The present invention relates to a process for recovery of homogeneous metal hydride catalyst from a reactor stream as catalyst suitable for recycle to a reactor comprising the steps of: removing a stream from a reactor, said stream comprising the homogeneous metal hydride catalyst; contacting the stream with a solid acidic absorbent under process conditions which allow at least some of the metal to become bound to the absorbent; subjecting the metal bound to the absorbent, under process conditions which allow desorption of the metal, to a fluid stripping medium comprising hydrogen and solvent; and recovering the active metal hydride catalyst.

Substrates, surfaces, assemblies, kits, compositions, and methods are provided for forming touch screens and other appliance surfaces exhibiting good hydrophobicity, oleophobicity, and abrasion resistance. Methods are provided for increasing a population density of hydroxyl groups on a touch surface of a touch screen substrate without affecting the compressive strength of the back surface. The treated touch surface of the substrate can then be coated with a coating that includes an organo-metallic and/or silane, for example, a fluorosilane such as a perfluoropolyether alkoxysilane. A substrate can retain its compressive resistance to breakage by impact applied to the touch surface while minimizing any decrease in compressive strength against impact against the touch surface. Examples of such substrates include touch screens for mobile and desktop electronic devices, components of 3D display devices, and components for electrowetting display devices.

The invention relates to a method for producing mono-aminofunctionalized dialkylphosphinic acids and esters and salts thereof by means of acrylnitriles, characterized in that a) a phosphinic acid source (I) is reacted with olefins (IV) to yield an alkylphosphonic acid, salt or ester (II) thereof in the presence of a catalyst A, b) the thus obtained alkylphosphonic acid, salt or ester (II) thereof is reacted with an acrylnitrile of formula (V) to yield a mono-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid derivative (VI) in the presence of a catalyst B, and c) the thus obtained mono-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid derivative (VI) is reacted to yield a mono-aminofunctionalized dialkylphosphinic acid derivative (III) in the presence of a catalyst C or a reduction agent, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 are the same or different and stand independently of each other, among other things, for H, C1-C18 alkyl, C6-C18 aryl, C6-C18 aralkyl, C6-C18 alkylaryl and X stands for H, C1-C18 alkyl, C6-C18 aryl, C6-C18 aralkyl, C6-C18 alkylaryl, Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Fe, Zr, Zn, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Cu, Ni, Li, Na, K and/or a protonized nitrogen base, and Y stands for a mineral acid, a carboxylic acid, a Lewis acid or an organic acid, n=an integer or fractional number of 0 to 4 and the catalysts A and C are formed by transition metals, transition metal compounds and/or catalyst systems composed of a transition metal and/or a transition metal compound and at least one ligand, and catalyst B is formed by compounds forming peroxides, peroxo compounds, azo compounds, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, alkali hydrides, alkaline earth hydrides and/or alkali alcoholates and alkaline earth alcoholates.

A method of preparing organohalosilanes comprising combining an organohalide having the formula RX (I), wherein R is a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and X is fluoro, chloro, bromo, or iodo, with a contact mass comprising at least 2% (w/w) of a palladium suicide of the formula PdxSiy (II), wherein x is an integer from 1 to 5 and y is 1 to 8, or a platinum suicide of formula PtzSi (III), wherein z is 1 or 2, in a reactor at a temperature from 250 to 700° C. to form an organohalosilane.

Apparatus and methods are provided for forming and processing multiphasic systems. In one embodiment, the invention provides a process for the manufacture of an epoxide, including reacting an olefinically unsaturated compound with an oxidant in the presence of a buffer component and a water-soluble manganese complex disposed in an aqueous phase having a first pH level in a first multiphasic system, adjusting the pH of the aqueous phase to a second pH level less than the first pH level, isolating at least a portion of the aqueous phase from the first multiphasic system, adjusting the pH of the at least a portion of the aqueous phase to a third pH level greater than the second pH level, and introducing the at least a portion of the aqueous phase into a second multiphasic system.

