Disclosed are novel ruthenium compounds of formula (Ia) and (Ib): wherein R1 and the moiety are defined herein. Also disclosed is a process for using these novel ruthenium compounds as catalysts for asymmetric hydrogenation and transfer hydrogenation of ketones with high reactivities and excellent selectivities.

A process for producing a cyclic silane compound, in which a chained polysilane is subjected to pyrolysis in the presence of an oxide of a transition metal belonging to Group 8 or Group 11 of the periodic table; and a process for producing a cyclic carbosilane compound, that includes subjecting a chained polysilane to pyrolysis in the presence of a simple substance of a metal selected from the group consisting of transition metal elements and elements belonging to Groups 12 to 15 of the periodic table, or a compound thereof.

The invention provides a silane compound that includes a hydrophobic group and a silane ester group linked by a hydrophilic group for use as a surface treatment to an inorganic material, such as a pigment, the silane including a hydrophobic group and a silane ester group linked by a hydrophilic group. The invention includes a coated particle including an inorganic material coated with the silane compound(s) and methods of improving the wettability and/or dispersibility of an inorganic material such as a pigment, wherein the method comprises depositing the silane compounds on the surface of a pigment.

Compounds of the formula where R1 each individually is identical or different and is a hydrocarbon radical, R2 each individually is hydrogen or a methyl radical, n is an integer from 6 to 11, and m is 0 or 1, with the proviso that the sum of the number of carbon atoms in the three radicals R1 in the compound of the formula (I) is 6 to 24, can be admixed with curable polymer compositions to form products with hydrophilic surfaces, or can be applied to surfaces to render them hydrophilic.

The present invention relates to a process for recovery of homogeneous metal hydride catalyst from a reactor stream as catalyst suitable for recycle to a reactor comprising the steps of: removing a stream from a reactor, said stream comprising the homogeneous metal hydride catalyst; contacting the stream with a solid acidic absorbent under process conditions which allow at least some of the metal to become bound to the absorbent; subjecting the metal bound to the absorbent, under process conditions which allow desorption of the metal, to a fluid stripping medium comprising hydrogen and solvent; and recovering the active metal hydride catalyst.

Methods to make R13P═N—TiCl3 and (1-R2-Indenyl)Ti(N═PR13)Cl2, where R1 is independently selected from C1-30 hydrocarbyl radical which is unsubstituted or further substituted by one or more halogen atom, a C1-8 alkoxy radical, a C6-10 aryl radical, a C6-10 aryloxy radical, an amido radical, a silyl radical, and a germanyl radical; P is phosphorus; N is nitrogen (and bonds to the metal M); R2 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or an unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl group, wherein substituents for the alkyl, aryl or benzyl group are selected from alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylaryl, arylalkyl and halide substituents. The method to make R13P═N—TiCl3 combines a titanium species TiCl3(OR) where R is an alkyl or aromatic group, with a trimethylsilyl phosphinimide compound R13P═N—SiMe3 in the presence of solvent, to give the titanium complex R13P═N—TiCl3. The method to make (1-R2-Indenyl)Ti(N═PR13)Cl2 consists of deprotonating 1-R2-indene with an appropriate base, followed by reaction with R13P═N—TiCl3.

Substrates, surfaces, assemblies, kits, compositions, and methods are provided for forming touch screens and other appliance surfaces exhibiting good hydrophobicity, oleophobicity, and abrasion resistance. Methods are provided for increasing a population density of hydroxyl groups on a touch surface of a touch screen substrate without affecting the compressive strength of the back surface. The treated touch surface of the substrate can then be coated with a coating that includes an organo-metallic and/or silane, for example, a fluorosilane such as a perfluoropolyether alkoxysilane. A substrate can retain its compressive resistance to breakage by impact applied to the touch surface while minimizing any decrease in compressive strength against impact against the touch surface. Examples of such substrates include touch screens for mobile and desktop electronic devices, components of 3D display devices, and components for electrowetting display devices.

The invention relates to a method for producing mono-aminofunctionalized dialkylphosphinic acids and esters and salts thereof by means of acrylnitriles, characterized in that a) a phosphinic acid source (I) is reacted with olefins (IV) to yield an alkylphosphonic acid, salt or ester (II) thereof in the presence of a catalyst A, b) the thus obtained alkylphosphonic acid, salt or ester (II) thereof is reacted with an acrylnitrile of formula (V) to yield a mono-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid derivative (VI) in the presence of a catalyst B, and c) the thus obtained mono-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid derivative (VI) is reacted to yield a mono-aminofunctionalized dialkylphosphinic acid derivative (III) in the presence of a catalyst C or a reduction agent, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 are the same or different and stand independently of each other, among other things, for H, C1-C18 alkyl, C6-C18 aryl, C6-C18 aralkyl, C6-C18 alkylaryl and X stands for H, C1-C18 alkyl, C6-C18 aryl, C6-C18 aralkyl, C6-C18 alkylaryl, Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Fe, Zr, Zn, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Cu, Ni, Li, Na, K and/or a protonized nitrogen base, and Y stands for a mineral acid, a carboxylic acid, a Lewis acid or an organic acid, n=an integer or fractional number of 0 to 4 and the catalysts A and C are formed by transition metals, transition metal compounds and/or catalyst systems composed of a transition metal and/or a transition metal compound and at least one ligand, and catalyst B is formed by compounds forming peroxides, peroxo compounds, azo compounds, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, alkali hydrides, alkaline earth hydrides and/or alkali alcoholates and alkaline earth alcoholates.

