A firearm is provided that includes a receiver, a stock, an elongated barrel and a muzzle. The barrel extends from the receiver to the muzzle and has a rectangular internal bore extending from the receiver to the muzzle. The internal bore has two short sides and two long sides. A plurality of teeth extends along one of the short sides within the internal bore. A disk-shaped bullet fitting within the internal bore may be fired from the firearm. A bullet case having a rectangular orifice is provided to chamber the disk-shaped bullet for propulsion through the rectangular internal bore of the firearm.

Disclosed is a double linkage triggering system including a main body, which has a trigger unit and a shooting unit. The trigger unit is capable of being contacted with the shooting unit. The trigger unit comprises a bracket body, a trigger block, a hammer, a trigger power-adjusting bolt, a triggering mechanism and a trigger-safety device. The hammer is hinge connected to the bracket body. The trigger block is hinge connected to the bracket body and each end of the trigger block is respectively capable of being limited by the hammer and the trigger power-adjusting bolt. The shooting unit has a sight stand, a guide device, a pressure plate, a rotary latch, a roof plate, a latching plate, a returning device, and an anti-empty shooting mechanism. The returning device is inserted into the roof plate. The roof plate is hinge connected to the latching plate.

A portable device to compress a bow comprising a pulley system with a block and tackle and fixed pulleys which, by wiring, are connected to a set of fastening supports with fastening ends. The fastening ends fasten and pull the ends of the arms or limbs of a bow, under traction exerted by the block and tackle. The block and tackle has a drive portion and a brake controlling the traction and release of the cables connected to the fastening supports. Upon pulling the drive portion, the block and tackle produces the approach between the first and the second pulleys. This displacement between the pulleys acts on the cables which, through the fixed pulleys, cause the approach between the fastening supports. This displacement of the fastening supports overcomes the resistance of the bow and compresses it. Once the desired compressive level is reached, the brake or blockage is actuated.

In some embodiments, a connector attaches to an axle of an archery bow and comprises a cable terminal. The connector comprises a first body portion made from a first material and a second body portion made from a second material different from the first material. The first body portion defines an aperture therethrough arranged to engage the axle. The second body portion has a groove extending around at least a portion of its periphery, forming a teardrop shape. In some embodiments, the connector is configured to snap-fit onto an axle and be removable without tools.

A ball feeder assembly for a ball projecting machine includes a stand, an upper frame, a ball delivery element coupled to the frame, and a ball feeder member coupled to the ball delivery element. The assembly is configured for supporting a cylindrical ball bucket. The frame is movably coupled to the stand between at least a first position in which the frame is configured to support the bucket in a position with a top end at a higher elevation than a bottom end such that the longitudinal axis of the bucket is at angle within 0 and 80 degrees from a vertical plane, and a second position in which the frame is configured to support the bucket in a downward position with the bottom end at a higher elevation than the upper end such that the axis is within 5 to 90 degrees with respect to a horizontal plane.

Exemplary embodiments of a gas pressure regulator comprise a regulator body, an adaptor sleeve, a retainer and an indexing ring. The regulator body includes a proximal portion, a distal portion, a ported intermediate portion therebetween, and a main bore. The adaptor sleeve axially receives the distal portion and includes an outer threading for engaging an air source adaptor of a paintball marker. The retainer threadably engages the main bore within the distal end, thereby axially securing the adaptor sleeve onto the distal end. The indexing ring receives the distal portion therethrough for resiliently biased axial movement of the indexing ring between a locking position and an unlocking position. When the indexing ring is in its unlocking position, the adaptor sleeve is rotatable with respect to the regulator body. When the indexing ring is in its locking position, the adaptor sleeve is rendered substantially non-rotatable with respect to the regulator body.

A device for controlling the firing of an airsoft gun is provided with a valve under a butt. Pressurized air from a high pressure air canister is directed to a rear section of a chamber in the butt. Opening of a valve directs the pressurized air further into a front section of the chamber via the valve so as to bring a plastic pellet to a ready to fire position. Closing of the valve causes pressurized air in the chamber to push a plunger forward to fire the plastic pellet.

