po How to Make Episode Artwork Show in Podcast Apps (even in Apple Podcasts!) By theaudacitytopodcast.com Published On :: Wed, 04 Jan 2023 11:00:00 +0000 Enhance the experience for your audience by making unique artwork for each episode. But you need to adapt to how each app might display the image. The post How to Make Episode Artwork Show in Podcast Apps (even in Apple Podcasts!) first appeared on The Audacity to Podcast. Full Article Audio Apple Podcasts artwork chapters episode images id3 editor ID3 tags images Podcasting 2.0 production
po What Is the Best Day of the Week to Publish Podcast Episodes? By theaudacitytopodcast.com Published On :: Wed, 11 Jan 2023 11:00:00 +0000 Should you publish your podcast episodes on a particular day of the week, avoid the weekends, publish on popular days, or something else? The post What Is the Best Day of the Week to Publish Podcast Episodes? first appeared on The Audacity to Podcast. Full Article Audio competition consistency content niche production promotion schedule
po What’s the Best Time of Day to Publish Podcast Episodes? By theaudacitytopodcast.com Published On :: Wed, 18 Jan 2023 11:00:00 +0000 Does it matter what time of day you publish your podcast episodes? Yes! And here are some tips to help you pick when that should be. The post What’s the Best Time of Day to Publish Podcast Episodes? first appeared on The Audacity to Podcast. Full Article Audio automation consistency production promotion schedule
po Should You Include Guest Names in Your Podcast Episode Titles? By theaudacitytopodcast.com Published On :: Wed, 25 Jan 2023 11:00:00 +0000 If you ever have a guest on your podcast, you might be wondering where to put their name. Here are some things to consider for your own podcast. The post Should You Include Guest Names in Your Podcast Episode Titles? first appeared on The Audacity to Podcast. Full Article Audio episode titles guests interviews Podcasting 2.0 promotion RSS SEO
po This Is the BEST Link to Share Your Podcast By theaudacitytopodcast.com Published On :: Wed, 08 Feb 2023 11:00:00 +0000 Whether you're a guest on someone else's podcast, you're promoting your latest episode on social networks, or you're making marketing materials for your podcast, you might be wondering which link you should use to share your podcast. The post This Is the BEST Link to Share Your Podcast first appeared on The Audacity to Podcast. Full Article Audio links marketing promotion social networks social sharing website
po Should Your Photo Be in Your Podcast Cover Art? By theaudacitytopodcast.com Published On :: Wed, 15 Feb 2023 11:00:00 +0000 Podcast cover art is usually the first and most prominent thing people will see about your podcast! So should your photo be in the cover art? The post Should Your Photo Be in Your Podcast Cover Art? first appeared on The Audacity to Podcast. Full Article Audio artwork branding cover art design production
po Avoid These Words in Your Podcast Title By theaudacitytopodcast.com Published On :: Wed, 22 Feb 2023 11:00:00 +0000 Here are the words to avoid so you can have the best podcast title that will clearly communicate to potential audiences and stand out in searches. The post Avoid These Words in Your Podcast Title first appeared on The Audacity to Podcast. Full Article Audio accessibility branding domains podcast title profanity SEO titles
po Best Audio-Editing Apps for Podcasting in 2023 By theaudacitytopodcast.com Published On :: Wed, 01 Mar 2023 11:00:00 +0000 Whether you're just starting your podcast or you've been podcasting for a while, you might find some things easier by using better tools. Here are the audio-editing apps I recommend most for podcasting in 2023. The post Best Audio-Editing Apps for Podcasting in 2023 first appeared on The Audacity to Podcast. Full Article Audio Adobe Audition Adobe Podcast audacity audio-editing Descript Hindenburg production Reaper
po Follow The Future of Podcasting Now! By theaudacitytopodcast.com Published On :: Wed, 15 Mar 2023 10:00:00 +0000 I've teamed up with Dave Jackson, from School of Podcasting, to discuss the future of podcasting! We seek to inform you about trends, Podcasting 2.0, and more to help you make your podcast better for yourself and your audience, and we work to explain things in an understandable way. The post Follow The Future of Podcasting Now! first appeared on The Audacity to Podcast. Full Article Audio Podcasting 2.0
