One embodiment relates to a feedback receiver (FBR). The FBR includes a FBR signal input configured to receive a radio frequency (RF) signal, a first local oscillator (LO) signal input configured to receive a first LO signal having an LO frequency, and a second LO signal input configured to receive a second LO signal having the LO frequency. The second LO signal is phase shifted by approximately 90° relative to the first LO signal. FBR also includes a divider that induces a time-varying phase shift in the first and second LO signals while concurrently retaining a 90° phase shift between the first and second LO signals.

An apparatus and a method of compensating for an I/Q imbalance in a direct up-conversion system prevents the performance of the system from being deteriorated by efficiently compensating for an I/Q timing skew, an I/Q phase imbalance, and an I/Q gain imbalance by using a characteristic of an OFDM scheme in an Orthogonal Frequency Domain Multiple (Access) (OFDM(A)) system using a direct up-conversion scheme. According to the apparatus and the method of compensating for an I/Q imbalance in the direct up-conversion system of the present invention, an OFDM(A) system using a direct up-conversion scheme may efficiently compensate for I/Q timing skew, I/Q phase imbalance, and I/Q gain imbalance by using a characteristic of an OFDMA scheme, so that a performance of the system is prevented from being deteriorated.

A method of transmitting a training signal in a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) system includes generating one or more first training signals for a first destination station and one or more second training signals for a second destination station by applying a mapping matrix P to a training signal generation sequence, mapping the first training signals and the second training signals to a plurality of antennas according to an antenna mapping matrix, and performing Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) on each of the first training signals and the second training signals mapped to the plurality of antennas and transmitting the training signals through the plurality of antennas.

The disclosure provides a method and device for retransmitting data under antenna gain imbalance, and the method includes: determining that gains of multiple antennas at a transmission terminal are imbalanced; using a better spatial sub-channel in the multiple antennas to retransmit data when streams transmitted by the multiple antennas adopt a same Modulation and Coding Scheme; and using a better spatial sub-channel in the multiple antennas to retransmit data and/or using a single-stream approach to retransmit data when the streams transmitted by the multiple antennas adopt different Modulation and Coding Schemes. The disclosure selects a corresponding retransmission approach according to the condition of a spatial sub-channel on which streams have an error, thus improving and ensuring success rate for retransmitting a stream.

A phase offset compensator for compensating a phase offset is provided. The phase offset includes a first phase sub-offset and a second phase sub-offset. The phase offset compensator includes a feedback loop comprising a first loop filter, the feedback loop being configured to compensate the first phase sub-offset of the phase offset, and a feed forward loop comprising a second loop filter, the feed forward loop being configured to compensate the second phase sub-offset of the phase offset.

Systems and methods for carrier phase recovery are provided. One method includes providing a reference signal, detecting an input signal and determining a Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of the input signal. The method also includes employing a Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) algorithm based on the SNR to determine a Carrier Phase Recovery Loop (CPRL) bandwidth.

This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus for receiving paging messages in fast fading scenarios. In one aspect, a method of demodulating a paging message during an assigned time slot by a wireless communications apparatus operating in an idle mode is provided. The method includes determining, in anticipation of the assigned time slot, an expected time position corresponding to a path of a pilot signal having a greater signal strength relative to other pilot signals. The method further includes assigning a first demodulation element to demodulate the pilot signal with reference to the expected time position and assigning a second demodulation element to demodulate the pilot signal with reference to a time offset from the expected time position. Other aspects, embodiments, and features are also claimed and described.

A demodulator processes a continuous-time signal to generate at a plurality of encoded bits. An inner decoder processes a first subset of bits within the plurality of encoded bits to correct selected ones of the first subset of bits to form a corrected first subset of bits and to generate partially corrected data from the plurality of encoded bits based on the corrected first subset of bits. An outer decoder processes the partially decoded data, to correct selected ones of a second subset of the plurality of encoded bits to form a corrected second subset of bits. A bit combiner generates data estimates by combining the corrected first subset of bits and the corrected second subset of bits.

A communication apparatus with a multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) channel, includes a minimum mean square error (MMSE) detector configured to estimate quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) symbols based on signals received through the MIMO channel. The apparatus further includes a QAM demodulator configured to demodulate the estimated QAM symbols, and estimate a first posterior probability of each of encoded bits of the estimated QAM symbols, and a first module configured to remove a first prior probability of each of the encoded bits from the first posterior probability to generate soft estimates of the encoded bits. The apparatus further includes a channel decoder configured to decode the encoded bits based on the soft estimates, and generate an improved posterior probability of each of the encoded bits, and a second module configured to generate a second prior probability of each of the encoded bits based on the improved posterior probability.