A grip guard may be used with a crossbow that has a main beam including a stock and a barrel. The grip guard may have a first wall that is positioned between the stock and the barrel and a second wall that extends outwardly from the main beam. The first wall may have dampening properties to attenuate sounds and vibrations caused by firing the crossbow and the second wall may prevent a user's fingers from inadvertently extending from the handle toward the barrel.

A toy pump action rifle for launching discs having an outer housing, a stock, a grip, a trigger, a handle for cocking the rifle and a revolving drum for storing multiple discs. Within the housing is a mechanism for removing discs, one at a time, from the drum where the discs are arranged in a first position, rotating each disc 90° to a second position, and transporting each disc to a discharge chamber. The mechanism includes a transfer arm to remove each disc from the drum, a disc pocket for receiving the removed disc, the pocket being rotatable to reorient the disc, and disc pocket also being slidable to carry the disc to the discharge chamber. Activation of the trigger releases a cocked launch arm that snaps forward and strikes the disc to cause discharge.

A crossbow 100 includes a rifle-style stock 22, barrel 23, bowstring 1, and a string release housing 21 with a novel string release assembly. The string release assembly in string release housing 21 includes a string latch 12 for retaining fully-drawn and cocked bowstring 1 against a string horn 19, a trigger 6 for releasing or shooting the arrow 2, a safety button 25 for the movement of the safety plate 7 from the safe position to the fire position, and a load lever 4 for loading the arrow 2. There is a safety button 25 on each side of the release housing 21 so that the safety of crossbow 100 may be operated by a right-handed or left-handed shooter. Bowstring 1 rests against the inclined surface 29 of the string horn 19 and is retained in the fully-drawn and cocked position between the string latch tangs 30 and 31 and the inclined surface 29 of the string horn 19. The load of the fully-drawn bowstring 1 is distributed between and born by the inclined the string latch tangs 30 and 31 and the inclined surface 29 of string horn 19.

A trigger assembly for a crossbow comprises a string retainer and a trigger mechanism. The trigger assembly can further comprise a piston, a safety mechanism, a secondary safety mechanism, a bolt sensor, or a pair of rotating sears. The string retainer can comprise a pair of opposed jaws.

An adjustable mechanical vibration limiting and absorbing device for an archery bow including a hollow housing and two groups of elastomer washers provided in the hollow housing with a means for preventing the first group from advancing out of the hollow housing and separating the first group from the second group. In addition, a fastener extends through the center of the first and second groups of elastomer washers and a lock nut and weight are provided on the projecting end of the fastener.

A double-magazine (“Dmag”) able to house projectile ammunition for a projectile launcher having a first ammunition channel, a second ammunition channel, and a flexible projectile control bar (“FPCB”) is disclosed. In one embodiment, the first ammunition channel contains a first set or column of projectiles and the second ammunition channel which is situated in parallel to the first ammunition channel is configured to house a second set of projectiles. Dmag also includes a follower with a follower lock capable of moving along the first ammunition channel. The follower is configured to push the first set of projectiles toward a first ammunition supply port of the first ammunition channel. The FPCB has a first flexible flap which keeps the first set of projectiles from reaching the loading port of the launcher until the follower lock is released.

A projectile for launching through the air comprises a body and one or more projecting members integral therewith extending outwardly a distance from the body, which can be hollow or solid. The projectile is formed from an elastomeric material capable of being stretched to energize the projectile for launching. The projecting members are positioned a distance apart from one another and include openings disposed therethrough at distal ends for engaging sections of a launching device. The launching device includes a handle with the sections extending outwardly therefrom to accommodate placement of the projectile openings thereagainst for retaining the projectile before and during launch. The projectile is launched from the device by pulling the body away from the launching device to energize the projectile, and then releasing the energized projectile, causing it to be propelled from the launching device into the air and towards a desired target.

According to an exemplary embodiment, a toy dart launcher comprises a housing defining an interior recess and a launch assembly. The launch assembly is at least partially disposed within the interior recess and comprises: a projectile feed, a slidable frame, and a launch mechanism. The projectile feed is rotatably disposed within the interior recess and comprises a plurality of receiving chambers each adapted to receive one or more projectiles. The slidable frame has at least one engagement finger rotatably disposed thereon, and is movable with respect to the projectile feed so that the at least one engagement finger can engage and move at least one projectile through at least one receiving chamber. The launch mechanism is disposed rearwardly of the projectile feed and is configured to create a pressure differential about the at least one projectile so that the at least one projectile can be launched from the housing.