po 8 Ways to Improve Your Podcast Description By theaudacitytopodcast.com Published On :: Wed, 22 Mar 2023 10:00:00 +0000 Your podcast description gives you SEO benefits and the vital opportunity to convince a potential audience to try your podcast. The post 8 Ways to Improve Your Podcast Description first appeared on The Audacity to Podcast. Full Article Audio artificial intelligence Capsho episode descriptions Jasper marketing podcast descriptions promotion SEO
po Are Podcasting 2.0 Micropayments Actually Worth It? By theaudacitytopodcast.com Published On :: Wed, 29 Mar 2023 10:00:00 +0000 Podcasting 2.0 introduced a new way for your audience to support your podcast by sending micropayments. This is usually measured by satoshis (abbreviated as "sats"), which are one hundred millionths of a Bitcoin. As such a small portion of cryptocurrency, many people might wonder whether the effort is even worth the return. The post Are Podcasting 2.0 Micropayments Actually Worth It? first appeared on The Audacity to Podcast. Full Article Audio cryptocurrency donations micropayments monetization Podcasting 2.0 profit promotion
po Should You Limit Your Available Podcast Episodes? By theaudacitytopodcast.com Published On :: Wed, 05 Apr 2023 10:00:00 +0000 As you podcast consistently, you'll build up a back catalog of episodes. But should you keep all of those episodes available? The post Should You Limit Your Available Podcast Episodes? first appeared on The Audacity to Podcast. Full Article Audio Apple Podcasts back catalog episodes marketing monetization production profit promotion RSS feed SEO timeless content website
po Debunking the Myth: “It’s Not Hurting Their Podcast” By theaudacitytopodcast.com Published On :: Wed, 12 Apr 2023 10:00:00 +0000 Some podcasters think everything a successful podcaster does directly contributes to their success and not holding them back. But that's false! The post Debunking the Myth: “It’s Not Hurting Their Podcast” first appeared on The Audacity to Podcast. Full Article Audio content interviews marketing monetization presentation production profit promotion techniques
po Does Your Podcast NEED Video? By theaudacitytopodcast.com Published On :: Wed, 26 Apr 2023 10:00:00 +0000 Internet marketers have a new crush on video and many podcasters are starting to feel pressured to create video content. But do you need to add video? The post Does Your Podcast NEED Video? first appeared on The Audacity to Podcast. Full Article Audio Instagram production promotion social networks TikTok video editing video podcasting YouTube
po How to Choose the Right Podcast Categories By theaudacitytopodcast.com Published On :: Wed, 03 May 2023 10:00:00 +0000 The right category can help your podcast get discovered and featured. But which categories are best for your podcast when there are so many? The post How to Choose the Right Podcast Categories first appeared on The Audacity to Podcast. Full Article Audio Apple Podcasts categories production promotion RSS feed SEO
po 8 Bonus Content Ideas for Your Podcast By theaudacitytopodcast.com Published On :: Wed, 24 May 2023 10:00:00 +0000 Bonus content can be a fun way to engage and reward your loyal podcast audience, either publicly, through an opt-in, or in a premium subscription. The post 8 Bonus Content Ideas for Your Podcast first appeared on The Audacity to Podcast. Full Article Audio bonuses community email episode types production promotion subscriptions
po 6 Benefits of a Podcast Branding Refresh By theaudacitytopodcast.com Published On :: Wed, 31 May 2023 10:00:00 +0000 Thinking about refreshing your podcast branding? Before I discuss the "when," let's consider how your podcast might benefit from a branding refresh. The post 6 Benefits of a Podcast Branding Refresh first appeared on The Audacity to Podcast. Full Article Audio branding cover art design marketing production promotion SEO
po When Should You Refresh Your Podcast Branding? By theaudacitytopodcast.com Published On :: Wed, 14 Jun 2023 10:00:00 +0000 After considering the benefits of refreshing your podcast branding, you need to decide when it's the right time to do so. Here are some suggestions! The post When Should You Refresh Your Podcast Branding? first appeared on The Audacity to Podcast. Full Article Audio audio branding branding cover art egagement growth marketing production seasons
po Best Prime Day Deals for Podcasters 2023 By theaudacitytopodcast.com Published On :: Tue, 11 Jul 2023 14:23:25 +0000 Happy Amazon Prime Day! Here are the best deals we've found for podcasters. These prices are good for only July 11–12, 2023—or maybe even more limited than that! Most of the following deals are available exclusively to Amazon Prime members. Prime Day is over, but the following deals are still available as of 11:15 am... The post Best Prime Day Deals for Podcasters 2023 first appeared on The Audacity to Podcast. Full Article Blog