Various embodiments associated with an at least fourth-order cumulant of a signal are described. The at least fourth-order noise-insensitive cumulant of the signal can be taken and compared against an at least fourth-order noise-insensitive cumulant of known signals. A match can be found between the signal and a known signal and from this match, a demodulation scheme of the signal can be determined. The demodulation scheme can be used to demodulate the signal.

A system that incorporates the subject disclosure may include, for example, a process that includes adjusting a filter in electrical communication between an input terminal and a demodulator. The filter is applied to an information bearing signal, e.g., to mitigate interference, received at the input terminal, resulting in a filtered signal. An error signal is received, indicative of errors detected within information obtained by demodulation of a modulated carrier of the filtered signal. A modified filter state is determined in response to the error signal and the filter is adjusted according to the modified filter state, e.g., to improve mitigation of the interference. Other embodiments are disclosed.

In general, the present invention provides methods and apparatuses for exploiting the extra degree of freedom provided by the sensing of the CM signal along with the DM signal at the receiver end of a wireline communication system. According to certain aspects, this extra degree of freedom can be used to cancel alien noises at the receiver in both upstream downstream directions. According to further aspects, a CM channel can be potentially used to exploit the diversity created in the CM channel along with the regular DM channel. This acts as the motivation for employing a diversity receiver scheme at the receiver, especially in downstream communications received at a Customer Premises.

A receiving circuit, use, and method for receiving an encoded and modulated radio signal is provided. The circuit comprise a demodulator and a digital filter connected downstream of the demodulator for moving averaging. The filter has at least two FIFO registers and subtractors. Whereby for subtracting an output value of the FIFO register from an input value of the FIFO register a subtractor is connected to each FIFO register. Wherein the filter has a weighting unit, which is connected downstream of each FIFO register, and wherein the filter has an integrator, which is connected downstream of the subtractors for integration.

A wideband multi-channel receiver comprises an antenna configured to receive a radio frequency band. A band-pass filter is in signal communication with the antenna, and a low-noise amplifier is in signal communication with the band-pass filter. A mixer is in signal communication with the low-noise amplifier and is configured to translate a radio frequency band to an intermediate frequency (IF) band. A tunable local oscillator is in signal communication with the mixer. At least one fixed-frequency notch filter is in signal communication with the mixer, with the notch filter configured to reject at least one interference signal in the IF band while passing remaining signals in the IF band. An analog-to-digital converter is in signal communication with the notch filter and is configured to convert the remaining signals in the IF band to digital signals.

A method and system provides for execution of calibration cycles from time to time during normal operation of the communication channel. A calibration cycle includes de-coupling the normal data source from the transmitter and supplying a calibration pattern in its place. The calibration pattern is received from the communication link using the receiver on the second component. A calibrated value of a parameter of the communication channel is determined in response to the received calibration pattern. The steps involved in calibration cycles can be reordered to account for utilization patterns of the communication channel. For bidirectional links, calibration cycles are executed which include the step of storing received calibration patterns on the second component, and retransmitting such calibration patterns back to the first component for use in adjusting parameters of the channel at first component.

A data transmission apparatus disposed within two network layers operative at different data rates is provided. The data transmission apparatus is coupled to a clock generator which provides a reference clock for a lower network layer and is coupled to a frequency synthesizer with an integer division factor that generates a divided clock for an upper network layer according to the reference clock and the integer division factor. The data transmission apparatus includes a first processing circuit and a second processing circuit. The first processing circuit corresponding to the upper network layer receives and transmits data by using the divided clock as its operation frequency. The second processing circuit corresponding to the lower network layer receives and transmits data from the first processing circuit by using the reference clock as an operation frequency for encoding data. The divided clock is generated from the frequency synthesizer with the integer division factor.

The present invention discloses a dual-channel analog door entry system and a method thereof. The dual-channel analog door entry system comprises two cables connected between the building gateway and the floor distributors, configured to transmit audio and/or video signals between the outdoor stations and indoor phones; the building gateway, configured to receive a call request from at least one of the outdoor stations, identify and assign an available cable as an intercom channel, send the call request to each of the floor distributors via the intercom channel, and switch the audio and/or video signals from the outdoor station to the available cable; at least one of floor distributors, configured to receive and forward the call request to a desired indoor phone, receive a call response from the desired indoor phone if the desired indoor phone is available, and switch the audio and/or video signals from the available cable to the desired indoor phone. The solutions of the present invention achieves great improvement on line busy probability for large buildings and communities; and the solution is smart and simple to implement with low additional cost for reconstruction.