The present invention is directed to multiple a-lipoic acid-containing hydrophobic compounds (mALAs) capable of acting as scavengers of free radicals, metals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Methods of synthesizing novel antioxidant mALAs, spontaneous emulsification or nanoprecipitaion thereof to produce antioxidant nanospheres and their use in preventing or treating diseases or conditions caused by oxidative stress and other free radical mediated conditions are also described. Another aspect of this invention is the use of these antioxidant nanospheres for the preparation of antioxidant particulate delivery system of therapeutic agents.

The present invention relates to a novel compound of Formula 1, a method for manufacturing the same, and an organic electronic device using the same, and the novel compound according to the present invention may act as a hole injection, hole transport, electron injection and transport, or light emitting material in an organic light emitting device and an organic electronic device, and the device according to the present invention shows excellent properties in terms of efficiency, a driving voltage, and stability.

This invention provides thiophene compounds of formula I: wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, n, p, and m are as described in the specification. The compounds are inhibitors of PI3K and are thus useful for treating proliferative, inflammatory, or cardiovascular disorders.

Method for preparing diamino-dianhydro-dideoxyhexitols, particularly 2,5-diamino-1,4:3,6-dianhydro-2,5-dideoxy-D-hexitol. The invention related to a method for preparing diamino-dianhydro-dideoxyhexitols, particularly preferably 2,5-diamino-1,4:3,6-dianhydro-2,5-dideoxy-D-hexitol.

A substituted phenoxyethyl(isopropyl)acyloxyalkyl phosphonate having phosphorusheterocyclic ring and having herbicidal activity, with a general formula of I, wherein R represents 5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinan-2-one-2-yl, or 1-oxo-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2,2,2]octan-4-yl, or 1-sulfo-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo 2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2,2,2]octan-4-yl; R1 represents H, C1-C4 alkyl, phenyl, furyl, pyridyl, or phenyl substituted with methyl, methoxyl, nitro or chloro; R2 represents H, methyl, and methyl only if R in the general formula I is 1-sulfo-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2,2,2]octan-4-yl as phosphorusheterocyclic ring; X and Y represent H, halogen, C1-C4 alkyl or trifluoromethyl, and X and Y are the same or different. The compounds according to the present invention may be used as active component of dicotyledonous broadleaf weed herbicides.

A method of manufacturing a compound or a salt thereof expressed with a formula (III) below, characterized by causing a compound or a salt thereof expressed with a formula (I) below and a compound or a salt thereof expressed with a formula (II) below to react in the presence of carbonate and copper salt or in the presence of hydroxide salt, carbonate, and copper salt.

Provided is a compound which has strong and sustaining intraocular pressure lowering action and, further, has no fear of side effect on eyes. Since a compound represented by the formula (I): wherein definition of each group is as described in the specification, or a salt thereof, a solvate thereof, or a prodrug thereof has strong and sustaining intraocular pressure lowering action and, further, has no side effect on eyes such as ocular stimulating property (hyperemia, corneal clouding etc.), aqueous humor protein rise etc., it has high safety, and can be an excellent agent for preventing and/or treating glaucoma etc.

A process for the preparation of 1,3:2,4-bis(4-methylbenzylidene)sorbitol (MDBS) and 1,3:2,4-bis(3,4-dimethylbenzylidene)sorbitol (DMDBS) via a dehydrocondensation reaction is disclosed. The reaction is carried out between an aldehyde and an alditol in a mole ratio of 2:1 wherein ionic fluid is used as the acidic catalyst and/or reaction medium. The ionic fluid used in accordance with the present invention is quaternary ammonium salt based ionic liquid.

A method is provided for the preparation of anhydrosugar alcohols. The method involves dehydration of a hexitol with a mixed acid of a first acid and second acid, in which the first acid is sulfuric acid and the second acid is at least one sulfur-containing acid or sulfur-containing acid salt selected from the group consisting of p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid and aluminum sulfate. Also provided are methods for purification of the resulting product.