A universal wrist strap, for connection to a plurality of different bowstring release mechanisms via a plurality of different connecting members, includes a flexible base member adapted to fit around the wrist of a user and a mounting assembly connected to the wrist strap. The flexible base member has first and second arms that converge towards an apex area. The mounting assembly is connected to the apex area and is adapted to receive and retain the plurality of different connecting members.

A dart launcher comprises a housing, a safety arm, and a trigger. The housing includes a launching section configured to receive a dart having a minimum threshold length. The safety arm is movably attached to the housing and extends at least partially across the launching section. The safety arm is positioned so that the dart having the minimum threshold length engages at least a portion of the safety arm upon insertion into the launching section. The trigger is movable with respect to the housing and is operable to cause the dart having the minimum threshold length to launch from the launching section.

The present invention relates to a three dimensionally fiber-reinforced riser and to the unitary or single-step methods of making the same. In one embodiment (a cross bow riser for example), the riser has an interior support with opposed side members and a front brace. The front brace has a depression centrally located therein. Two side ribs are also provided for structural support. Two pockets each optionally having a divider wall defining a top and bottom section are provided for receiving respective top and bottom pieces of a split limb, when a split limb is used. The riser can be made of a composite material having fibers aligned there within in the directions of the highest stresses for enhancing the structural strength of the riser. Other bow parts or components can likewise be made via composite material as well.

The apparatus for mounting at least one dampener and/or stabilizer to an archery bow to absorb shock and vibration realized by an archer upon the release of the archery bow. The present invention provides an elongated support structure releasably connectable to the at least one dampener and/or stabilizer. A releasable fastener is connected to one end of the support structure, and the releasable fastener is releasably connectable to the archery bow such that the support structure is extendible in a cantilevered position relative to the archery bow.

An archery stabilizer which, by utilizing a carbon fiber tube or a comparable material in a tube configuration, provides for preloading the tube in compression, thereby effectively increasing the stiffness of the tube. The stabilizer includes weights, and the preloading of the tube compensates for the bending moment applied to the tube by the weights attached to the end of the tube or contained within the tube. In effect, the present invention presents an apparatus and method for loading the tube so as to allow a user to adjust the elastic modulus of the tube.

A vibration dampened barrel for a crossbow preferably includes at least two vibration dampening chambers, which extend at least a portion of a length of the vibration dampened barrel. The at least two vibration dampening chambers are at least partially filled with a vibration dampening material, such as silicone, rubber, low density foam, high density foam, or any other suitable material that absorbs noise and or vibration. The vibration dampening material is preferably applied by injection, compression, spray, pouring or any other suitable method. The vibration dampening material is retained in the at least two vibration dampening chambers by curing or hardening; mechanically confinement including the use of fasteners or a plug; or with any other suitable method. The at least two vibration dampening chambers may be partially or fully filled. The vibration dampening material may also be placed on a surface inside an extruded barrel.

A face-driver assembly and method for accurate coupling of a face driver with the spindle of a rotary-drive machining device. The assembly includes a face driver, a hub on the spindle defining a prealignment bore, a pair of self-centering coacting tooth sets on the hub and face driver, an engagement post extending into the hub and forming a prealignment shaft closely complementary to the prealignment bore, and a releasable coupling to hold and draw the engagement post rearwardly and thereby join the tooth sets in a manner facilitating final accurate centering.