po Best Black Friday / Cyber Monday Podcasting Deals for Podcasters (2023) By theaudacitytopodcast.com Published On :: Mon, 20 Nov 2023 15:39:44 +0000 Check here often for the latest and greatest deals on microphones, interfaces, apps, accessories, and more to help you podcast! The post Best Black Friday / Cyber Monday Podcasting Deals for Podcasters (2023) first appeared on The Audacity to Podcast. Full Article Blog deals
po Exciting News: Podcast Award, Podgagement, and Podcast Hall of Fame By theaudacitytopodcast.com Published On :: Wed, 10 Jan 2024 11:00:00 +0000 The Audacity to Podcast is back! And before jumping back into the content to help you grow and improve your podcast, I want to share three things I'm really excited about! The post Exciting News: Podcast Award, Podgagement, and Podcast Hall of Fame first appeared on The Audacity to Podcast. Full Article Audio Hall of Fame podcast awards Podgagement
po How to Refresh Your Podcast Branding By theaudacitytopodcast.com Published On :: Wed, 24 Jan 2024 11:00:00 +0000 After sharing multiple considerations for refreshing your podcast branding, it's time to wrap it up with the big question: how? The post How to Refresh Your Podcast Branding first appeared on The Audacity to Podcast. Full Article Audio branding promotion refresh SEO
po How to Fix Duplicate Listings in Apple Podcasts (or Other Podcast Apps) By theaudacitytopodcast.com Published On :: Wed, 31 Jan 2024 11:00:00 +0000 If your podcast is listed twice in Apple Podcasts or another podcast directory, STOP! Don't do anything about it until you read or listen to this! The post How to Fix Duplicate Listings in Apple Podcasts (or Other Podcast Apps) first appeared on The Audacity to Podcast. Full Article Audio Apple Podcasts duplicate publishing RSS RSS feed
po Best Podcast Hosting Providers (2024) By theaudacitytopodcast.com Published On :: Wed, 07 Feb 2024 11:00:00 +0000 Get the latest top recommendations for the best podcast-hosting providers, whether you're just starting or you're wanting to upgrade your podcasting tools! The post Best Podcast Hosting Providers (2024) first appeared on The Audacity to Podcast. Full Article Audio Blubrry Buzzsprout dynamic ad-insertion dynamic content insertion LibSyn media hosting podcast hosting RedCircle RSS feed stats
po Top 5 Podcasting 2.0 Features You Should Try By theaudacitytopodcast.com Published On :: Wed, 14 Feb 2024 11:00:00 +0000 Podcasting 2.0 is revolutionizing podcasting for podcasters, audiences, and developers. Here are what I think are the best features you should be leveraging, if you can. The post Top 5 Podcasting 2.0 Features You Should Try first appeared on The Audacity to Podcast. Full Article Audio comments engagement live-streaming micropayments Podcasting 2.0 transcripts
po How to Use Podcast Transcripts By theaudacitytopodcast.com Published On :: Wed, 06 Mar 2024 11:00:00 +0000 Transcripts have long been promoted as ways to make your podcast more findable and accessible. But it's only recently that podcast transcripts have become actually useful! The post How to Use Podcast Transcripts first appeared on The Audacity to Podcast. Full Article Audio AI audio-editing Podcasting 2.0 production promotion RSS feed transcripts video editing
po Do IAB-Certified Stats Matter for Your Podcast? By theaudacitytopodcast.com Published On :: Wed, 13 Mar 2024 10:00:00 +0000 You might have heard people talk about IAB podcast stats, measurement guidelines, compliance, and certification. Here's what all of that means, and whether it even matters! The post Do IAB-Certified Stats Matter for Your Podcast? first appeared on The Audacity to Podcast. Full Article Audio advertising Analytics IAB podcast stats sponsors stats
po 8 Things You Should Check in Apple Podcasts Connect By theaudacitytopodcast.com Published On :: Wed, 20 Mar 2024 10:00:00 +0000 Apple provides a portal for you to submit and manage your own podcast called Podcasts Connect. I suggest you check these 8 things right away! The post 8 Things You Should Check in Apple Podcasts Connect first appeared on The Audacity to Podcast. Full Article Audio Apple Podcasts podcast reviews podcast stats Podcasts Connect ratings and reviews RSS feed transcripts
