A process is presented for the increasing the yields of aromatics from reforming a hydrocarbon feedstream. The process includes splitting a naphtha feedstream into a light hydrocarbon stream, and a heavier stream having a relatively rich concentration of naphthenes. The heavy stream is reformed to convert the naphthenes to aromatics and the resulting product stream is further reformed with the light hydrocarbon stream to increase the aromatics yields. The catalyst is passed through the reactors in a sequential manner.

A catalyst comprising an aluminosilicate zeolite having an MOR framework type, an acidic MFI molecular sieve component having a Si/Al2 molar ratio of less than 80, a metal component comprising one or more elements selected from groups VIB, VIIB, VIII, and IVA, an inorganic oxide binder, and a fluoride component.

Disclosed is a method for removing weakly basic nitrogen compounds from a hydrocarbon feed stream by contacting the hydrocarbon feed stream with a basic catalyst to convert a portion of the weakly basic nitrogen compounds to basic nitrogen compounds. The method also includes contacting the hydrocarbon feed stream with an acidic adsorbent to adsorb the basic nitrogen compounds from the stream. The hydrocarbon feed stream comprises an aromatic compound and a weakly basic nitrogen compound.

A process according to various approaches includes flushing an intermediate transfer line between a raffinate stream transfer line and a desorbent stream transfer line away from the adsorptive separation chamber to remove residual fluid including desorbent from intermediate transfer line. The process may include directing the residual fluid flushed from the intermediate transfer line to a recycle stream to introduce the residual fluid into the adsorptive separation chamber.

This invention relates to a method for increasing thermal stability of fuel, as well as in reducing nitrogen content and/or enhancing color quality of the fuel. According to the method, a fuel feedstock can be treated with a solid phosphoric acid catalyst under appropriate catalyst conditions, e.g., to increase the thermal stability of the fuel feedstock. Preferably, the fuel feedstock can be treated with the solid phosphoric acid catalyst at a ratio of catalyst mass within a contact zone to a mass flow rate of feedstock through the zone of at least about 18 minutes to increase the thermal stability of the fuel feedstock, along with reducing nitrogen content and/or enhancing color quality.

A process for reforming a hydrocarbon stream is presented. The process involves splitting a naphtha feedstream to at least two feedstreams and partially processing each feedstream in separate reactors. The processing includes passing the light stream to a combination hydrogenation/dehydrogenation reactor. The process reduces the energy by reducing the endothermic properties of intermediate reformed process streams.

Disclosed is a method for removing weakly basic nitrogen compounds from a hydrocarbon feed stream by contacting the hydrocarbon feed stream with acidic clay to produce a hydrocarbon effluent stream having a lower weakly basic nitrogen compound content relative to the hydrocarbon feed stream. The hydrocarbon feed stream comprises an aromatic compound and a weakly basic nitrogen compound.

A process for reforming a hydrocarbon stream is presented. The process involves splitting a naphtha feedstream to at least two feedstreams and partially processing each feedstream in separate reactors. The processing includes passing the light stream to a combination hydrogenation/dehydrogenation reactor. The process reduces the energy by reducing the endothermic properties of intermediate reformed process streams.

This invention relates to the oligomerization of olefinic compounds in the presence of an activated oligomerization catalyst. The invention also extends to a particular manner for providing an activated oligomerization catalyst. According to the present invention, there is provided a process for producing an oligomeric product by the oligomerization of at least one olefinic compound, the process including (a) providing an activated oligomerization catalyst by combining, in any order, iii) a source of chromium, ιv) a ligating compound of the formula (R1)mX1(Y)X2(R2)n wherein X1 and X2 are independently an atom selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, oxygen, sulphur and selenium or said atom oxidized by S, Se, N or O where the valence of X1 and/or X2 allows for such oxidation, Y is a linking group between X1 and X2 which linking group contains at least one nitrogen atom which is directly bonded to X1 or X2, m and n are independently 0, 1 or a larger integer, and R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group, an organoheteryl group or a heterohydrocarbyl group, and the respective R1 groups are the same or different when m>1, and the respective R2 groups are the same or different when n>1, in) a catalyst activator which is an organoboron compound including a cation and a non-coordinating anion of the general formula [(R10)xL*-H]+[B(R20)4]− wherein L* is an atom selected from the group consisting of N, S and P, the cation [(R10)x L*-H]* is a Bronsted acid, x is an integer 1, 2 or 3, each R10 is the same or different when x is 2 or 3 and each is a —H, hydrocarbyl group or a heterohydrocarbyl group, provided that at least one of R10 comprises at least 6 carbon atoms and provided further that the total number of carbon atoms in (R10)x collectively is greater than 12, R20 independently at each occurrence is selected from the group consisting of hydride, dialkylamido, halide, alkoxide, aryloxide, hydrocarbyl, halosubstituted-hydrocarbyl radicals, halosubstituted-alkoxide, halosubstituted-aryloxide and a halosubstituted aromatic ring moiety with at least one halide substituent on the aromatic ring, and vi) an aliphatic solvent, and (b) contacting the at least one olefinic compound with the activated oligomerization catalyst to produce an oligomeric product.