A process for the manufacture of dialkyl furan-2,5-dicarboxylate (DAFD) vapor composition by feeding furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (“FDCA”) to an esterification reactor and in the presence of an alcohol compound such as methanol, conducting an esterification reaction to form an esterification vapor containing DAFD, unreacted alcohol compound, 5-(alkoxycarbonyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid (ACFC), and water, and continuously passing the esterification vapor through an ACFC condensing zone, that can be integral with the esterification reactor, in which at least a portion of the ACFC in the esterification vapor is converted to a liquid phase condensate, and continuously discharging the esterification vapor from the ACFC condensing zone as a DAFD vapor. There is also a DAFD vapor composition containing DAFD, water, unreacted alcohol, and by-products.

The present invention relates to new salts of 6-(propyl-(2-thiophen-2-ylethyl)amino)tetralin-1-ol(rotigotine), their use as a medicament, for example for the treatment of CNS disorders like Parkinson Disease, RLS, fibromyalgia and/or depression, in particular through electromotive administration. The present invention relates to pharmaceutical formulations suitable for iontophoresis that provide enhanced iontophoretic delivery of rotigotine to at least one target tissue. The formulations are further characterized by good to excellent solubility of the salts in aqueous solutions.

The invention relates to a process for preparing 1-aryl-pyrazol-3-one intermediates, tautomers, and salts thereof, to novel intermediates, and to the use of the intermediates in the preparation of sigma receptor inhibitors.

A catalyst for an organic reaction and a method of using a catalyst in an organic reaction are provided. The catalyst for an addition or condensation reaction includes a graphene oxide including an oxygen functional group, and the catalyst is configured to promote the addition or condensation reaction by bonding the oxygen functional group with an alkali metal ion or alkali earth metal ion during the addition or condensation reaction.

Lactic acid equivalents are recovered from a starting lactide stream by catalytically racemizing a portion of the lactide in the stream at a temperature of 180° C. or below. This increases the proportion of two species of lactide (i.e., at least two of S,S-, R,R- or meso-lactide) at the expense of the third species. The racemized mixture so obtained can be separated to recover some or all of one or more of the lactide species from the remaining lactide species, by a process such as melt crystallization or distillation. Impurities in the starting lactide stream usually are retained mostly in the remaining meso-lactide, so a highly purified S,S- and/or R,R-lactide stream can be produced in this manner. Such a purified S,S- and R,R-lactide stream is suitable for polymerization to form a polylactide.

The invention relates to novel nitrile compounds according to formula I and II: (I) Formula I wherein: X=—CH3 or —C≡N, (II) Formula II wherein: X=—CH3 or —C≡N, each Y is independently chosen from —OH or RC(0)0-, each R is independently chosen from a C1-21 alkyl group. The invention also relates to processes for the preparation of nitrile compounds according to formula I and II and to uses of the nitrile compounds.

Provided are a method of preparing a chlorohydrin composition and a method of preparing epichlorohydrin by using a chlorohydrin composition prepared by using the method. The method of preparing chlorohydrins in which polyhydroxy aliphatic hydrocarbon is reacted with a chlorination agent in the presence of a catalyst includes performing at least one combination of a series of unit operations comprising a first reaction step, a water removal step, and a second reaction step in this stated order, wherein the method further includes mixing a chlorohydrin concentrate obtained by purifying the reaction mixture discharged from the final reaction step from among the reaction steps and a water-rich layer discharged from the water-removal step and diluting the mixture with water. The method of preparing epichlorohydrin includes contacting the chlorohydrin composition prepared by using the method of preparing a chlorohydrin composition with an alkaline agent.

A polymer, optionally made from renewable sources, comprising a specific chemical structure that is a result of the polymerization of α-hydroxycarbonyl compounds (alpha-hydroxycarbonyl compounds), particularly α-hydroxyaldehydes (alpha-hydroxyaldehydes) and α-hydroxyketones (alpha-hydroxyketones), or glycolaldehyde. A method of polymerization, the method comprising the step of reacting trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate with the cyclic dimer of one or more α-hydroxycarbonyl compounds. A method of making said polymer, the method comprising dehydrating a cyclic dimer of one or more α-hydroxycarbonyl compounds. An end-capped polymer made from one or more α-hydroxycarbonyl compounds and terminal end-cap groups.