po Why You Should Put Podcasting P.R.O.F.I.T. First By theaudacitytopodcast.com Published On :: Wed, 27 Mar 2024 10:00:00 +0000 Monetization is not the only profit you can get from podcasting! Here's why I think you should put P.R.O.F.I.T. first in every aspect of your podcast. The post Why You Should Put Podcasting P.R.O.F.I.T. First first appeared on The Audacity to Podcast. Full Article Audio
po Should Your Podcast Have Inside Jokes? By theaudacitytopodcast.com Published On :: Wed, 03 Apr 2024 10:00:00 +0000 Inside jokes can offer fun potential for your podcast, but also some potential costs. Here are some brief things for you to consider as you engage with your podcast audience. The post Should Your Podcast Have Inside Jokes? first appeared on The Audacity to Podcast. Full Article Audio audience engagement fun inside jokes swag
po 11 Warnings about Using AI in Content-Creation (including podcasting) By theaudacitytopodcast.com Published On :: Wed, 17 Apr 2024 10:00:00 +0000 AI has rapidly advanced for content creation. But should you actually trust it? With this potential comes some crucial warnings for using AI in podcasting. The post 11 Warnings about Using AI in Content-Creation (including podcasting) first appeared on The Audacity to Podcast. Full Article Audio AI artificial intelligence ChatGPT content Magai production promotion
po 11 Tips for Sharing URLs in Your Podcast By theaudacitytopodcast.com Published On :: Wed, 24 Apr 2024 10:00:00 +0000 There comes a point in every podcast when it's necessary to say a URL. If for nothing else, at least your podcast's own home on the Internet. (And you should have a domain for your podcast!) The post 11 Tips for Sharing URLs in Your Podcast first appeared on The Audacity to Podcast. Full Article Audio chapters episode numbers sharing show notes shownotes URLs
po 6 Cautions When Using Redirects in Podcasting (plus best practices) By theaudacitytopodcast.com Published On :: Wed, 01 May 2024 10:00:00 +0000 Redirects come in multiple types. When misused, they can cause some major problems, as even happened to me recently. Here are some warnings to watch for whenever you use redirects. The post 6 Cautions When Using Redirects in Podcasting (plus best practices) first appeared on The Audacity to Podcast. Full Article Audio 301 redirects Pretty Link Pro redirects URLs
po New Research Uncovers the Impact of Political Attitudes on TV Viewing By www.streamingmedia.com Published On :: Thu, 31 Oct 2024 09:00:00 EST The results of a joint study between Hub Entertainment Research and the Advertising Research Foundation (ARF) fielded as part of Hub's annual "Decoding The Default" survey found significant differences between liberals and conservatives in which entertainment TV shows they find appealing. Mark Loughney, Senior Consultant at Hub, discusses some of these findings and what they might mean for the industry. Full Article
po Krafty Entertainment Acquires 17.5% Equity Stake in Sports First TV By www.streamingmedia.com Published On :: Wed, 06 Nov 2024 09:00:00 EST Krafty Entertainment has acquired a minority equity stake in Sports First TV, the world's first global sports news TV channel. Sports First TV, which launched in March on FAST platforms in North America, was founded by Frank Brown, the former CEO of Viacom International Media/MTV Networks, where he served for 11 years. The channel is based in Sydney, Australia. Full Article
po Warner Bros. Discovery Announces 7.2m New Max Subscriptions in Q3 Report By www.streamingmedia.com Published On :: Fri, 08 Nov 2024 03:40:00 EST Warner Bros Discovery (WBD) has reported financial results for Q3, with highlights including 7.2m new Max subscriptions. Full Article
po UK Frames Policy to Continue Universal TV Access By www.streamingmedia.com Published On :: Tue, 12 Nov 2024 09:00:00 EST Public service access to TV is to remain at the heart of UK government policy as a new report warns that over a million viewers are at risk of being excluded in the longterm transition to streaming. Full Article
po Louisiana woman charged after leaving her child on roadway, falsely reporting kidnapping: police By www.foxnews.com Published On :: Wed, 13 Nov 2024 04:25:05 -0500 Artasia Viges, 24, is facing multiple charges after police said she lied about her son being kidnapped after she left him unattended on a major roadway. Full Article 76c50aa7-f12a-5f1b-9a50-4536b869b88a fnc Fox News fox-news/us fox-news/us/us-regions/southeast/louisiana fox-news/us/crime fox-news/us article