A method and apparatus prioritizing video information during coding and decoding. Video information is received and an element of the video information, such as a visual object, video object layer, video object plane or keyregion, is identified. A priority is assigned to the identified element and the video information is encoded into a bitstream, such as a visual bitstream encoded using the MPEG-4 standard, including an indication of the priority of the element. The priority information can then be used when decoding the bitstream to reconstruct the video information.

A direction of regularity, which minimizes a directional energy computed from pixel values of consecutive first and second frames of an input video sequence, is respectively associated with each pixel of the first frame and with each pixel of the second frame. Another direction of regularity (vz), which minimizes a directional energy computed from pixel values of the first and second frames, is also associated with an output pixel (z) of a frame of an output video sequence, located in time between the first and second frames. For processing such output pixel, the respective minimized directional energies for the output pixel, at least one pixel (z') of the first frame and at least one pixel (z″) of the second frame are compared to control an interpolation performed to determine a value of the output pixel. The interpolation uses pixel values from at least one of the first and second frames of the input video sequence depending on the comparison of the minimized directional energies.

Described herein are systems and methods for accurately estimating and removing a carrier frequency offset. One exemplary embodiment relates to a system comprising a frequency offset detection circuit detecting a carrier frequency offset in an optical signal, and a frequency testing circuit calculating an estimated frequency offset value of the carrier frequency offset, wherein the frequency testing circuit removes a carrier phase based on the estimated frequency offset value and recovers the optical signal. Another exemplary embodiment relates to a method comprising detecting a carrier frequency offset in an optical signal, calculating an estimated frequency offset value of the carrier frequency offset, removing a carrier phase based on the estimated frequency offset value, and recovering the optical signal.

The present invention relates to a wireless transmission system for signals intended more specifically for a domestic environment. It includes a central terminal comprising at least m transmission channels and n directive transmission antennas intended to transmit first signals at least one client terminal having at least one reception channel connected to a reception antenna in order to receive the first signals said central terminal and said client terminal communicating in a transmission channel having a predetermined frequency band, and an estimation device able to generate an item of information representative of the reception quality of first signals in at least one point of a predetermined geographic zone associated with the client terminal and a return channel in order to transmit said at least one item of information to the control means of the central terminal.

In a wireless network, plural downlink signals from plural base stations are transmitted to a terminal. The plural downlink signals all carry the same information to the terminal. The terminal provides feedback on the downlink channels. The feedback provides information on the taps of the channels. The amount of information fed back is constrained. Based on the feedback, transmission parameters of the downlink signals are adjusted. The process of transmitting, providing feedback, and adjusting the parameters continue so that the energy of the downlink signal is enhanced at the terminal location and suppressed elsewhere. Beam forming can be used to further suppress the energy signature at locations other than the terminal location.

A method of calibrating an envelope tracking system for a supply voltage for a power amplifier module within a radio frequency (RF) transmitter module. The method includes deriving a mapping function between an instantaneous envelope of a waveform signal to be amplified by the power amplifier module and the power amplifier module supply voltage to achieve a constant power amplifier module gain based on a gain compression factor, setting an envelope tracking path of the transmitter module into an envelope tracking mode in which mapping between the instantaneous envelope of the waveform signal and the power amplifier module supply voltage is performed using the derived mapping function, applying a training signal comprising an envelope that varies with time to the RF transmitter module, measuring a battery current, modifying the gain compression factor based on the measured battery current, and re-deriving the mapping function based on the modified gain compression factor.

A mobile wireless device maintains a radio sector database. When receiving no response or a negative response from a radio sector to a transmitted signaling message, the mobile wireless device adds or updates the radio sector database. When receiving a positive response from the radio sector, the mobile wireless device deletes the radio sector from the radio sector database. Before transmitting signaling messages to a radio sector, the mobile device determines a time delay value if the radio sector is in the radio sector database. The mobile wireless device discards the signaling message when an elapsed time since a most recently transmitted signaling message to the radio sector does not exceed the determined time delay value. In an embodiment, each radio sector in the radio sector database includes a failure count value, and the determined time delay value depends on the failure count value.