A process is presented for quenching a process stream in a paraffin dehydrogenation process. The process comprises cooling a propane dehydrogenation stream during the hot residence time after the process stream leaves the catalytic bed reactor section. The process includes cooling and compressing the product stream, taking a portion of the product stream and passing the portion of the product stream to the mix with the process stream as it leaves the catalytic bed reactor section.

The invention relates to a method for the manufacture of branched saturated hydrocarbons, said method comprising the steps where a feed comprising olefins having at least 10 carbons is simultaneously hydrogenated and isomerized in the presence of hydrogen at a temperature of 100-400° C., under hydrogen partial pressure of 0.01-10 MPa, in the presence of a catalyst comprising a metal selected from the metals of Group VIIIb of the Periodic Table of Elements, a molecular sieve selected from ten member ring molecular sieves, twelve member ring molecular sieves and mesoporous molecular sieves embedded with zeolite, and a carrier, to yield branched saturated hydrocarbons.

The present invention relates generally to olefin metathesis. In some embodiments, the present invention provides methods for Z-selective ring-closing metathesis.

A perpendicular spin-transfer torque magnetic random access memory (STTMRAM) element includes a fixed layer having a magnetization that is substantially fixed in one direction and a barrier layer formed on top of the fixed layer and a free layer. The free layer has a number of alternating laminates, each laminate being made of a magnetic layer and an insulating layer. The magnetic layer is switchable and formed on top of the barrier layer. The free layer is capable of switching its magnetization to a parallel or an anti-parallel state relative to the magnetization of the fixed layer during a write operation when bidirectional electric current is applied across the STTMRAM element. Magnetic layers of the laminates are ferromagnetically coupled to switch together as a single domain during the write operation and the magnetization of the fixed and free layers and the magnetic layers of the laminates have perpendicular anisotropy.

Temperatures in microelectronic integrated circuit packages and components may be measured in situ using carbon nanotube networks. An array of carbon nanotubes strung between upstanding structures may be used to measure local temperature. Because of the carbon nanotubes, a highly accurate temperature measurement may be achieved. In some cases, the carbon nanotubes and the upstanding structures may be secured to a substrate that is subsequently attached to a microelectronic package.

A method for analysis of an object dyed with fluorescent coloring agents. Separately fluorescing visible molecules or nanoparticles are periodically formed in different object parts, the laser produces the oscillation thereof which is sufficient for recording the non-overlapping images of the molecules or nanoparticles and for decoloring already recorded fluorescent molecules, wherein tens of thousands of pictures of recorded individual molecule or nanoparticle images, in the form of stains having a diameter on the order of a fluorescent light wavelength multiplied by a microscope amplification, are processed by a computer for searching the coordinates of the stain centers and building the object image according to millions of calculated stain center co-ordinates corresponding to the co-ordinates of the individual fluorescent molecules or nanoparticles. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional images are provided for proteins, nucleic acids and lipids with different coloring agents.

Provided are a negative active material, a method of preparing the same, and a lithium battery including the negative active material. The negative active material includes a carbonaceous core that has a sulfur content of about 10 ppm to 900 ppm; and an amorphous carbon layer continuously formed on a surface of the carbonaceous core, wherein the carbonaceous core has a crystalloid plate structure, and a crystallite size measured from a full width at half maximum of the peak with respect to the surface (002) of about 10 nm to about 45 nm in an X-ray diffraction spectrum of the carbonaceous core. The lithium battery including a negative electrode including the negative active material has improved capacity characteristics and ring lifetime characteristics.

A nanostructure, an optical device including the nanostructure, and methods of manufacturing the nanostructure and the optical device. A method of manufacturing a nanostructure may include forming a block copolymer template layer and a precursor pattern of metal coupled to the block copolymer template layer on a graphene layer, and forming a metal nanopattern on the graphene layer by removing the block copolymer template layer and reducing the precursor pattern.

In certain embodiments, the invention is directed to composition comprising stable particles comprising ganaxolone, wherein the volume weighted median diameter (D50) of the particles is from about 50 nm to about 500 nm.

