mi Appreciating van Leeuwenhoek: The Cloth Merchant Who Discovered Microbes By scienceblogs.com Published On :: Tue, 06 Apr 2021 14:49:13 +0000 Appreciating van Leeuwenhoek: The Cloth Merchant Who Discovered Microbes Imagine trying to cope with a pandemic like COVID-19 in a world where microscopic life was unknown. Prior to the 17th century, people were limited by what they could see with their own two eyes. But then a Dutch cloth merchant changed everything. His name was Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, and he lived from 1632 to 1723. Although untrained in science, Leeuwenhoek became the greatest lens-maker of his day, discovered microscopic life forms and is known today as the “father of microbiology.” Visualizing ‘animalcules’ with a ‘small see-er’ Leeuwenhoek opened the door to a vast, previously unseen world. J. Verolje/Wellcome Collection, CC BY Leeuwenhoek didn’t set out to identify microbes. Instead, he was trying to assess the quality of thread. He developed a method for making lenses by heating thin filaments of glass to make tiny spheres. His lenses were of such high quality he saw things no one else could. This enabled him to train his microscope – literally, “small see-er” – on a new and largely unexpected realm: objects, including organisms, far too small to be seen by the naked eye. He was the first to visualize red blood cells, blood flow in capillaries and sperm. Drawings from a Leeuwenhoek letter in 1683 illustrating human mouth bacteria. Huydang2910, CC BY-SA Leeuwenhoek was also the first human being to see a bacterium – and the importance of this discovery for microbiology and medicine can hardly be overstated. Yet he was reluctant to publish his findings, due to his lack of formal education. Eventually, friends prevailed upon him to do so. He wrote, “Whenever I found out anything remarkable, I thought it my duty to put down my discovery on paper, so that all ingenious people might be informed thereof.” He was guided by his curiosity and joy in discovery, asserting “I’ve taken no notice of those who have said why take so much trouble and what good is it?” When he reported visualizing “animalcules” (tiny animals) swimming in a drop of pond water, members of the scientific community questioned his reliability. After his findings were corroborated by reliable religious and scientific authorities, they were published, and in 1680 he was invited to join the Royal Society in London, then the world’s premier scientific body. Leeuwenhoek was not the world’s only microscopist. In England, his contemporary Robert Hooke coined the term “cell” to describe the basic unit of life and published his “Micrographia,” featuring incredibly detailed images of insects and the like, which became the first scientific best-seller. Hooke, however, did not identify bacteria. Despite Leuwenhoek’s prowess as a lens-maker, even he could not see viruses. They are about 1/100th the size of bacteria, much too small to be visualized by light microscopes, which because of the physics of light can magnify only thousands of times. Viruses weren’t visualized until 1931 with the invention of electron microscopes, which could magnify by the millions. An image of the hepatitis virus courtesy of the electron microscope. E.H. Cook, Jr./CDC via Associated Press A vast, previously unseen world Leeuwenhoek and his successors opened up, by far, the largest realm of life. For example, all the bacteria on Earth outweigh humans by more than 1,100 times and outnumber us by an unimaginable margin. There is fossil evidence that bacteria were among the first life forms on Earth, dating back over 3 billion years, and today it is thought the planet houses about 5 nonillion (1 followed by 30 zeroes) bacteria. Some species of bacteria cause diseases, such as cholera, syphilis and strep throat; while others, known as extremophiles, can survive at temperatures beyond the boiling and freezing points of water, from the upper reaches of the atmosphere to the deepest points of the oceans. Also, the number of harmless bacterial cells on and in our bodies likely outnumber the human ones. Viruses, which include the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19, outnumber bacteria by a factor of 100, meaning there are more of them on Earth than stars in the universe. They, too, are found everywhere, from the upper atmosphere to the ocean depths. A visualization of the human rhinovirus 14, one of many viruses that cause the common cold. Protein spikes are colored white for clarity. Thomas Splettstoesser, CC BY-SA Strangely, viruses probably do not qualify as living organisms. They can replicate only by infecting other organisms’ cells, where they hijack cellular systems to make copies of themselves, sometimes causing the death of the infected cell. It