The present invention relates to the preparation of cyclopropane derivatives, in particular 2-amino-9-[[(1S,2R)-1,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl]methyl]-4,8-dihydro-1H-purin-6-one, especially via the [(1S,7R)-4-phenyl-3,5-dioxabicyclo[5.1.0]octan-1-yl]methanol intermediate.

An improved process for the N-alkylation of tertiary morphinan alkaloid bases to form the corresponding quaternary morphinan alkaloid derivatives.

Disclosed in the present invention is a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor of benzamides and use thereof. The inhibitor has good efficacy in treating diseases caused by abnormal gene expression, such as tumors, endocrine disorders, immune system diseases, genetic diseases and nerve system diseases. The histone deacetylase inhibitor of benzamides is a compound of the following general chemical structural formula (I) or a salt thereof.

The present invention is directed to a novel process for the preparation of compounds having inhibitory activity against sodium-dependent glucose transporter (SGLT) being present in the intestine or kidney.

Bromoacetoxycalcidiol (B3CD), which is structurally related to calcidiol, exhibits cytotoxic and apoptotic activity toward cancer cells, including highly aggressive neuroblastoma cells. A series of small molecules designed around the structure of B3CD is expected to have growth inhibitory and apoptogenic activities toward a wide range of malignancies. B3CD shows no apparent toxicity in vivo, indicating potential value as a chemotherapeutic agent which will be particularly useful in treating highly aggressive tumors.

Steroid compounds having increased resistance against metabolism and increased water solubility are disclosed, together with methods for their production. These substances are suitable for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals for the treatment of steroid related or steroid induced CNS disorders and for use in methods of prevention, alleviation or treatment of such disorders.

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of 17α-(3-hydroxypropyl)-17β-hydroxysteroids of the formula I starting from 17-ketosteroids of the formula III via the intermediates of the formula V wherein the radicals R3, R5, R6, R7, R10, R13, R15, R16, R40, R41 and R42 have the meaning indicated in the description.

The invention provides a method for synthesizing 7-Acetyleno quinone methide compounds that is safe and inexpensive. The method avoids the need for extremely cold reaction temperatures and unlike the prior art does not require any highly explosive materials. The method comprises the steps of: a) performing a condensation reaction between 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and a secondary amine thereby forming a secondary amine quinone methide intermediate;b) removing water from the secondary amine quinone methide intermediate by azeotropic distillation;c) adding the dehydrated secondary amine quinone methide intermediate to an organic medium containing a metal acetylide to form a Mannich base intermediate; andd) adding a release agent to the Mannich base intermediate to yield a 7-Acetyleno quinone methide.

A way to formulate prasterone to both increase its oral bioavailability, and decrease the variability of its oral bioavailability. In contrast to the approach taught by the prior art, the instant approach is amenable to scale-up to commercial scale. Further, the resulting product is amenable to analysis using standard, known quantitative analytical techniques; thus, unlike the prior art approach, the instant approach may be used to manufacture a product in conformity with applicable regulatory standards.

Disclosed is a photosensitive resin composition for a color filter and a color filter using the same. The photosensitive resin composition for a color filter includes (A) a dye-polymer composite including a structural unit derived from the compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, wherein each substituent is the same as defined in the detailed description; (B) an acryl-based photopolymerizable monomer; (C) a photopolymerization initiator; and (D) a solvent.

The present invention relates to novel 4-pregenen-11β-17-21-triol-3,20-dione derivatives, processes for preparing them, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use as pharmaceuticals, as modulators of glucocorticoid or mineralocorticoid receptors. The invention relates specifically to the use of these compounds and their pharmaceutical compositions to treat disorders associated with glucocorticoid or mineralocorticoid receptor modulation.