A coupling device for use in a hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC) network may be configured to disable an upstream path through it when there is only noise incident on the upstream path, and enable the upstream path through it when a desired transmission from a cable modem downstream of the coupling device is incident on the upstream path. The coupling device may be a trunk amplifier, a distribution amplifier, a splitter, or the like. The coupling device may comprise a single upstream interface coupled to a plurality of downstream interfaces. The enabling and/or disabling may be in response to a signal strength indicated by the SSI being below a threshold and/or in response to one or more control messages indicating whether any downstream cable modem is, or will be, transmitting.

Techniques for extracting the characteristic response of a non-linear channel are presented. In various implementations of the invention, a channel's characteristic response may be determined by identifying a first input sequence, determining the ones compliment of the first input sequence and then determining the response of the channel to these two input sequences. Subsequently, two input matrices and two response matrices may be generated based upon the two input sequences and their corresponding responses. Given these four matrices, a symmetrical response component may be determined by iteratively solving a system of equations formed from the columns of each matrix. Subsequently, given the symmetric component and these four matrices, an asymmetrical response component may be determined by again iteratively solving the system of equations for the columns of each matrix.

In this VSWR measurement circuit, a power measurement unit measures the power level of a reflected signal which is included in a feedback signal which has been extracted at a second CPL which has been deployed at a position connecting to an antenna end via a cable. To this end, the VSWR measurement circuit is provided with a main signal component removal circuit, wherein the main signal which has been extracted from the prestage of a digital pre-distortion circuit, and a signal in which the feedback signal that had been extracted at the second CPL has been converted to a digital signal at an A/D CONV, are provided as inputs, the main signal component included in the feedback signal is removed, and only the reflected signal is extracted so as to be output to the power measurement unit.

A transport stream (TS) generating apparatus, a transmitting apparatus, a receiving apparatus, a digital broadcast system having the above, and a method thereof are provided. The digital broadcast system includes a transport stream (TS) generating apparatus which generates a multi transport stream (TS) by multiplexing a normal stream and a turbo stream having a variable coding rate, a transmitting apparatus which re-constructs the multi TS by processing the turbo stream, and transmits the re-constructed multi TS, and a receiving apparatus which receives the re-constructed multi TS, and decodes the normal stream and the turbo stream respectively, to recover normal data and turbo data. Accordingly, a multi TS, which includes normal stream and a turbo stream of various coding rates, can be transmitted and received efficiently.

Various methods and systems for efficiently performing the blind decoding of downlink signals is described. Several forms of arranging possible CCE combinations are examined and investigated. Based on PDCCH size estimation/information, CCE concatenations that are most likely (of of limited sets) can be arrived at. Tree-based concatenations are also devised using largest CCE ordering to align smaller CCE sizes to similar boundaries. By such ordering, the search space for all possible CCE ordering and sizes can be reduced to an efficient tree. Set mapping between possible lnposelstartCCElnposelend/REs are also described using a first set to secondary and tertiary sets. Various other ordering and sorting schemes are also detailed that enable a blind decode of a PDCCH channel to be efficiently performed.

A method is provided for improving synchronization and information transmission in a communication system, including: generating a signal with a centrally symmetric part s(k) exploitable for synchronization; and sending the signal over a communication channel. The signal is based on a uniquely identifiable sequence c(l) from a set of sequences exploitable for information transmission. The centrally symmetric part s(k) is centrally symmetric in the shape of absolute value thereof. The centrally symmetric part s(k) is of arbitrary length N.

A method and device that interrogates the availability of a called party before placing a communication from the calling party to the called party. A callback may be initiated so that both communications are completed simultaneously. The routing of communication may take place through any one of a number of different networks and at another time of the day, even if the caller does not otherwise have access to those networks.

An image processing apparatus includes a system managing unit configured to manage an apparatus status of apparatus hardware; an acquiring unit configured to acquire application status information of an application from the application and apparatus status information from the system managing unit; an input unit configured to accept a display request for displaying a status monitor screen indicating an overall system status; a screen generating unit configured to receive the display request and generate the status monitor screen based on the application status information and the apparatus status information acquired by the acquiring unit, the status monitor screen including an application status display and an apparatus status display; and a display unit configured to display the status monitor screen generated by the screen generating unit.

A display apparatus includes a display section, a display control section, a distance detection section, and a coordinate detection section. The display section has a display area in which a selection image is displayed. When the selection image is formed by a plurality of images hierarchically associated with one another, the display control section displays consecutively the images configuring the selection image in accordance with the hierarchical association. The distance detection section detects a spatial distance between a pointer and the display area. The coordinate detection section detects coordinates which correspond to a position of the pointer. The display control section displays, together with a specified image displayed at a position corresponding to the coordinates detected by the coordinate detection section, related images in an immediately lower level in the hierarchy associated with the specified image, when the spatial distance detected is shorter than a preset threshold distance.