po Federal Gov't Administrative Support Specialist (445 12th Street SW Washington, DC 20024-2101) By jobs.metafilter.com Published On :: Mon, 15 May 2023 19:36:01 GMT Want to work at one of the Federal Government's "Best Places to Work" and protect the retirement security of millions of workers and retirees? The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation's (PBGC) Office of Policy and External Affairs (OPEA) is looking for a DC-area Administrative Support Specialist. The GS-11 position will: Provide administrative support for PBGC' s Advisory Committee, comprised of Presidentially appointed members, including travel, budget, payroll, speaker presentation coordination (including audio/visual support) and meeting preparation. Manage Congressional Correspondence tracking system in a confidential capacity and handling sensitive Congressional correspondence. Work closely with leadership to coordinate a variety of essential services through various PBGC organizations, e.g., budget, procurement, human resources, information technology, etc. Perform research assignments, special projects, and a broad range of administrative functions, including matters of a sensitive nature, for leadership as necessary in executing the missions of the office. The candidate is required to be on-site at least one day per week and may be asked to be onsite to support in-office staff for special meetings and events as needed. Full Article
po Adult Services Librarian (Poquoson, Va (Hampton Roads)) By jobs.metafilter.com Published On :: Mon, 15 Apr 2024 14:12:31 GMT The Poquoson Public Library (PPL) seeks an enthusiastic and detail oriented full-time Adult Services Librarian with a strong public service philosophy and excellent communication skills to join its team. PPL is an award winning and vibrant one-branch library (<2>Full official posting and online application link2> Full Article
po Cinema Chat: 'Deadpool & Wolverine' opens nationwide, plus 'Widow Clicquot' opens at the Michigan Theater By www.wemu.org Published On :: Thu, 25 Jul 2024 08:38:37 -0400 An exciting weekend is coming to the movie world, including one of the most anticipated superhero matchups ever! WEMU's David Fair mets up with Marquee Arts cinema programming director, Nick Alderink, to give you a rundown of upcoming films and special screenings! Full Article
po Cinema Chat: 'The Wild Robot,' 'Lee,' 'Megalopolis' and more opening this weekend in Ann Arbor By www.wemu.org Published On :: Thu, 26 Sep 2024 09:17:43 -0400 We are officially in the fall season, and a whole bunch of movies are falling into your favorite theaters! WEMU's David Fair chats about the latest films and special screenings with Marquee Arts executive director, Russ Collins. Full Article
po Cinema Chat: 'Conclave' and 'Venom: The Last Dance' open this weekend, plus some spooky classic films in time for Halloween! By www.wemu.org Published On :: Thu, 24 Oct 2024 09:54:36 -0400 Marquee Arts executive director Russ Collins has returned from his vacation, and he's ready to chat about all things cinema! Russ joins WEMU's David Fair to discuss the newest films coming to the big screen and a whole lot of special Halloween screenings happening at the Michigan and State Theatres! Full Article
po Spies, bikes and smuggled ink: Fighting pollution and the Stasi By www.metafilter.com Published On :: Tue, 12 Nov 2024 14:27:25 GMT ...in the Shadow of the Berlin Wall. [BBC] "Named 'Operation Trap', the Stasi's attempted to crush a group fighting for a cleaner environment – and for the right to speak out. The secret police's tactics ranged from interrogations and jail to bizarre mind games. In one incident, informants who managed to infiltrate the environmental movement covertly took coffee from a shared pantry without putting money into the coffee kitty. That plan did not work out. On the contrary: Operation Trap became one of the very rare cases in history in which the Stasi was forced to back down." Full Article BerlinWall environment OperationTrap stasi
po Some people imbue meaning and sentimental importance to certain objects By www.metafilter.com Published On :: Wed, 13 Nov 2024 08:26:04 GMT He's an optimist at heart. You'd like him. I, of course, don't know who you are, dear reader, but I know you'd like my dad, Bob Gruber, because everyone likes Bob Gruber. He can tell a good joke and he loves to tell them. There's a quote attributed to Abraham Lincoln, that I was reminded of, just the other day, from of all things a garbage can: "I don't like that man. I must get to know him better." I don't share Lincoln's there's-something-to-like-about-everyone optimism about our fellow men, but my dad does. from How It Went by John Gruber [Daring Fireball] Full Article Band DaringFireball Dusty Elections Found Lost Ring Wedding