Disclosed is a photosensitive resin composition for a color filter including (A) a dye-polymer composite wherein the dye includes a repeating unit derived from a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, wherein in Chemical Formula 1, each substituent is the same as defined in the detailed description; (B) a binder resin; (C) a photopolymerizable monomer; (D) a photopolymerization initiator; and (E) a solvent.

Provided are methods for the treatment of a rheumatic disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosating spondylitis and/or polymyalgia rheumatic, by administering a delayed-release dosage form of a glucocorticoid to a subject in need thereof wherein the treatment is administered once daily for at least about two weeks. Also provided are methods for the treatment of osteoarthritis by administering a delayed-release dosage form of a glucocorticoid to a subject in need thereof wherein the treatment is administered once daily for at least about two weeks.

The invention relates to nitrooxyderivative of corticosteroids of general formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts or stereoisomers thereof R—(Z)a—Rx (I) wherein R is the corticosteroid residue of formula (II): wherein: R1 is OH, R2—CH3, or R1 and R2 are taken together to form a group of formula (III) R3 is Cl or F;R4 is H or F; wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 can be linked to the correspondent carbon atoms of the steroidal structure in position α or β; with the proviso that: when R1 and R2 are the group of formula (III) then R3 is F and R4 is H or F; The compounds are useful in the treatment of respiratory diseases, inflammatory diseases, dermatological diseases and ocular diseases.

The present invention relates to processes for the crystallisation and for the preparation and isolation of a novel crystalline form of fusidic acid, to the use of said processes in the manufacture of pharmaceutical formulation or medicament, and to the use of said crystalline fusidic acid form for the treatment of bacterial infections.

The present invention discloses novel process for the preparation of (2R)-2-acetamido-N- benzyl-3-methoxypropanamide of Formula I involving novel intermediates of Formula-XIX and Formula-XX.

The invention relates to 17-hydroxy-17-pentafluoroethyl-estra-4,9(10)-dien-11-aryl derivatives of formula I with progesterone-antagonizing action and methods of production thereof, use thereof for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases and use thereof for producing medicinal products for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases, in particular uterine fibroids (myomata, uterine leiomyomata), endometriosis, heavy menstrual bleeding, meningiomata, hormone-dependent breast cancers and menopause-associated complaints or for fertility control and emergency contraception.

It is reported herein that certain muscle diseases and conditions, including forms of muscular dystrophy, are characterized by impaired insulin-dependent signaling in the muscle tissue, in essence, a form of insulin resistance. The present disclosure relates to therapeutic agents, compositions and methods for treating a muscle disease or condition characterized by impaired insulin-dependent signaling by targeting components of the defective insulin signaling pathway. The disease or condition may be treated by administering a therapeutic agent that activates the insulin signaling pathway, in particular, therapeutic agents that act post-insulin receptor to modulate intracellular effector molecules. An exemplary modulator is metformin. Metformin may be administered alone or may be coadministered with another therapeutic agent for treating the muscle disease or condition, such as a corticosteroid.

The invention relates to compounds of Formula (A): (A) or a salt, solvate, hydrate, or amino acid conjugate thereof. The compounds of formula A are TGR5 modulators useful for the prevention and treatment of disease.

The present invention provides a compound which functions as a selective vitamin D receptor modulator and has action-selectivity or tissue-selectivity such that it does not induce hypercalcemia but causes other effects. There is provided a compound represented by formula (I), a solvate thereof or a prodrug thereof. wherein m and n each independently represent 1 or 0;R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group;Y represents an ethane-1,1-diyl group or an ethyne-1,2-diyl group; andZ1 represents a hydrogen atom and Z2 represents a hydroxyalkoxy group, orZ1 and Z2 jointly form a methylene group.