In some embodiments, a method for processing output of at least one microphone of a device (e.g., a headset) to identify at least one touch gesture exerted by a user on the device, including by distinguishing the gesture from input to the microphone other than a touch gesture intended by the user, and by distinguishing between a tap exerted by the user on the device and at least one dynamic gesture exerted by the user on the device, where the output of the at least one microphone is also indicative of ambient sound (e.g., voice utterences). Other embodiments are systems for detecting ambient sound (e.g., voice utterences) and touch gestures, each including a device including at least one microphone and a processor coupled and configured to process output of each microphone to identify at least one touch gesture exerted by a user on the device.

A proof information processing apparatus adds a plurality of types of annotative information to a proof image by use of a plurality of input modes for inputting respective different types of annotative information. A proof information processing method is carried out by using the proof information processing apparatus. A recording medium stores a program for performing the functions of the proof information processing apparatus. An electronic proofreading system includes the proof information processing apparatus and a remote server. At least one of input modes including a text input mode, a stylus input mode, a color information input mode, and a speech input mode is selected depending on characteristics of an image in a region of interest which is indicated.

An image-based georeferencing system comprises an image receiver, an image identification processor, a reference feature determiner, and a feature locator. The image receiver is configured for receiving a first image for use in georeferencing. The image comprises digital image information. The system includes a communicative coupling to a georeferenced images database of images. The image identification processor is configured for identifying a second image from the georeferenced images database that correlates to the first image. The system includes a communicative coupling to a geographic location information system. The reference feature determiner is configured for determining a reference feature common to both the second image and the first image. The feature locator is configured for accessing the geographic information system to identify and obtain geographic location information related to the common reference feature.

The present invention relates to a system, method, and apparatus that include a novel way of automatically assigning materials to 3D CAD models. A predefined material template specifies that a particular part or material name is assigned to a particular material such that all instances of the particular part name are assigned or modified automatically by the material template. By having a consistent naming convention for the parts in the CAD file, this material assignment can be performed automatically when the CAD file is imported or viewed.

A cloud computing system for object location, object identification, object picking, object picking by line, object loading onto one or more transport devices, or object delivery that can include using a cloud based server comprising a cloud based processor in communication with a cloud based data storage. The cloud based server can be in communication with at least one mobile processor in communication with a mobile data storage and a display. The method can also include sending instructions to an operator from the cloud based computer to a mobile processor associated with an operator to instruct the operator to perform a logistics operation. The logistic operation can include one or more of object location, object identification, object picking, object picking by line, object loading onto one or more transport devices, and object delivery.

Methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for improving memory training results corresponding to a plurality of memory modules are provided. Embodiments include detecting a hardware configuration change upon initiating a boot sequence of a system that includes the plurality of memory modules; generating for a plurality of training iterations, reference training values corresponding to aligning of a data strobe (DQS) signal with a data valid window of data (DQ) lines of the plurality of memory modules; identifying for each training iteration, any outer values within the reference training values generated for that training iteration; eliminating the identified outer values from the reference training values; generating a final reference training value based on an average of the remaining reference training values; and using the final reference training value as the DQ-DQS timing value for the boot sequence of the system.

View definitions are created for deterministic performance analysis in real-time computing systems, and can then be used to present views for analyzing outliers that occur during run-time execution. Trace data created by a real-time application is compared to a set of view definitions to determine whether the trace data matches the view definition. If so, then related records from the trace are gathered according to specifications in the matched view definition, and calculations (such as elapsed time) can then be performed using the related records. A view definition may be created by prompting a user for selection of parameters to be programmatically inserted into a markup language document. A capability may be provided whereby a user can receive additional information (which is extracted from the trace data, according to specifications in the matched view definition) upon a user gesture such as hovering a selection means over a displayed view.

Aspects of the disclosure relate generally to providing a user with an image navigation experience. In order to do so, a reference image may be identified. A set of potential target images for the reference image may also be identified. A drag vector for user input relative to the reference image is determined. For particular image of the set of target images an associated cost is determined based at least in part on a cost function and the drag vector. A target image is selected based on the determined associated costs.