is important to remember that microbes such as bacteria and viruses do far more than cause disease, and many are vital to life. For example, bacteria synthesize vitamin B12, without which most living organisms would not be able to make DNA. Likewise, viruses cause diseases such as the common cold, influenza and COVID-19, but they also play a vital role in transferring genes between species, which helps to increase genetic diversity and propel evolution. Today researchers use viruses to treat diseases such as cancer. Scientists’ understanding of microbes has progressed a long way since Leeuwenhoek, including the development of antibiotics against bacteria and vaccines against viruses including SARS-CoV-2. But it was Leeuwenhoek who first opened people’s eyes to life’s vast microscopic realm, a discovery that continues to transform the world. By Richard Gunderman, Chancellor's Professor of Medicine, Liberal Arts, and Philanthropy, Indiana University. This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article. sb admin Tue, 04/06/2021 - 10:49 Categories Life Sciences Full Article
mi Bernie Sanders tests positive for COVID-19 amid nationwide spike By www.washingtonexaminer.com Published On :: Thu, 28 Dec 2023 20:46:20 GMT Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-VT) revealed Thursday that he contracted COVID-19 during the Senate's holiday break amid an increase in infections nationwide. Full Article
mi Federal judge blocks Idaho child gender transition law, claiming parental rights By www.washingtonexaminer.com Published On :: Thu, 28 Dec 2023 23:07:09 GMT A federal judge in Idaho issued a block on a state law that would ban gender transitions for children before it was set to go into effect Jan. 1. Full Article
mi Newsom extends free healthcare to 700,000 illegal immigrants despite record budget deficit By www.washingtonexaminer.com Published On :: Mon, 01 Jan 2024 16:06:04 GMT California became the first state on Monday to offer comprehensive health insurance to all undocumented immigrants, a plan expected to expand to roughly 700,000 residents living in the Golden State. Full Article
mi Home economics: High housing costs may haunt Biden on the 2024 campaign trail By www.washingtonexaminer.com Published On :: Mon, 04 Dec 2023 11:00:15 GMT Mortgage rates are at their highest levels in 22 years and house prices are at record highs. Hardworking Americans cannot get on the property ladder, and retirees are struggling to sell in order to downsize. The Biden administration has done little to help alleviate the problem. This Washington Examiner series, Home Economics, will investigate how we got here, the toll on people around the country, and the alternatives people are embracing to survive the market. Part one of this four-part series focuses on the risk the crisis poses to President Joe Biden's reelection effort. Full Article
mi Home economics: The human cost of the affordability crisis By www.washingtonexaminer.com Published On :: Tue, 05 Dec 2023 11:00:37 GMT Soaring mortgage rates have combined with high housing prices to push homebuying out of reach for many people, causing major knock-on effects on their lives. Full Article
mi Home economics: Is the US missing 2 million houses — or 20 million? By www.washingtonexaminer.com Published On :: Wed, 06 Dec 2023 11:00:55 GMT Mortgage rates are at their highest levels in 22 years and house prices are at record highs. Hardworking Americans cannot get on the property ladder, and retirees are struggling to sell in order to downsize. The Biden administration has done little to help alleviate the problem. This Washington Examiner series, Home Economics, will investigate how we got here, the toll on people around the country, and the alternatives people are embracing to survive the market. Part three of this four-part series focuses on the supply side problems in the housing market. Full Article
mi Home economics: The alternative to mortgages with sky-high rates By www.washingtonexaminer.com Published On :: Thu, 07 Dec 2023 11:00:05 GMT Mortgage rates are at their highest levels in 22 years and house prices are at record highs. Hardworking people cannot get on the property ladder, and retirees are struggling to sell in order to downsize. The Biden administration has done little to help alleviate the problem. This Washington Examiner series, Home Economics, will investigate how we got here, the toll on people around the country, and the alternatives people are embracing to survive the market. The last part of this four-part series focuses on the alternatives to traditional fixed-rate mortgages gaining new consideration among prospective home buyers. Full Article