In a method for fabricating a graphene structure, there is formed on a fabrication substrate a pattern of a plurality of distinct graphene catalyst materials. In one graphene synthesis step, different numbers of graphene layers are formed on the catalyst materials in the formed pattern. In a method for fabricating a graphene transistor, on a fabrication substrate at least one graphene catalyst material is provided at a substrate region specified for synthesizing a graphene transistor channel and at least one graphene catalyst material is provided at a substrate region specified for synthesizing a graphene transistor source, and at a substrate region specified for synthesizing a graphene transistor drain. Then in one graphene synthesis step, at least one layer of graphene is formed at the substrate region for the graphene transistor channel, and at the regions for the transistor source and drain there are formed a plurality of layers of graphene.

A method of creating a semiconductor device is disclosed. An end of a carbon nanotube is unzipped to provide a substantially flat surface. A contact of the semiconductor device is formed. The substantially flat surface of the carbon nanotube is coupled to the contact to create the semiconductor device. An energy gap in the unzipped end of the carbon nanotube may be less than an energy gap in a region of the carbon nanotube outside of the unzipped end region.

A memory device includes a semiconductor channel, a tunnel dielectric layer located over the semiconductor channel, a first charge trap including a plurality of electrically conductive nanodots located over the tunnel dielectric layer, dielectric separation layer located over the nanodots, a second charge trap including a continuous metal layer located over the separation layer, a blocking dielectric located over the second charge trap, and a control gate located over the blocking dielectric.

The disclosure relates generally to a method for fabricating a patterned medium. The method includes providing a substrate with an exterior layer under a lithographically patterned surface layer, the lithographically patterned surface layer comprising a first pattern in a first region and a second pattern in a second region, applying a first masking material over the first region, transferring the second pattern into the exterior layer in the second region, forming self-assembled block copolymer structures over the lithographically patterned surface layer, the self-assembled block copolymer structures aligning with the first pattern in the first region, applying a second masking material over the second region, transferring the polymer block pattern into the exterior layer in the first region, and etching the substrate according to the second pattern transferred to the exterior layer in the second region and the polymer block pattern transferred to the exterior layer in the first region.

Disclosed are a biomolecular sensor and a method of fabricating the same having high sensitivity and resolution by using a plurality of metal plates that change electrical properties of a plurality of nanostructures according to the attachment of biomolecules. The biomolecular sensor includes a substrate, first and second electrodes disposed to be spaced apart from each other on the substrate, a plurality of nanostructures disposed on the substrate to connect the first and second electrodes to each other, and a plurality of metal plates that change electrical properties of the plurality of nanostructures according to the attachment of biomolecules.

Structured films containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (“MWCNTs”) have enhanced mechanical performance in terms of strength, fracture resistance, and creep recovery of polyimide (“PI”) films. Preferably, the loadings of MWCNTs can be in the range of 0.1 wt % to 0.5 wt %. The strength of the new PI films dried at 60° C. increased by 55% and 72% for 0.1 wt % MWCNT and 0.5 wt % MWCNT loadings, respectively, while the fracture resistance increased by 23% for the 0.1 wt % MWCNTs and then decreases at a loading of 0.5 wt % MWCNTs. The films can be advantageously be created by managing a corresponding shift in the annealing temperature at which the maximum strength occurs as the MWCNT loadings increase.

Device for forming, on a nanowire made of a semiconductor, an alloy of this semiconductor with a metal or metalloid by bringing this nanowire into contact with electrically conductive metal or metalloid probes and Joule heating the nanowire at the points of contact with the probes so as to form an alloy such as a silicide. Application to the production of controlled-channel-length metal-silicide transistors.

Methods for the synthesis of metal quantum clusters within the framework of a porous gel matrix are described. For example, Ag25(glutathione)18 quantum clusters are synthesized in a cross-linked polyacrylamide gel matrix. The methods can be performed on large-scale and yields monodispersed metal quantum clusters.

Disclosed are various embodiments of methods and systems related to stimulus responsive nanoparticles. In one embodiment includes a stimulus responsive nanoparticle system, the system includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a plurality of elongated electro-responsive nanoparticles dispersed between the first and second electrodes, the plurality of electro-responsive nanorods configured to respond to an electric field established between the first and second electrodes.

In certain embodiments novel nanoparticles (nanowontons) are provided that are suitable for multimodal imaging and/or therapy. In one embodiment, the nanoparticles include a first biocompatible (e.g., gold) layer, an inner core layer (e.g., a non-biocompatible material), and a biocompatible (e.g., gold) layer. The first gold layer includes a concave surface that forms a first outer surface of the layered nanoparticle. The second gold layer includes a convex surface that forms a second outer surface of the layered nanoparticle. The first and second gold layers encapsulate the inner core material layer. Methods of fabricating such nanoparticles are also provided.

