An ecosystem assessment is a social process through which the findings of science concerning the causes of ecosystem change, their consequences for human well-bring, and the management and policy options are evaluated. The main objective of the paper is to draw insights from experience in the UK, Japan, Spain and Portugal of the added value to policy making of undertaking national level ecosystem assessments.

Elderly individuals with complex, chronic diseases need continuous and tailored care to maintain their health and maximise their ability to participate in society. Japan must change the way it delivers health services for older citizens by strengthening its specialist primary care and making mental health care services more widely available, according to a new OECD report.

While the outlook for many OECD countries remains subdued, Emerging Asia is set for healthy growth over the medium term. Annual GDP growth for the ASEAN -10, China and India is forecast to average 6.5% over 2015-19. Growth momentum remains robust in the 10 ASEAN countries, with economic growth averaging 5.6% over 2015-19.

It was with immense sadness that I learned of the tragic execution of Kenji at the hands of the terrorists from Islamic State. We strongly condemn this terrible and odious act, as well as other killings carried out by ISIS.

The OECD event "Risk Governance and Resilient Cities" will examine how risk governance can better manage complex risks and how to improve the resilience of cities to these risks.

Mr. Gurría presented the 2015 OECD Economic Survey of Japan, held several meetings including with the Prime Minister, took part in the launch event for the Education 2030 project and delivered a keynote speech at the International Symposium on Corporate Governance and Japan’s Growth Strategy.

Levels of alcohol consumption in Japan are slightly below the OECD average and have slightly decreased in the last 20 years. In 2012, an average of 7.2 litres of pure alcohol per capita was consumed in Japan, compared with an estimate of 9.1 litres in the OECD.

Japan has been successful at reducing the mortality due to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) but there is room to reduce the burden of CVD and diabetes even more.

日本は心疾患による死亡率を減少させるのに成功したが、心疾患と糖尿病の負担をさらに減らす余 地は残されている

Agriculture is a provider of commodities such as food, feed, fibre and fuel, and it can bring both positive and negative impacts on the environment. Yet most policy measures target farm systems, inputs and practices and agricultural infrastructure (driving forces) rather than the provision of agri-environmental public goods (environmental outcomes).

日本の医療の質は総じて非常に良好だが、糖尿病の管理、心臓発作（急性心筋梗塞）の治療とがん対策はさらに改善・強化できるだろう。

Achieving strong growth in the global economy remains elusive, with only a modest recovery in advanced economies and slower activity in emerging markets, according to the OECD’s latest Interim Economic Outlook.

Data from the Japanese government suggest there are currently over 1 000 shipyards in Japan. Some of these yards are privately owned individual enterprises, while others form part of larger private or public companies that operate multiple yards. Japan’s shipbuilders exist within a wider maritime cluster that provides crucial upstream and downstream products and services.

On the occasion of the 5th anniversary of 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami, OECD Secretary-General, Angel Gurría, shared his sustained support for the victims and their families.

The Secretary-General met with Prime Minister Shinzo Abe as well as several Ministers and high-level authorities of Japan. He spoke at a number of events and also presented the OECD Territorial Review of Japan and the publication Japan: Boosting Growth and Well-being in an Ageing Society.

Japan must make revitalising growth its number one priority with reforms to boost productivity and encourage more women and older people into jobs to compensate for its rapidly shrinking labour force, according to the OECD.

The Secretary-General presented OECD’s recent analysis and recommendations on the world economy, on more balanced and efficient financial markets for growth, and on progress on the international tax system. He also spoke at the G7 High-Level Symposium “Future of the Global Economy”, organised by the Japanese G7 Presidency.

The Secretary-General attended the G7 Leaders’ Summit and spoke at the outreach sessions “Stability and Prosperity in Asia” and “2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals”.

The global economy is stuck in a low-growth trap that will require more coordinated and comprehensive use of fiscal, monetary and structural policies to move to a higher growth path and ensure that promises are kept to both young and old, according to the OECD’s latest Global Economic Outlook.

In December 2014, the OECD Working Group on Bribery in International Business Transactions agreed to send a High Level Mission to Japan due to longstanding serious concerns about Japan’s implementation of the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention.

A high-level Working Group mission will visit Tokyo on 29-30 June 2016 and meet senior Japanese government officials.

Biographical note of Japan's Permanent Representative to the OECD.

OECD Secretary-General was in Tokyo on 13-14 April 2017, on an official visit to Japan. During his visit, he presented the OECD Economic Survey of Japan 2017 and held hold bilateral meetings with several High Level Officials.

