin concentrations thought to have a more severe form of the disease. (Read the full article)




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Metformin's Effect on First-Year Weight Gain: A Follow-up Study

The use of metformin in pregnancy is increasing in the treatment of both gestational diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome. Metformin crosses the placenta. Teratogenicity is not reported. Possible long-term effects are undetermined.

Intrauterine metformin exposure seems to have long-term effects on infant weight. At 1 year of age, infants born to women and exposed to metformin weigh more than those exposed to placebo in utero. (Read the full article)




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Internet Access and Attitudes Toward Online Personal Health Information Among Detained Youth

Detained youth represent a vulnerable pediatric population with worse health outcomes than their nondetained peers. To date, little work has been done to determine whether health information technologies may be effectively used to improve the health of this underserved population.

The Internet is accessible to youth involved in the juvenile justice system. A securely accessible online system to store detained youth’s health information may be both feasible and acceptable for engaging these adolescents more actively in their health care. (Read the full article)




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Informed Choice for Newborn Blood Spot Screening in the United Kingdom: A Survey of Parental Perceptions

Newborn screening is often seen as a fait accompli, even in programs that ostensibly proceed on the basis of informed choice and parental consent.

The study reports details of parental understanding, perceived ability to make an informed choice, and the availability of choice together with variables predictive of parental assessments of having made an informed choice. (Read the full article)




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Pediatricians' Use of Health Information Technology: A National Survey

Information is limited on adoption of fully functional electronic health records (EHRs) in office-based pediatric practices, such as rates of adoption, barriers to adoption, and features that pediatricians choose.

A nationwide survey of members of the AAP in 2009 found that pediatric adoption of fully functional EHRs lags general adoption. Barriers include financial and productivity concerns, but pediatricians are also concerned about finding systems that meet their specific needs. (Read the full article)




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Age, Academic Performance, and Stimulant Prescribing for ADHD: A Nationwide Cohort Study

The impact of relative age at school entry on academic progress and the risk of being diagnosed with ADHD remains controversial. Stimulants are widely used as a therapeutic option for ADHD in the United States and increasingly in Europe.

Relative age among classmates affects academic performance among boys and girls into puberty, as well as children’s risk of being prescribed stimulants for ADHD. This should be taken into account when evaluating children’s performance and behavior in school to prevent unnecessary stimulant prescribing. (Read the full article)




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Diagnostic Imaging Studies Performed in Children Over a Nine-Year Period

Medical imaging that uses ionizing radiation provides notable benefits in the clinical setting. Controversy regarding increased cancer risk, particularly in children, dictates that ordering practices and use of such medical imaging be evaluated to reduce unnecessary exposure to imaging-related radiation.

We evaluated the prevalence and characteristics of diagnostic imaging procedures in children. The proportion of higher radiation procedures is increasing, especially among children evaluated in the inpatient and emergency department settings and those with gastrointestinal and neurologic symptoms, and congenital anomalies. (Read the full article)




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Adolescent ADHD and Adult Physical and Mental Health, Work Performance, and Financial Stress

There are a few longitudinal studies that suggest that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescence is associated with later psychiatric disorders, substance use disorders, and impaired work performance.

Adolescent ADHD is associated with a variety of internal and external stresses in adulthood. Consequently, it is essential to focus intervention efforts on adolescents with ADHD to prevent or alleviate adult difficulties in functioning. (Read the full article)




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Development at Age 36 Months in Children With Deformational Plagiocephaly

Infants and toddlers with deformational plagiocephaly (DP) score lower on developmental measures than children without DP and lower than expected relative to test norms.

This study is the first to examine developmental outcomes in preschool-aged children with DP relative to demographically similar children without DP using a standardized, clinician administered assessment. (Read the full article)




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Voice Abnormalities at School Age in Children Born Extremely Preterm

Isolated case reports of abnormal voice after extremely preterm birth are well described; however, there are no systematic studies of long-term voice outcomes in children born preterm.

Significant voice abnormalities were found in more than half of tested children born before 25 weeks’ gestation. Multivariable analyses showed that the number of intubations, not the duration of intubation, and female gender were strongly associated with this adverse outcome. (Read the full article)




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Effect of Early Limited Formula on Duration and Exclusivity of Breastfeeding in At-Risk Infants: An RCT

Public health policy focuses on reducing formula use for breastfed infants during the birth hospitalization. Observational evidence supports this approach, but no previous studies have examined the effect of early use of small volumes of formula on eventual breastfeeding duration.

Use of limited volumes of formula during the birth hospitalization may improve breastfeeding duration for newborns with high early weight loss. Reducing the use of formula during the birth hospitalization could be detrimental for some subpopulations of healthy term newborns. (Read the full article)




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Health of Children Classified as Underweight by CDC Reference but Normal by WHO Standard

Many US children aged 6 to 24 months who would be classified as low weight-for-age by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000 reference will be classified as normal weight-for-age by the World Health Organization 2006 standard.

Children who will be reclassified from low to normal weight-for-age using the World Health Organization growth standard are at higher risk of adverse health outcomes than children who are not low weight-for-age by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reference. (Read the full article)




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ADHD and Learning Disabilities in Former Late Preterm Infants: A Population-Based Birth Cohort

Previous studies have reported that former late preterm infants are at increased risk for future learning and behavioral problems; thus it has been suggested that their development be closely monitored.

This population-based study indicates that the risk for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and learning disabilities may not be higher in former late preterm infants, and therefore intensive neurodevelopmental follow-up may not be required for all late preterm infants. (Read the full article)




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Potential Asphyxia and Brainstem Abnormalities in Sudden and Unexpected Death in Infants

Certain characteristics of the sleep environment increase the risk for sleep-related, sudden, and unexplained infant death. These characteristics have the potential to generate asphyxia. The relationship between the deaths occurring in these environments and neurochemical abnormalities in the brainstem that may impair protective responses to asphyxia is unknown.

We report neurochemical brainstem abnormalities underlying cases of sudden infant death that are associated with and without potential asphyxial situations in the sleep environment at death. The means to detect and treat these abnormalities in infants at risk are needed. (Read the full article)




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School Violence, Mental Health, and Educational Performance in Uganda

Violence from school staff toward children is anecdotally widespread, but there are few empirical data on prevalence and health consequences, especially in low-income settings.

Despite a ban on corporal punishment, just over 52% of children in Luwero District experienced physical violence from school staff members in the previous week. This was associated with poor mental health in boys and girls and poor educational performance in girls. (Read the full article)