A manually directed lathe tool system for removal of internally disposed material and creating a void inside a lathe turned form. As shown in FIG. 1, an articulated boring bar (32) of a tubular crosssection is slidably manipulated and supported by a plane surface (140) during a cutting action. To increase offset cutting ability several different lengths of a detachable and hinged arm assembly (40) are used. Arm assembly can be fixed or moved to three different positions relative to boring bar (FIG. 2) by manipulating a hand knob (36). A moveable and replaceable cutting tool (198) is held at the end of the arm assembly. A wall thickness caliper system (44) which ends in a tip (130) of some flexible material to allow operator appraisal of the internally disposed cutting tool's position. A back restraint assembly (141) is used to prevent the downward pitch of the boring bar's cutting end during material removal and consequent upward pitch of the opposite end of the boring bar, and especially during a highly leveraged cutting action. An outrider (38) attached to the boring bar prevents rotational movement of the tool relative to its longitudinal axis, especially during a leveraged offset cutting action. The outrider is able to be attached at several different locations on the boring bar and also serves as the support for the caliper system. Platform base (34B) is mounted rigidly to the lathe bed (30) and maintains platform assembly (34A) at a proper height. A precise wall thickness that mirrors the outside form can be achieved with this system. The system can be used to hollow-out forms not possible with previous practice. A narrow and restricted mouth opening does not hinder hollowing-out large diameters and deep forms. The operator is in control during all leveraged cutting actions and experiences minimal operator fatigue.

A positioning device for a driving shaft of a lathe chuck includes a casing, a motor received in the casing with a driving shaft of the motor extending through a first end and a second end of the casing, and a disk disposed to the first end of the casing and threadedly mounted to the driving shaft. The disk has at least one hole defined therethrough and the first end of the casing has a plurality of holes defined therethrough so that a pin is removably extending through the hole in the disk and received in one of the holes in the first end of the casing to position the driving shaft to which the lathe chuck is connected.

A copying cutting device for wood lathes including two securing stems, two form securing devices each transversely mounted at the bottom end of each securing stem, a guide track device mounted above the securing stems, a cutter mounting device having a cutter mounted thereon screwably provided at the bottom side of the guide track device, and a form tracing device screwably disposed at the rear end of the cutter. The forms securing device positions a copy, and a tracing rod of the form tracing device urges against the tracing edge of the copy. The cutter slides in the cutter mounting device, which in turn slides in the guide track device. The cutter cuts the workpiece following the contour of the copy with the help of the tracing rod.

A method of and apparatus for positioning and supporting any of several different elongated workpieces of circular, substantially square, or substantially non-square rectangular cross-sectional configuration so that a central workpiece axis is located along the same axis for any one of said workpieces includes a tailstock fixture for supporting one end of the workpiece which includes a frustoconical cavity that extends coaxial with the axis for receiving the one end of the workpiece, and a headstock fixture for supporting a second end of the workpiece opposite the first end which includes a generally cylindrical cavity extending coaxial with the axis and four equiangularly spaced workpiece engaging blades within the cylindrical cavity for engaging and supporting the second workpiece end.

An improved carving blank and mandrel for mounting the blank in a carving machine enables accurate carving of prosthetic and orthotic positive shapes. The blanks are simple to mount and dismount and means are provided enabling a repeatable mounting position in one angular orientation only to be achieved. The blanks are firmly fixed in place on the mandrel during the carving operation, and they are simple and inexpensive to manufacture thus reducing manufacturing costs while achieving high shape accuracy.

A machine for carving workpieces having substantially similar configurations generally including a base member, means disposed on the base member for retaining at least one workpiece thereon, means for rotationally indexing the workpiece disposed on the retaining means, about an axis, a working tool operatively engageable with a workpiece disposed between the retaining means, supported on the base member and displaceable along x, y and z axes pursuant to a programmed sequence of motions coordinated with the workpiece indexing means for shaping the workpiece in a selected configuration, and at least one means for successively positioning a plurality of similarly configured workpieces in a selected orientation including a support member, a jointed linkage supported on the base member, supporting the support member and manipulatable to position the support member into a support relationship with an initial one of the workpieces disposed in the selected orientation and held by the retaining means, means for fixing the interrelationship of the components of the linkage when the support member is positioned in the support relationship with the initial workpiece to place the positioning means in an operative condition and means for displacing the positioning means when in the operative condition between an operative position for supporting a sequential one of the workpieces in the selected orientation and an inoperative position.