A method of preparing organohalosilanes comprising combining an organohalide having the formula RX (I), wherein R is a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and X is fluoro, chloro, bromo, or iodo, with a contact mass comprising at least 2% (w/w) of a palladium suicide of the formula PdxSiy (II), wherein x is an integer from 1 to 5 and y is 1 to 8, or a platinum suicide of formula PtzSi (III), wherein z is 1 or 2, in a reactor at a temperature from 250 to 700° C. to form an organohalosilane.

The present invention relates to photochromic materials that include one or more indeno-fused naphthopyrans that have particular groups at the 7, 11, and 13 positions thereof, and at the position alpha to the oxygen of the pyran ring thereof. With some embodiments, hydrogen or an alkoxy group is bonded to the 7 position, an optionally substituted phenyl is bonded to the 11 position, two alkyl groups are bonded to the 13 position, and two optionally substituted phenyl groups are bonded to the position alpha to the oxygen of the pyran ring of the indeno-fused naphthopyran compound. The 13 position of the indeno-fused naphthopyrans is free of ether groups in which an ether oxygen is bonded to the 13 position, and hydroxyl. The present invention also relates to photochromic articles and compositions that include such indeno-fused naphthopyrans.

The present invention relates to a novel compound of Formula 1, a method for manufacturing the same, and an organic electronic device using the same, and the novel compound according to the present invention may act as a hole injection, hole transport, electron injection and transport, or light emitting material in an organic light emitting device and an organic electronic device, and the device according to the present invention shows excellent properties in terms of efficiency, a driving voltage, and stability.

This invention provides thiophene compounds of formula I: wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, n, p, and m are as described in the specification. The compounds are inhibitors of PI3K and are thus useful for treating proliferative, inflammatory, or cardiovascular disorders.

Method for preparing diamino-dianhydro-dideoxyhexitols, particularly 2,5-diamino-1,4:3,6-dianhydro-2,5-dideoxy-D-hexitol. The invention related to a method for preparing diamino-dianhydro-dideoxyhexitols, particularly preferably 2,5-diamino-1,4:3,6-dianhydro-2,5-dideoxy-D-hexitol.

A substituted phenoxyethyl(isopropyl)acyloxyalkyl phosphonate having phosphorusheterocyclic ring and having herbicidal activity, with a general formula of I, wherein R represents 5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinan-2-one-2-yl, or 1-oxo-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2,2,2]octan-4-yl, or 1-sulfo-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo 2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2,2,2]octan-4-yl; R1 represents H, C1-C4 alkyl, phenyl, furyl, pyridyl, or phenyl substituted with methyl, methoxyl, nitro or chloro; R2 represents H, methyl, and methyl only if R in the general formula I is 1-sulfo-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2,2,2]octan-4-yl as phosphorusheterocyclic ring; X and Y represent H, halogen, C1-C4 alkyl or trifluoromethyl, and X and Y are the same or different. The compounds according to the present invention may be used as active component of dicotyledonous broadleaf weed herbicides.

Compounds and methods related to the activation of the TrkB receptor are provided. The methods include administering a 7,8-dihydroxyflavone derivative with modified flavone or heterocyclic ring to a subject in need thereof. Methods and compounds for the treatment of disorders including neurologic disorders, neuropsychiatric disorders, and metabolic disorders (e.g., obesity) are provided.

Provided are a novel 1,2-bis(dialkylphosphino)-4,5-(methylenedioxy)benzene derivative that forms a metal complex having particularly high asymmetry induction capacity and catalytic activity on β-dehydroamino acids, a method for manufacturing the same, a metal complex having this 1,2-bis(dialkylphosphino)-4,5-(methylenedioxy)benzene derivative as a ligand, and an asymmetric hydrogenation method using this metal complex. A 1,2-bis(dialkylphosphino)-4,5-(methylenedioxy)benzene derivative represented by general formula (1). (In the formula, R1 and R2 represent an alkyl group having 1-10 carbon atoms, and R1 and R2 have different numbers of carbon atoms.)

A method of manufacturing a compound or a salt thereof expressed with a formula (III) below, characterized by causing a compound or a salt thereof expressed with a formula (I) below and a compound or a salt thereof expressed with a formula (II) below to react in the presence of carbonate and copper salt or in the presence of hydroxide salt, carbonate, and copper salt.