An aqueous epoxy resin system AB is described comprising an aqueously dispersed epoxy resin A having, on the average, at least one epoxy group per molecule, and a water-soluble or water-dispersible curing agent B which comprises the reaction product of an amine B1 having at least one primary and/or at least one secondary amino group, an adduct B2 of a polyalkylene ether polyol B21 and an epoxide component B22, and an aromatic compound B3 having at least one acidic group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, which system can be applied by rolling, spraying or brushing to provide corrosion protection on base metals.

The present invention provides a rubber composition that can enhance the fuel economy, wet-grip performance, and abrasion resistance in a balanced manner, and a pneumatic tire using this rubber composition. The present invention relates to a rubber composition that contains a rubber component, silica, and a silane coupling agent, wherein the rubber component contains, based on 100% by mass of the rubber component, not less than 5% by mass of a conjugated diene polymer containing a constituent unit based on a conjugated diene and a constituent unit represented by formula (I) below, at least one terminal of the polymer being modified with a specific compound; an amount of the silica is 5 to 150 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component; and the silane coupling agent contains a mercapto group.

The present invention relates to epoxy group-terminated polymers of the formula (I). Said epoxy group-terminated polymers are suited extremely well as impact resistance modifiers, particularly in epoxy resin compositions. They are particularly suited for use in heat-curing epoxy resin adhesives. It has been found that such epoxy resin compositions not only have excellent mechanical properties and high glass transition temperatures, but also above all improved impact resistance properties, both at room temperature and at low temperatures.

Provided is a surface treated calcium carbonate filler for resins, which comprises calcium carbonate particles, the surface of which has been treated with at least one surface active agent (A) selected from the group consisting of saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, alicyclic carboxylic acids, resin acids, and salts thereof and with at least one compound (B) having the ability to chelate alkaline earth metals, the compound (B) being selected from the group consisting of phosphonic acids, polycarboxylic acids, and salts thereof. The surface treated calcium carbonate filler for resins of the present invention deteriorates little with time, has satisfactory dispersibility in resins, and can give a sheet or film which has a satisfactory balance among durability, weatherability, strength, and thermal stability, and is useful as a battery separator or a light reflector.

Disclosed are methods for producing rubber-containing bituminous mixtures by pressurizing mixtures of bituminous materials, crumb rubber, and one or more suspension agents with a gas, and then reducing the pressure, creating bubbles of the gas in the mixture. Also disclosed are methods of introducing gas into such mixture by rapid mixing. Mixtures produced by the disclosed methods, such as rubber-containing asphalt mixtures and paving compositions thereof, and their use are also disclosed.

Set of compositions for preparing system-in-package type semiconductor device. The composition set consists of underfill composition for preparing underfill part and encapsulation resin composition for preparing resin encapsulation part. 1) A cured product of the underfill composition has a glass transition temperature, Tg, ≧100° C. and is the same with or differs from a Tg of a cured product of the encapsulation resin composition by ≦20° C. 2) Total linear expansion coefficient of the cured product of the underfill composition at a temperature not higher than (Tg−30)° C. and a linear expansion coefficient of the cured product of the encapsulation resin composition at a temperature not higher than (Tg−30)° C. is ≦42 ppm/° C. 3) A ratio of the linear expansion coefficient of the cured product of the encapsulation resin composition to the linear expansion coefficient of the cured product of the underfill composition ranges from 0.3 to 1.0.

Described herein are devices, compositions, and methods for improving color discernment.

Disclosed herein are surface treatments for soft silicone gel materials such as silicone intraocular lenses.

A composite material and method of making and using the same is described. In particular a dental (and preferably photocurable) composite material, and the use of a composite material according to the invention as a dental material and a method for preparation of a composite material according to the invention. Also disclosed are novel radically polymerizable monomers comprising at least one polyalicyclic structure element and certain ethylenic structure elements, which are particularly suitable for use in a composite material according to the invention.

Disclosed are an epoxy resin composition and a light emitting apparatus. The epoxy resin composition includes a triazine derivative epoxy resin and an alicyclic epoxy resin.

An artificial silica marble comprises a matrix and a line pattern portion. The line pattern portion comprises fine lines having a width of about 50 to about 500 μm and forms a web- or net-like pattern. The line pattern portion divides or partitions the artificial silica marble into a plurality of irregularly shaped pattern portions to form an amorphous pattern in the cross section of the artificial silica marble.