A mechanism for clamping a banjo (10) toolrest or toolrest bracket to a lathe bed (51) which makes use of a sliding cam (40) which is actuated by a drive shaft (18). The cam is supported independently of the drive shaft by a support block (12) resting on a ledge (14) wich is formed in the base of the banjo. The cam is slidable with respect to the drive shaft along the length of this ledge on the banjo. This structure allows for sturdy clamping with minimal deflection at a predicable catching position along the length of the banjo rest. An eye bolt (20) is used to connect the cam to a clamping plate (22) which is positioned below two, spaced-apart rails (50) extending along the top of the lathe bed. The banjo rest has a generally open bottom (94) through which the shank of the eye bolt extends. Opposite ends of the drive shaft are rotatably supported by end walls (74, 76) of the banjo rest.

A machine for shaping curved wooden molding includes an arbor mounted on a housing for receiving a cylindrical workpiece formed from four lengths of curved molding blanks, a drive for rotating the arbor, and a pivot arm carrying a blade at the top end thereof for movement towards and away from a workpiece mounted on the arbor, whereby, when the top end of the pivot arm is rotated towards the arbor, the blade engages the rapidly rotating workpiece to shape the latter.

A saw for simultaneously cutting and beveling including a cut-off saw, a cutting blade, and a beveling blade. The cutting blade cuts simultaneously while the beveling blade bevels. The beveling blade preferably has a head with two faces annularly connected by an annular slanted circumference. The head has at least one notch suitable for accommodating a respective at least one tooth insert interconnected with a respective at least one cartridge. Each cartridge is interconnectable with a respective tooth insert.

The invention relates to methods for forming an emulsion explosive composition and to methods for sensitizing an emulsion explosive composition. The methods involve the in-situ expansion of organic microspheres during the formation of the emulsion explosive composition.

A cutting tool for cutting a work piece and catching debris during turning operations is described herein. The cutting tool comprises a tubular cutting member having first and second ends, the first end having a sharpened edge, and a debris receiving means connected to the second end. The tubular cutting member may have a number of different cross-sections providing a number of different cutting tool configurations for use in turning operations. The debris receiving means may further include a flexible hose having a first hose end and a second hose end, wherein the first hose end is connected to the second end of said tubular cutting member. The hose may be connected to a vacuum source to more effectively collect debris generated during turning operations. The tubular cutting member could be made in a range of sizes from one quarter inch to two inches in diameter, with a nominal tube length of from three inches to twenty inches, or even larger where needed. Both ends of the tubular cutting member could be sharpened, and reversed in the holder when one end is dull.

A wood lathe includes a driving pulley unit disposed around a rotating inner rod, a driven pulley unit disposed around an output shaft that is used to rotate a workpiece, a V-belt unit trained on the driving and driven pulley units, and a speed-adjusting unit. When a rotary knob is rotated, amovable inner half of the driven pulley unit moves toward or away from a fixed outer half of the driven pulley unit so that the V-belt unit moves a movable outer half of the driving pulley unit away from or toward a fixed inner half of the driving pulley unit. As such, the position of the V-belt unit can be adjusted relative to the driving and driven pulley units to change the rotational speed of the output shaft.

The present invention consists of a lathe attachment for installation on a portable bandsaw mill, for turning round shafts from wood blocks on the portable bandsaw mill. The lathe attachment has an elongated chassis, a tailstock and a headstock mounted on opposite ends of the chassis for holding and rotating a wood block along the chassis. Bindings are provided to retain the chassis to the cross beams of the portable bandsaw mill. In another aspect of the invention, a number of symmetrical facets are firstly sawed along the wood block prior to turning the wood block. The turning of a round shaft on the bandsaw mill is preferably effected while the alignment of the wood block or shaft makes an acute angle with the direction of movement of the bandsaw head.

A system and method allows visual programming of simultaneous and synchronous machining operations on multi-axis lathes. The system and method accounts for different combinations of simultaneous and synchronized lathe operations on the spindles which can utilize multiple tools. A graphic synchronization icon is assigned to each mode that preferably represents the lathe operation. Appropriate synchronous operations are grouped together in synchronization groups. The system and method are universal since a postprocessor processes the synchronization modes and synchronization groups, and translates them for use with computer programs understood by a particular CNC lathe.