Tissue slices and whole organisms offer substantial challenges to fluorescence imaging. Autofluorescence and absorption via intrinsic chromophores, such as flavins, melanin, and hemoglobins, confound and degrade output from all fluorescent tags. An “optical window,” farther red than most autofluorescence sources and in a region of low hemoglobin and water absorbance, lies between 650 and 900 nm. This valley of relative optical clarity is an attractive target for fluorescence-based studies within tissues, intact organs, and living organisms. Novel fluorescent tags were developed herein, based upon a genetically targeted fluorogen activating protein and cognate fluorogenic dye that yields emission with a peak at 733 nm exclusively when complexed as a “fluoromodule”. This tool improves substantially over previously described far-red/NIR fluorescent proteins in terms of brightness, wavelength, and flexibility by leveraging the flexibility of synthetic chemistry to produce novel chromophores.

The invention relates to a method for producing a protective layer on a surface of a plant, to a protective layer for a surface of a plant, to a plant coated with said protective layer, to a composition for carrying out the method and for producing the protective layer, and to uses of said composition. According to the invention, a method is proposed, wherein at least one sol gel having nano-scale particles is formed by the hydrolysis of at least one precursor in water and at least one nano-scale layer of the sol gel is applied onto the surface of the plant. The protective layer according to the invention comprises a nano-scale SiO2 layer, and the composition according to the invention comprises at least one SiO2-producing substance.

The present weed reducing material reduces the necessary weed control work by making joint filling sand a hostile substrate for plant and fungus growth by using an environmentally acceptable slow release mineral additive. The additive, having similar grain size distribution, mechanical and rheological properties, forms an integral part of the joint filling sand. The specific gravity of the additive is lower than quartz sand imparting a tendency for the additive to migrate towards the top part of the joint. The additive leads to pore waters rich in sodium and at high pH, both qualities being maintained over long periods. The mixture of additive and sand is handled and applied using conventional laying techniques and equipment, observing usual precautions for mortar or cement mixes with sand. In the environment, reaction with CO2 in the air or in the soil porosity inactivates the causticity, yielding harmless carbonate salts.

The present invention relates to novel active compound combinations comprising, firstly, at least one known compound of the formula (I) in which R1 and A have the meanings given in the description and, secondly, at least one further known active compound from groups (2) to (27) listed in the description, which combinations are highly suitable for controlling animal pests such as insects and unwanted acarids and also phytopathogenic fungi.

There is provided a compound having an excellent controlling effect on pests represented by the formula (1): wherein, A1 represents —NR7—, etc., A2 represents a nitrogen atom, etc., A3 represents a nitrogen atom, etc., R1 represents a C1-C6 chain hydrocarbon group optionally substituted by one or more atoms or groups selected from Group X, etc., R2, R3 and R4 are the same or different and each represents a C1-C6 chain hydrocarbon group optionally substituted by one or more halogen atoms, etc., R5 and R6 are the same or different and each represents a C1-C6 chain hydrocarbon group optionally substituted by one or more atoms or groups selected from Group X, etc., R7 represents a C1-C6 chain hydrocarbon group optionally substituted by one or more atoms or groups selected from Group W, etc., n represents 0, 1 or 2, or an N-oxide thereof.

This document discloses molecules having the following formulas (“Formula One” & “Formula Two” and “Formula Three”) The Ar1, Het, Ar2, R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 are further described herein.

Described herein are methods and compositions for enhancing pathogen immunity in plants and improving plant growth.

The present invention discloses a method of inhibiting an ethylene response in a plant, comprising step of applying to at least one portion of the plant an effective ethylene response-inhibiting amount of a H1-cyclopropene-1-propanoic acid salt (CPAS). A method of prolonging the life of a cut flower, comprising applying to the cut flower an effective life-prolonging amount of CPAS and a method for the production a CPAS, comprising steps of (i) preparing 4-bromo-4-pentenoic acid or derivatives thereof; (ii) producing 1-cyclopropene-1-propanoic acid; and (iii), converting this acid into its water soluble salt, especially its sodium salt are presented. Additionally, a new family of water soluble CPAS inhibitors for ethylene response in a plant is disclosed.