Between 1999 and 2014, the number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Japan dropped by 21% as a result of the retirement of ageing business owners and weak entrepreneurial intentions in the Japanese population.

The OECD has appointed Masamichi Kono as a Deputy Secretary-General. He will replace Rintaro Tamaki, who will be stepping down after six fruitful years in the post.

Mr. Angel Gurría, Secretary-General of the OECD, was in Tokyo on an official visit from 11 to 13 April 2018. He held bilateral meetings with Prime Minister Abe as well as with several Ministers and high level Japanese officials.

This note presents marginal effective tax rates (METRs) that summarise the tax system’s impact on the incentives to make an additional investment in a particular type of savings. By comparing METRs on different types of household savings, we can gain insights into which assets or savings types receive the most favourable treatment from the tax system.

The Co-operative Research Programme (CRP)'s Call for Applications for conference sponsorship and research fellowships for funding in 2019 is now CLOSED. The CRP supports work on sustainable use of natural resources in agriculture, forests, fisheries and food production.

壊れた社会的流動性エレベーター？ 社会的流動性を向上させるには 他国と比べて日本は?

デジタル革命やグローバリゼーション、人口動態の変化によって、OECD 諸国や新興国の労働市場が変貌する一方、政策立案者は生産性及び賃金の成長鈍化や、高水準の所得格差といった問題に懸命に取り組んでいる。新たなOECD 雇用戦略は、これらの難問に対処する国々を支援するために包括的な枠組みと政策提言を提供する。

Mr. Angel Gurría, Secretary-General of the OECD, will be in Tokyo on 15-16 April 2019 on an Official visit to Japan, to present the OECD 2019 Economic Survey of Japan. During his visit, the Secretary-General will hold bilateral meetings with Prime Minister Abe, as well as several Ministers and other high-level Japanese officials.

生産年齢人口（15歳から64歳）の減少にも関わらず、最近の景気拡大のために日本全体の雇用は着実に増加し、2018年には統計開始から過去最大となった。同年齢層の雇用率についても、過去最高に達している。

Japan’s agriculture sector has traditionally been characterised by small-scale rice production, but has recently begun to respond to new market opportunities for higher value food products across a rapidly growing East Asia. Today, rice represents less than 20% of the value of agriculture production, and larger, more productive, and more profitable farm businesses now account for more than half of total agriculture output.

Cross-border capital flows are an integral component of international finance, but require a balanced framework for removing unnecessary barriers to the movement of capital while providing governments flexibility to cope with instances of economic or financial instability, OECD Secretary-General Angel Gurria said today.

Mr. Angel Gurría was be in Osaka, from 27 to 29 June 2019, to attend the G20 Leaders’ Summit. The Secretary-General held bilateral meetings with high-level officials attending the summit.

This country note explains how Japan taxes energy use. The note shows the distribution of effective energy tax rates across all domestic energy use. It also details the country-specific assumptions made when calculating effective energy tax rates and matching tax rates to the corresponding energy base.

Nurses in Luxembourg remained unchanged at 11.98 per 1000 people in 2017 from 11.98 per 1000 people in 2016. Nurses in Luxembourg averaged 11.78 per 1000 people from 2007 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 12.28 per 1000 people in 2012 and a record low of 10.83 per 1000 people in 2007. This page includes a chart with historical data for Luxembourg Nurses.

Housing Index in Luxembourg increased to 137.56 points in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 134.37 points in the third quarter of 2019. Housing Index in Luxembourg averaged 94.83 points from 2007 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 137.56 points in the fourth quarter of 2019 and a record low of 72.67 points in the first quarter of 2007. In Luxembourg, the House Price Index measures residential property market prices. The HPI captures price changes of all kinds of residential property purchased by households (flats, detached houses, terraced houses, etc.), both new and existing. Only market prices are considered, self-build dwellings are therefore excluded. The land component of the residential property is included. This page provides - Luxembourg House Price Index - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Luxembourg recorded 3871 Coronavirus Cases since the epidemic began, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In addition, Luxembourg reported 100 Coronavirus Deaths. This page includes a chart with historical data for Luxembourg Coronavirus Cases.

Imports of Semi-precious Stones & Jewellery in South Africa decreased to 498.15 ZAR Million in March from 757.05 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Semi-precious Stones & Jewellery in South Africa averaged 733.38 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 2037.70 ZAR Million in August of 2016 and a record low of 286.25 ZAR Million in December of 2014. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Semi-precious Stones & Jewellery.