mi VIP tickets available for Kingsmill Championship By www.washingtonexaminer.com Published On :: Thu, 17 Jan 2013 05:00:00 GMT The LPGA made a successful return to Williamsburg last year, drawing 63,000 fans for the Kingsmill Championship. The tournament, staged last September and won in a memorable nine-hole, sudden-death playoff by Jiyai Shin over Paula Creamer, moves up on the LPGA calendar this year, to May 2-5 at the Kingsmill Resort’s famed River Course. Full Article
mi Three former winners join Tseng at Kingsmill By www.washingtonexaminer.com Published On :: Fri, 05 Apr 2013 04:00:00 GMT Former winners at Kingsmill, Suzann Pettersen (2007), Karrie Webb (2006), and Se Ri Pak (2004), will join superstar Yani Tseng at the Kingsmill Championship, May 2-5. All four players will participate in the tournament for the first time since 2009. They skipped last year’s event, which ended a two-year hiatus for the LPGA Tour at Kingsmill. Full Article
mi Playoff combatants Shin, Creamer commit to Kingsmill By www.washingtonexaminer.com Published On :: Tue, 23 Apr 2013 04:00:00 GMT Last September in the Kingsmill Championship, winner Jiyai Shin and runner-up Paula Creamer engaged in a riveting, LPGA-record, nine-hole playoff. On Tuesday, the tournament announced both will be back for the event, which has been moved up on the LPGA calendar to May 2-5. Full Article
mi Economists call arena relocation threats ‘extortion’ By www.washingtonexaminer.com Published On :: Mon, 07 Aug 2023 12:21:49 GMT (Center Square) — Monumental Sports and Entertainment have been in talks this summer of a future move to northern Virginia for some of Washington, D.C.’s professional sports teams if the city doesn’t chip in more for improvements to their sports arena, the Washington Post has reported. Full Article
mi New year, new laws coming to the commonwealth By www.washingtonexaminer.com Published On :: Mon, 01 Jan 2024 14:05:25 GMT (The Center Square) — The new year signals change, specifically new laws which will take effect in Virginia, especially in the health care sector. Full Article
mi Kratom regulations shelved in California amid battle between advocacy groups By www.latimes.com Published On :: Thu, 15 Aug 2024 23:32:56 GMT A California bill that would have imposed regulations on kratom products has been shelved. Kratom is a substance derived from a tree native to Southeast Asia that is sold in the U.S. in powder, capsule and extract form. Full Article
mi How a dire shortage of video game consoles helped prove that gaming boosts mental health By www.latimes.com Published On :: Mon, 19 Aug 2024 15:00:10 GMT A run on consoles during the pandemic allowed researchers to test whether gaming causes changes in the mental well-being of players. Full Article
mi 'I don't want him to go': An autistic teen and his family face stark choices By www.latimes.com Published On :: Tue, 27 Aug 2024 10:00:42 GMT An autistic child. The struggle for services. The 911 calls. This is the harrowing story of how one mom scrambled to get help for her son and keep her head above water. Full Article
mi Cedars-Sinai terminates OB-GYN's hospital privileges after complaint investigation By www.latimes.com Published On :: Sat, 14 Sep 2024 10:00:28 GMT An obstetrician-gynecologist has been barred from practicing at Cedars-Sinai following an investigation into complaints. The doctor has denied wrongdoing. Full Article
mi An industrial chemical is showing up in fentanyl in the U.S., troubling scientists By www.latimes.com Published On :: Mon, 16 Sep 2024 18:32:17 GMT An industrial chemical used in plastic products has been cropping up in illegal drugs from California to Maine. Full Article
mi 'Grief into action.' Philanthropists give historic $150 million donation to City of Hope for pancreatic cancer research By www.latimes.com Published On :: Tue, 17 Sep 2024 09:30:06 GMT Entrepreneur Emmet Stephenson and his daughter are giving $150 million to City of Hope to fund an award for innovation research in pancreatic cancer. It's the largest single gift the center has received. Full Article
mi Tooth decay still plagues California kids nearly a decade after Medi-Cal promised change By www.latimes.com Published On :: Tue, 17 Sep 2024 10:00:32 GMT Kids in California struggle with more cavities than kids in most states, despite Medi-Cal efforts to fix dental care administrative hurdles and focus on prevention. Full Article
mi Drug-resistant germs will kill millions more people in coming decades, researchers warn By www.latimes.com Published On :: Wed, 18 Sep 2024 10:00:55 GMT Unless officials take action to develop new medications, drug-resistant infections could kill nearly 2 million people a year in 2050. Full Article
mi What you need to know about Earth's new, temporary mini-moon By www.latimes.com Published On :: Thu, 19 Sep 2024 10:00:06 GMT Dubbed the 2024 PT5, the 'mini-moon' will orbit Earth for nearly two months. It comes in a season of lunar phenomena. Full Article