An outer-side holding member (5) of a braking device (A) is fitted to the inner side of a large-diameter recessed portion (2g) in a rear portion of the inner side of a fishing-line winding barrel portion (2h) of a spool (2) in such a manner as to be prevented from rotating, and is prevented from coming off. An adjusting member 8 is provided at a distal end portion of the spool shaft for adjusting braking force of the braking device by relatively displacing an outer-side holding member (5) and the inner-side holding member (7) of the braking device in an axial direction.

A cutting tool piece is provided including a rear portion and a lead portion, the lead portion including a front section having an upper side angled downwardly and forwardly and a lower side angled upwardly and forwardly to form a transverse lead cutting edge. The rear portion includes a hole to secure the tool piece to a cutting tool and transverse cutting edges extending outwardly from side walls of the front section. A system is also described for cutting a bowl by coring out an interior portion of a wood block by applying the cutting tool which is curved and rotatably mounted to a post. Its lead end with the tool piece attached creates a circular groove. The cutting tool is advanced on a path which curves toward the central axis of the lathe.

A concentric coaxial cutting machine which cuts cylinders, cylindroids or cones using a chain saw from a single larger object such as a wood tree trunk, a block of ice or a block of plastic. An embodiment of the invention comprises a transverse support member having directly or indirectly mounted thereon; a headstock member including; a headstock spindle member mounted to said headstock member including; a drive spindle rotationally mounted to said headstock spindle member and adapted to rotationally retain one end of an object to be centrically cut; a tailstock member including; a tailstock spindle member mounted to said tailstock member including; a tailstock spindle rotationally mounted to said tailstock spindle member and adapted to retain an opposite end of the object; a drive assembly in rotational communication with the drive spindle and adapted to rotate said drive spindle around a common axis with said tailstock spindle; and, a first chain saw variably aligned at an angle to said common axis and adapted to concentrically cut the object from at least the opposite end.

A cutting tool piece is provided including a rear portion and a lead portion, the lead portion including a front section having an upper side angled downwardly and forwardly and a lower side angled upwardly and forwardly to form a transverse lead cutting edge. The rear portion includes a hole to secure the tool piece to a cutting tool and transverse cutting edges extending outwardly from side walls of the front section. A system is also described for cutting a bowl by coring out an interior portion of a wood block by applying the cutting tool which is curved and rotatably mounted to a post. Its lead end with the tool piece attached creates a circular groove. The cutting tool is advanced on a path which curves toward the central axis of the lathe.

A chuck (1) for angular offset woodturning including a first member (2) adapted to be secured to a lathe, and a second member (3) adapted to support a work piece and secured to the first member in such that the second member is oriented with respect to the first member between at least two configurations. The first member having a first axis (4) coaxial with an axis of rotation of the lathe and the second member having a second axis (5), and in one of the configurations the second axis is coaxial with the first axis, and in the other configuration the second axis is angularly offset. The chuck further includes a releasable fastening member (12) incorporating alignment members allowing the second member to be secured in one of the two configurations and that in the other configuration the second axis lies relative to said first axis at one of a number of predetermined angular offsets.

A composite chair storage device includes a chair, a slide mechanism and an exercise module for storing a composite chair. A first roller and a second roller are embedded into two slide rails for performing linear displacement. With the assistance of a sliding third roller and a pressure element capable of turning over an exercise equipment of an exercise module, the exercise module can be stored into a containing space of the chair or unfolded from the containing space of the chair quickly and conveniently, to achieve the effect of folding and unfolding the composite chair effectively.

A lathe accessory for a band saw including a foundation assembly adapted to attach to a table for the band saw. A translating layer assembly engages the foundation assembly and is permitted to move thereon. A carriage assembly is disposed on the translating layer, the carriage assembly further comprising a frame subassembly and a bulkhead subassembly, the frame subassembly further comprising an endwall adapted to support a left end of a workplace, and a front frame rail and back frame rail both connected to a frame leg to thereby slidably connect the frame subassembly to the translating layer. The bulkhead subassembly forms the other side of the carriage to secure the other end of the workpiece. Internal components within the bulkhead motorize the bulkhead, such that the workpiece can be turned and manipulated in two dimensions as the bandsaw blade cuts the rotating workpiece.