Imports of Base Metals CMLV in South Africa increased to 14297.11 ZAR Million in March from 10137.77 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Base Metals CMLV in South Africa averaged 31234.09 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 61201.96 ZAR Million in December of 2019 and a record low of 5160.26 ZAR Million in January of 2015. South Africa accounts for Imports of Base Metals using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Base Metals CMLV.

Imports of Base Metals & Base Metal Articles in South Africa decreased to 4160.28 ZAR Million in March from 4777.41 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Base Metals & Base Metal Articles in South Africa averaged 4814.08 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 5918.37 ZAR Million in January of 2019 and a record low of 3345.46 ZAR Million in December of 2019. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Base Metals & Base Metal Articles.

South Africa recorded 8895 Coronavirus Cases since the epidemic began, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In addition, South Africa reported 178 Coronavirus Deaths. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Coronavirus Cases.

IP Addresses in Myanmar increased to 4755 IP in the first quarter of 2017 from 4326 IP in the fourth quarter of 2016. IP Addresses in Myanmar averaged 1739.41 IP from 2007 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 5293 IP in the second quarter of 2015 and a record low of 77 IP in the third quarter of 2007. This page includes a chart with historical data for MyanmarIP Addresses.

Myanmar recorded 177 Coronavirus Cases since the epidemic began, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In addition, Myanmar reported 6 Coronavirus Deaths. This page includes a chart with historical data for Myanmar Coronavirus Cases.

The MNI China business sentiment index increased to 55.9 in December of 2016 from 53.1 in November. The reading pointed to the highest figure since August 2014, as output rose the most since September 2015 while Future Expectations Indicator went up to the highest in three months. "This is a positive end to a choppy year for the Chinese business environment," said Andy Wu, Senior Economist of MNI Indicators. Mni Business Sentiment in China averaged 57.59 from 2007 until 2016, reaching an all time high of 77.20 in May of 2010 and a record low of 38.70 in December of 2008. The MNI China Business Sentiment survey is a monthly poll of Chinese business executives at a mix of manufacturing and service sector companies listed on both the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges. The survey provides the first monthly snapshot of economic and business conditions, ahead of official data and other business confidence data in China. Respondents are asked their opinion on whether a particular business activity has increased, decreased remained the same compared with the previous month as well as their expectations for three months ahead. E.g. Is Production Higher/Same/Lower compared with a month ago? A diffusion indicator is then calculated by adding the percentage share of positive responses to half the percentage of those respondents reporting no change. An indicator reading above 50 shows expansion, below 50 indicates contraction and a result of 50 means no change. Series which show a seasonal pattern are seasonally adjusted. This page provides - China Mni Business Sentiment- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Mni Business Sentiment in India increased to 66 in August from 62.80 in July of 2016. Mni Business Sentiment in India averaged 62.44 from 2012 until 2016, reaching an all time high of 71.20 in September of 2014 and a record low of 47.50 in April of 2013. Mni Business Sentiment in India is reported by the MNI Deutsche Börse Group. The MNI India Business Sentiment Survey is a monthly poll of Indian business executives at a mix of manufacturing and service sector companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange. The survey provides the first monthly snapshot of economic and business conditions, ahead of official data in India. Respondents are asked their opinion on whether a particular business activity has increased, decreased remained the same compared with the previous month as well as their expectations for three months ahead. E.g. Is Production Higher/Same/Lower compared with a month ago? A diffusion indicator is then calculated by adding the percentage share of positive responses to half the percentage of those respondents reporting no change. An indicator reading above 50 shows expansion, below 50 indicates contraction and a result of 50 means no change. Series which show a seasonal pattern are seasonally adjusted. This page provides - India Mni Business Sentiment- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

IP Addresses in Andorra increased to 28333 IP in the first quarter of 2017 from 25392 IP in the fourth quarter of 2016. IP Addresses in Andorra averaged 20988.10 IP from 2007 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 28704 IP in the second quarter of 2016 and a record low of 10500 IP in the third quarter of 2007. This page includes a chart with historical data for AndorraIP Addresses.

Andorra recorded 752 Coronavirus Cases since the epidemic began, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In addition, Andorra reported 47 Coronavirus Deaths. This page includes a chart with historical data for Andorra Coronavirus Cases.

IP Addresses in Guam increased to 51563 IP in the first quarter of 2017 from 47493 IP in the fourth quarter of 2016. IP Addresses in Guam averaged 43634.51 IP from 2007 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 55351 IP in the fourth quarter of 2011 and a record low of 26611 IP in the fourth quarter of 2007. This page includes a chart with historical data for GuamIP Addresses.