A user may couple an external display to an electronic device using a communications path. Extended display identification data or other information on the capabilities of the external display may be provided to the electronic device over the communications path. The extended display identification data may include a list of timing elements including display parameters such as a horizontal active pixel count, a vertical active pixel count, and a pixel clock. The electronic device may tag the timing elements with their type and may flag certain timing elements as being native to the display. A scoring function may then be used to rate each timing element. A scored list of timing elements may be sorted by score. The sorted scored list may be filtered to remove inappropriate timing elements. The electronic device may automatically use a selected one of the filtered timing elements in displaying information on the external display.

Embodiments of the present invention disclose a method for adjusting soft keyboard layout. The method includes: displaying an option for adjusting a soft keyboard layout; receiving information that a user selects the option for adjusting the soft keyboard layout, and after receiving the information that the user selects the option for adjusting the soft keyboard layout, displaying a soft keyboard adjustment interface on a touch screen, and receiving an adjustment scheme input by the user; and modifying the soft keyboard layout according to the adjustment scheme. In this way, a requirement of a user for adjusting a keyboard according to personal preference is satisfied.

A client-server computing system includes a server that has a virtual display driver that classifies and, if necessary, translates graphics application programming interface (API) functions to a cross-platform format. Classification involves determining whether the graphics command(s) are platform-specific and/or client-supported functions. After classification and translation, the graphics command(s) are marshaled and transmitted to a client via a network. The client includes a client display driver that executes the functions using a client 3D library and renders the resulting image data to a display.

A display device includes: a pixel area comprising pixels in rows and columns; main power lines at a first side of the pixel area and a second side of the pixel area facing the first side; first sub-power lines coupled to a first main power line of the main power lines formed at the first side and extending into the pixel area in a column direction; and second sub-power lines coupled to a second main power line of the main power lines formed at the second side and extending into the pixel area in the column direction, wherein the first sub-power lines and the second sub-power lines extend in different columns of pixels, and wherein a column of pixels of the pixels are alternatingly coupled to a neighboring sub-power line of the first sub-power lines and a neighboring sub-power line of the second sub-power lines.

In a first subframe period, light sources of a first region and a third region emit lights at the same time; light sources of a second region and a fourth region emit no light at the same time, in which light emission of different colors is performed in the first region and the third region. In a second subframe period, light sources of the second region and the fourth region emit lights at the same time; light sources of the first region and the third region emit no light at the same time, in which light emission of different colors is performed in the second region and the fourth region. The first region and the third region are separated from each other with the second region interposed therebetween; and the second region and the fourth region are separated from each other with the third region interposed therebetween.

A device for optically focusing a projection image projected by a projector includes a detector for controlled creation of at least one observation shot of the projection image over a time period, a processing unit for defining at least one image section within the projection image generated by the projector, where the image section is modulated over the time period with respect to the optical power and/or the optical spectrum thereof, and the at least one image section of the projection image is essentially synchronous compared with the corresponding respective image section of the observation shot, where the processing unit also calculates a variable derived from the comparison of the respective image sections and a control signal derived from the derived variable, and outputs the control signal to a focusing device of the projector.

In the present disclosure, there is disclosed a communication device including a pre-loading module configured to retrieve a first and a second set of flyer image tiles from a flyer image tile set stored in memory, the first set of flyer image tiles being associated with the most zoomed-out state and the second set of flyer image tiles being associated with a zoom level of a current viewport. The pre-loading module is further configured to associate the first set of flyer image tiles with an underlay viewport. The communication device further includes a display configured to display the first set of flyer image tiles in the underlay viewport that are visible in the current viewport and overlay the second set of flyer image tiles visible in the current viewport onto the first set of flyer image tiles.

A method and apparatus for shader data repair utilizing a Redundant Shader Switch (RSS). The RSS consists of an input and output section whereby when a defective shader pipe is detected, the RSS multiplexes shader pipe data destined to the defective shader pipe to a redundant shader pipe array for processing. Once processed, the shader pipe data is multiplexed back to the RSS where the processed shader pipe data is directed to the corresponding output column of the RSS. The RSS contains delay pipes used to re-align and synchronize the repaired shader pipe data with output export data.

An object is to provide a convenient display device which consumes sufficiently small amount of power and a method for driving such a display device. The display device can be in an off state with a still image displayed in a still image display mode in which a pixel electrode and a common electrode which are for applying a voltage to the display element are brought into a floating state so that a voltage applied to the display element is held, and a still image is displayed without further supply of a potential. The display device is put to an off state with a desired image displayed in the still image display mode, whereby the display device can have a higher level of security and can be more convenient.