A coating/sealant system that includes a coating and a sealant deposited over at least a portion of the coating, in which the coating includes a reaction product formed from reactants comprising a phosphated epoxy resin and a curing agent, and the sealant includes a sulfur-containing polymer.

Provided is a thermosetting resin composition including an inorganic filler and a thermosetting resin matrix component, in which the inorganic filler includes secondary sintered particles each formed of primary particles of scaly boron nitride, and at least some of the secondary sintered particles each have a maximum cavity diameter of 5 μm to 80 μm. The thermosetting resin composition can be used for providing a heat conductive sheet in which electrical insulation property is kept by controlling where the defects such as voids and cracks occur and their size, and which has excellent heat conductivity.

Hydroswellable, absorbable and non-absorbable, aliphatic, segmented polyurethanes and polyurethane-urea capable of swelling in the biological environment with associated increase in volume of at least 3 percent have more than one type of segments, including those derived from polyethylene glycol and the molecular chains are structurally tailored to allow the use of corresponding formulations and medical devices as carriers for bioactive agents, rheological modifiers of cyanoacrylate-based tissue adhesives, as protective devices for repairing defective or diseased components of articulating joints and their cartilage, and scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering.

Provided are a thermosetting adhesive composition excellent in storage stability, reliability, and low-temperature adhesion properties; and a curl-resistant heat-resistant film and a wiring film obtained using the composition. The thermosetting adhesive composition includes 100 parts by weight of a phenoxy resin having a bisphenol S skeleton in the structure thereof; 5 to 30 parts by weight of a maleimide compound containing a plurality of maleimide groups in the structure thereof; and 3 to 20 vol % of an inorganic needle-like filler. The heat resistant adhesive film is obtained by applying the thermosetting adhesive composition onto a polyimide film, followed by drying. The wiring film is obtained by placing a conductor wiring layer on the heat resistant adhesive film.

Aqueous copolymer dispersions for a variety of uses, including coating compositions or binders for plasters and paints, are disclosed. The aqueous copolymer dispersions may comprise one or more silicon containing compounds, in particular hydrolyzable silane compounds without any additional reactive group.

A non-skid coating described herein attempts to overcome the deficiencies of the conventional coatings with improved external durability and color retention, a reduced level of VOCs, and direct-to-metal (DTM) adhesion using organo-siloxane chemistry. The non-skid coating has a first component having an amino-functional siloxane resin; a second component having a non-aromatic epoxy resin; a spherical filler for lowering viscosity; a pigment; a coarse aggregate; and a thixotropic agent. The amino-functional siloxane resin can be an amino-functional methyl phenyl polysiloxane, diphenyl polysiloxane or silsesquioxane-based resin. The non-aromatic epoxy resin can be cycloaliphatic or aliphatic. The first component is about 5% to 20% weight of the coating, and the second component is about 80% to 95% weight of the coating.

An ink composition suitable for ink jet printing, including printing on deformable substrates. In embodiments, the stretchable ink composition is based on a solventless monomer-based ink formulation comprising a mixture of acrylic ester oligomer and monomers of acrylic ester and aromatic acrylate.

Generally, compositions and methods of producing dimensionally stable three dimensional objects using an additive build up process. Specifically, materials combinable in an additive build up process using a materials printer for the production of stable three dimensional molds useful in the production of molded or formed parts.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a rubber composition with which it is possible to produce a tire that retains wear resistance and has excellent frictional force on ice, and a pneumatic tire using the rubber composition. The rubber composition of the present invention is a rubber composition comprising a diene rubber, carbon black and/or a white filler, and a master batch prepared by premixing a non-diene rubber and an organic peroxide, wherein a total content of carbon black and white filler is from 20 to 70 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of diene rubber and a content of the non-diene rubber in the master batch is from 3 to 30 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the diene rubber.

A method for preparing poly(butylene terephthalate-co-adipate) copolymer by polymerizing 1,4-butane diol, an adipic acid component and an aromatic dicarboxy compound derived from polyethylene terephthalate, and a polyester component residue in the presence of a catalyst under conditions effective to form poly(butylene terephthalate-co-adipate) oligomers; adding a quencher; and reacting the quenched poly(butylene terephthalate-co-adipate) oligomers with a chain extender.

The disclosure provides an ink jet ink for color filter and a method for preparing the same, as well as a method for preparing of a color filter. The ink jet ink for color filter comprising, by weight, 10 to 50 parts of aqueous nano pigment dispersion and 51 to 95 parts of a cold curing component.