po Pomodoro-style apps that are more gamified By ask.metafilter.com Published On :: Mon, 11 Jan 2016 17:55:48 -0800 I've tried a bunch of pomodoro-style apps that I haven't done well with. I recently found one that's like Pomodoro except there's a growing plant, and if you mess with your phone you'll kill the plant. This works for me for whatever reason. I was wondering if anyone knew of other apps like that; especially ones with more real-world consequences. I guess my will isn't strong enough to not mess with my phone just because some timer is counting down. But the charming messages about the poor little plant and the cute drawings appeal to me apparently.I saw this app PocketPoints, which would be great except it only works at participating schools. I'm also not interested in those apps that quantify how often you check your phone. This is for iOS please.Thanks! Full Article ios productivity pomodoro pomodoro-style stumped
po How do you remove a Facebook post from an album? (part 2) By ask.metafilter.com Published On :: Mon, 23 Oct 2017 14:12:27 -0800 I asked a similar question a few months ago, but the "best answer" to that question no longer works because Facebook has changed the interface. I recently put a Facebook post (an article) into an album (using the relatively new feature that lets you do this with all kinds of links, not just photos/videos). But I changed my mind — I don't want it to be in any album. How do I remove it? I could use either a browser or the iPhone app.Note that Facebook's album interface seems to have changed about a month ago, so older Facebook how-to posts might not be relevant. I don't want to delete the post because it already has comments, etc. Full Article facebook album stumped
po Study proposal: The Effects of Mud Wrestling on the Female Urogenital Tract By ask.metafilter.com Published On :: Thu, 24 May 2007 14:02:10 -0800 How do women who mud wrestle or take regular mud baths (esp. naked, say at a spa) avoid getting mud in their, er, orifices—or do they avoid it? Would tampons be useful in preventing such an occurrence? Or is that even necessary?And if mud is allowed into the vagina or anus, does that lead to an increased incidence of infection (whether by yeast or bacteria)? How would one go about (or, ladies, how have you gone about) preventing such resultant infections? And do spas have problems with the transmission of such infections in their mud baths?I've found an abstract from a study in the Journal of the American Medical Association that found a greater incidence of pustular follicular dermatitis outbreaks among mud-wrestling college students (no joke) at the University of Washington in Seattle—but that doesn't speak to the question of vaginal, anal or urethral irritation stemming from prolonged mud exposure.(And yes, this is a serious question, I promise—the topic came up during a conversation I was party to a while back about, well, vaginal irritation/infections. Fun stuff, huh?) Full Article mudwrestling vaginal irritation infection skin mud bacteria yeast grit stumped peoplearejerks questionwasaskedingoodfaith
po Did I see someone using some sort of posture alarm while running? By ask.metafilter.com Published On :: Mon, 10 Oct 2022 09:06:42 -0800 This was my experience this morning: I'm cycling, and I see this guy running, opposite direction to me. He has a cap on, and on top of the cap was what (at first) I thought was a light. Then I thought maybe it was a camera. Then as he got closer I thought it was a donut, like maybe an orange cream filled or something. then as I got closer I heard very regular beeping that I'm pretty sure was coming from the not-donut. And then I couldn't tell what it was, apart from it was orange and about 2 inches tall, maybe cylindrical or donut-shaped. My best guess is that it was some sort of device to help him regulate head/posture, kind of like "teach kids to walk while balancing books on their head". Google is not helping. Can the hivemind suss this out? Full Article running posture device stumped
po Kemp Reopens Georgia World Congress Center As Temporary Hospital For COVID-19 Patients By www.gpbnews.org Published On :: Fri, 10 Jul 2020 19:42:34 +0000 With hospitals facing a surge of coronavirus patients, Gov. Brian Kemp on Friday said the Georgia World Congress Center would again be utilized as an alternate hospital as more people in the state become sick with COVID-19. Full Article