mi 30 years later, a family's loss gives life to others By www.latimes.com Published On :: Fri, 20 Sep 2024 10:00:16 GMT Nicholas Green's organ donation legacy lives on 30 years later. Full Article
mi New genetic research points to Wuhan animal market as origin of COVID pandemic, study says By www.latimes.com Published On :: Sat, 21 Sep 2024 10:00:36 GMT Samples taken in the pandemic's early weeks reinforce hypothesis that coronavirus emerged from live animal market, not a laboratory, new study says. Full Article
mi Wildfires can release more energy than an atomic bomb. No wonder they look apocalyptic By www.latimes.com Published On :: Sun, 22 Sep 2024 10:00:07 GMT Uncontrolled wildfires can be powerful enough to generate their own weather. Full Article
mi Opinion: The evidence shows women make better doctors. So why do men still dominate medicine? By www.latimes.com Published On :: Fri, 4 Oct 2024 10:15:37 GMT Research suggests that the patients of female physicians' fare better on average. But old-fashioned sexism is still a barrier to their success in the profession. Full Article
mi The Tijuana River smells so bad, the CDC is coming to investigate By www.latimes.com Published On :: Fri, 4 Oct 2024 15:46:18 GMT The CDC plans to knock on the doors of randomly selected homes in the Tijuana River Valley later this month to ask them about how the sewage crisis has affected their wellbeing. Full Article
mi Sex, radiation and mummies: How farms are fighting a pesky almond moth without pesticides By www.latimes.com Published On :: Mon, 7 Oct 2024 10:00:27 GMT An experimental program seeks to protect California almond trees from a pesky moth by using X-rays to sterilize the insects. Full Article
mi Dozens of patients file suit against former OB-GYN and Cedars-Sinai, alleging misconduct By www.latimes.com Published On :: Tue, 8 Oct 2024 19:31:29 GMT Thirty-five women are suing a Beverly Hills obstetrician-gynecologist, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and other medical practices, alleging decades of misconduct. Full Article
mi California hospitals scramble on earthquake retrofits as state limits extensions By www.latimes.com Published On :: Wed, 9 Oct 2024 10:00:05 GMT California legislators for years have granted extensions on a 1994 law requiring hospitals to retrofit their buildings to withstand earthquakes. Gov. Gavin Newsom in September vetoed an extension for all hospitals but signed a bill granting relief to rural and "distressed" hospitals and some others. Full Article
mi Listeria recall expands to 12 million pounds of meat and poultry sold at Trader Joe's, Target and others By www.latimes.com Published On :: Wed, 16 Oct 2024 10:00:59 GMT Meat producer BrucePac is recalling nearly 10 million pounds of meat and poultry products sold at Trader Joe's, Target, Kroger and other retailers because they might be contaminated with listeria. Full Article
mi Infant mortality in the U.S. worsened after Supreme Court limited abortion access By www.latimes.com Published On :: Mon, 21 Oct 2024 15:00:06 GMT Just months after the Supreme Court limited abortion access, infant mortality rates rose significantly higher, according to a new study. Full Article
mi Microdosing Ozempic? Why some people are playing doctor with weight-loss drugs By www.latimes.com Published On :: Tue, 5 Nov 2024 11:00:12 GMT As demand for popular weight-loss drugs like Wegovy and Zepbound skyrockets, patients are taking dosage amounts into their own hands. Full Article
mi Food, fluoride and funding: How a new Trump term might affect health in California By www.latimes.com Published On :: Fri, 8 Nov 2024 11:00:27 GMT From family planning to hospital bills, the new Trump administration has the potential to affect a wide range of policies in the Golden State and beyond. Full Article
mi Prominent USC scientist goes on leave amid research misconduct allegations By www.latimes.com Published On :: Tue, 12 Nov 2024 11:00:42 GMT USC professor Berislav Zlokovic is on leave after whistleblowers cast doubt on his published work and derailed trials for an experimental stroke treatment. Full Article
mi Trump has ‘preliminary plans’ to visit Capitol Hill ahead of Biden meeting By www.washingtonexaminer.com Published On :: Tue, 12 Nov 2024 16:16:03 +0000 President-elect Donald Trump is expected to make a visit with House Republican leadership on Capitol Hill before meeting with President Joe Biden at the White House on Wednesday morning, Speaker Mike Johnson (R-LA) told reporters on Tuesday. Although the details have not been finalized, Johnson said they have “preliminary plans” to meet with the president-elect […] Full Article House News Congress Donald Trump Mike Johnson Trump Transition Washington D.C.