An embodiment of the invention provides a display panel, which includes a substrate having a pixel region and a peripheral region, a conducting layer overlying the substrate in the peripheral region, a first insulating layer overlying the conducting layer in the peripheral region, wherein a ratio between an area of the first insulating layer and an area of the conducting layer in the peripheral region is between about 0.27 and 0.99, a lower electrode layer overlying the first insulating layer, a second insulating layer overlying the lower electrode layer, and an upper electrode layer overlying the second insulating layer.

Provided is an organic light emitting diode including an organic light-emitting part including a first electrode, an organic material layer having a light-emitting layer, and a second electrode, and an encapsulating layer included on an entire top surface of the organic light-emitting part. Here, the encapsulating layer has a structure in which at least two of a water barrier film, a glass cap, a metal foil and a conductive film are stacked. Accordingly, the diode may have excellent water and oxygen barrier effects, and deterioration of the diode or running failure may be prevented.

The organic light emitting display device includes an organic light emitting display panel and a data driver, wherein the organic light emitting display panel includes an active region which includes pixel driving TFTs for embodying an image and organic luminescent elements respectively connected with the pixel driving TFTs to emit light, a GIP region which includes a gate driver formed with a plurality of gate driving TFTs for respectively driving gate lines of the active region, a GND region formed between the GIP region and the active region to be formed with a base voltage line for supplying base voltage to the organic luminescent elements of the active region, and a sealant region formed with a sealant for attaching an upper substrate to a lower substrate, and wherein the GND region includes out-gassing blocking holes.

An electron emission element (1) includes an electrode substrate (2) and a thin film electrode (3), and emits electrons from the thin film electrode (3) by voltage application across the electrode substrate (2) and the thin film electrode (3). An electron accelerating layer (4) containing at least insulating fine particles (5) is provided between the electrode substrate (2) and the thin film electrode (3). The electrode substrate (2) has a convexoconcave surface. The thin film electrode (3) has openings (6) above convex parts of the electrode substrate (2).

Interfaces for electrical (e.g., lighting) devices involve use of electrically conductive edge contacts arranged on or protruding from edges of printed circuit boards (PCBs) that provide or facilitate electrical connections to first and second externally accessible electrical contacts, such as may include threaded and foot contacts of a lighting device including a screw-shaped male base. First and/or second edge contacts of a PCB may protrude through first and second openings in a housing to form first and second externally accessible contact, or directly engage first and second externally accessible contact elements associated with (e.g., retained by) the housing. A contact element retained by a housing may define a slot in the interior of the housing to directly engage an edge contact of the PCB. Electric power is supplied to the PCB via edge contacts without need for intervening wires or soldered connections.

Magnetically adjusting color-converting particles within a matrix and associated devices, systems, and methods are disclosed herein. A magnetic-adjustment process can include applying a magnetic field to a mixture including a non-solid matrix and a plurality of color-converting particles (e.g. magnetically anisotropic color-converting particles). The magnetic field can cause the plurality of color-converting particles to move into a generally non-random alignment (e.g., a generally non-random magnetic alignment and/or a generally non-random shape alignment) within the non-solid matrix. The non-solid matrix then can be solidified to form a solid matrix. A magnetic-adjustment process can be performed in conjunction with testing and/or product binning of solid-state radiation transducer devices. For example, a position, direction, strength, or duration of a magnetic field used to perform a magnetic-adjustment process can be controlled according to optical output collected from a solid-state radiation transducer device. Measuring the optical output and performing the magnetic-adjustment process can be at least partially concurrent.

An organic light emitting display resulting in an improved aperture ratio and a manufacturing method thereof. The organic light emitting display that includes a plurality of pixels arranged between first and second substrates, each of said pixels includes a plurality of thin film transistors, an organic light emitting diode, and a capacitor. The thin film transistors and the organic light emitting diode are formed on the first substrate and the capacitor is formed on the second substrate, and the thin film transistors and the capacitor are electrically connected with each other upon the first substrate being bonded to the second substrate.