mi House Republicans learn from Trump’s first-term mistakes to be ‘ready on day one’ By www.washingtonexaminer.com Published On :: Tue, 12 Nov 2024 21:17:10 +0000 House Republican leaders are learning from their mistakes during President-elect Donald Trump’s first term to be “ready on day one” to implement their aggressive agenda plans filled with policy changes during the first 100 days of Trump’s presidency. House leaders have been in conversations with Trump for nearly a year to discuss policy proposals and […] Full Article House Congress Donald Trump House of Representatives Trump Administration Trump Transition
mi Caps defenseman Mike Green retaliates after attempted slew foot By www.washingtonexaminer.com Published On :: Mon, 13 May 2013 04:00:00 GMT The Capitals were upset with a lot of calls on Sunday in a 1-0 loss to the New York Rangers. Maybe a better way to say it – they were upset about non-calls. New York, the most disciplined team in the NHL this season, wasn’t whistled for a single penalty. Washington took five – two of them obvious, and dumb, retaliation penalties. Full Article
mi Caps center Mike Ribeiro looks towards free agency By www.washingtonexaminer.com Published On :: Wed, 15 May 2013 04:00:00 GMT The Capitals don’t have many decisions to make this summer. When NHL free agency opens on July 5 the two key players they have headed to the open market are center Mike Ribeiro and winger Matt Hendricks. Full Article
mi Maryland teachers union representative suspended for antisemitic posts targeting local wealthy Jews By www.washingtonexaminer.com Published On :: Tue, 05 Dec 2023 01:00:24 GMT A Maryland teacher has reportedly been suspended after being accused of spreading antisemitic social media posts. Full Article
mi Raskin says there is antisemitism in the GOP: ‘Where does Elise Stefanik get off?’ By www.washingtonexaminer.com Published On :: Mon, 11 Dec 2023 03:38:15 GMT Rep. Jamie Raskin (D-MD) railed against the GOP Sunday regarding the recent national response to antisemitism on college campuses. He took specific aim at Rep. Elise Stefanik (R-NY) and former President Donald Trump on the topic. Full Article
mi Maryland implements Medicaid expansions for gender-affirming care By www.washingtonexaminer.com Published On :: Fri, 05 Jan 2024 12:53:41 GMT (The Center Square) — Effective Jan. 1, through its Trans Health Equity Act, Maryland Medicaid coverage has expanded gender-affirming services and procedures. Full Article
mi Two PGA officials to testify to Senate committee over LIV Golf merger By www.washingtonexaminer.com Published On :: Mon, 03 Jul 2023 20:05:42 GMT Two PGA Tour golf officials will testify as witnesses in front of a Senate subcommittee hearing on the LIV Golf merger next week, the committee's leaders announced Monday. Full Article
mi Jon Rahm jumping from PGA Tour to LIV with over $300 million deal: Report By www.washingtonexaminer.com Published On :: Thu, 07 Dec 2023 23:03:19 GMT Golfer Jon Rahm is reportedly jumping from the PGA Tour to the Saudi-backed LIV Golf and is expected to receive a lucrative payday for his move. Full Article
mi Pro-Palestinian activists protest at Google developer conference amid Israel-Hamas war By www.latimes.com Published On :: Tue, 14 May 2024 20:05:49 GMT A group of protesters blocked the entrance of Google's developer conference in Mountain View, Calif. The demonstrators have condemned the tech giant's cloud computing contract with Israel's government. Full Article
mi TikTok said to plan job cuts amid a wave of tech industry layoffs By www.latimes.com Published On :: Wed, 22 May 2024 18:30:38 GMT TikTok plans to lay off employees this week, according to a report in the Information. The job cuts come as other companies have recently cut staff, including Apple and Google in California. Full Article
mi OpenAI forms safety and security committee as concerns mount about AI By www.latimes.com Published On :: Tue, 28 May 2024 18:43:19 GMT The company said it formed a safety and security committee, which is expected to make recommendations within 90 days. The move comes after a number of controversies, including a dustup with actor Scarlett Johansson. Full Article
mi Op-comic: What one doctor learned as a guinea pig for AI By www.latimes.com Published On :: Mon, 3 Jun 2024 10:00:49 GMT I was skeptical of bringing artificial intelligence into the exam room, but it promised to reduce my screen time and shift the focus back to the patients. Full Article
mi Trump raises millions in Newport Beach and Beverly Hills in post-conviction appearances By www.latimes.com Published On :: Sat, 8 Jun 2024 17:48:50 GMT Former President Trump, in his first post-conviction fundraising swing, raises millions of dollars throughout California. Full Article
mi Foundation honoring 'Star Trek' creator offers million-dollar prize to develop AI that's 'used for good' By www.latimes.com Published On :: Thu, 20 Jun 2024 12:00:35 GMT The Gene Roddenberry foundation will award $1 million to an early-stage venture focused on harnessing artificial intelligence in service of humanity. Full Article