Provided is a compound which has strong and sustaining intraocular pressure lowering action and, further, has no fear of side effect on eyes. Since a compound represented by the formula (I): wherein definition of each group is as described in the specification, or a salt thereof, a solvate thereof, or a prodrug thereof has strong and sustaining intraocular pressure lowering action and, further, has no side effect on eyes such as ocular stimulating property (hyperemia, corneal clouding etc.), aqueous humor protein rise etc., it has high safety, and can be an excellent agent for preventing and/or treating glaucoma etc.

A process for the preparation of 1,3:2,4-bis(4-methylbenzylidene)sorbitol (MDBS) and 1,3:2,4-bis(3,4-dimethylbenzylidene)sorbitol (DMDBS) via a dehydrocondensation reaction is disclosed. The reaction is carried out between an aldehyde and an alditol in a mole ratio of 2:1 wherein ionic fluid is used as the acidic catalyst and/or reaction medium. The ionic fluid used in accordance with the present invention is quaternary ammonium salt based ionic liquid.

The present invention is directed to 5-sec-butyl-2-(2,4-dimethyl-cyclohex-3-enyl)-5-methyl-[1,3]dioxane and a novel process for making the same.

The present invention relates to a novel method for preparing methylene-1,3-dioxolanes of the general formula (I) in which R1 and R2 have the meanings stated in the description. Methylene-1,3-dioxolanes are important intermediates for preparing pyrazoles and anthranilic acid amides, which may be used as insecticides.

A method is provided for the preparation of anhydrosugar alcohols. The method involves dehydration of a hexitol with a mixed acid of a first acid and second acid, in which the first acid is sulfuric acid and the second acid is at least one sulfur-containing acid or sulfur-containing acid salt selected from the group consisting of p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid and aluminum sulfate. Also provided are methods for purification of the resulting product.

The present invention relates to a method of making low colored bis(2-ethylhexyl) furan-2,5-dicarboxylate (BEHFD) plasticizer via mild hydrogenation of highly colored BEHFD.

Disclosed is a process to produce a dry purified carboxylic acid product comprising furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (FDCA). The process comprises oxidizing at least one oxidizable compound selected from the following group: 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (5-HMF), 5-HMF esters (5-R(CO)OCH2-furfural were R alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl), 5-HMF ethers (5-R'OCH2-furfural, where R'=alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl), 5-alkyl furfurals (5-R″-furfural, where R″=alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl), mixed feed-stocks of 5-HMF and 5-HMF esters and mixed feed-stocks of 5-HMF and 5-HMF ethers and mixed feed-stocks of 5-HMF and 5-alkyl furfurals to generate a crude carboxylic acid slurry comprising FDCA.

A process for the manufacture of dialkyl furan-2,5-dicarboxylate (DAFD) vapor composition by feeding furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (“FDCA”) to an esterification reactor and in the presence of an alcohol compound such as methanol, conducting an esterification reaction to form an esterification vapor containing DAFD, unreacted alcohol compound, 5-(alkoxycarbonyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid (ACFC), and water, and continuously passing the esterification vapor through an ACFC condensing zone, that can be integral with the esterification reactor, in which at least a portion of the ACFC in the esterification vapor is converted to a liquid phase condensate, and continuously discharging the esterification vapor from the ACFC condensing zone as a DAFD vapor. There is also a DAFD vapor composition containing DAFD, water, unreacted alcohol, and by-products.

The present invention relates to new salts of 6-(propyl-(2-thiophen-2-ylethyl)amino)tetralin-1-ol(rotigotine), their use as a medicament, for example for the treatment of CNS disorders like Parkinson Disease, RLS, fibromyalgia and/or depression, in particular through electromotive administration. The present invention relates to pharmaceutical formulations suitable for iontophoresis that provide enhanced iontophoretic delivery of rotigotine to at least one target tissue. The formulations are further characterized by good to excellent solubility of the salts in aqueous solutions.

A polymer composition for solar cell and flexible electronics devices, where the polymer is a p-type conducting polymer. The p-type polymer comprises a benzothiadiazole acceptor and indeno-fluorene donor. Further, a solar cell and flexible electronic device article may be made from the polymer.

The invention relates to a process for preparing 1-aryl-pyrazol-3-one intermediates, tautomers, and salts thereof, to novel intermediates, and to the use of the intermediates in the preparation of sigma receptor inhibitors.

A catalyst for an organic reaction and a method of using a catalyst in an organic reaction are provided. The catalyst for an addition or condensation reaction includes a graphene oxide including an oxygen functional group, and the catalyst is configured to promote the addition or condensation reaction by bonding the oxygen functional group with an alkali metal ion or alkali earth metal ion during the addition or condensation reaction.

Lactic acid equivalents are recovered from a starting lactide stream by catalytically racemizing a portion of the lactide in the stream at a temperature of 180° C. or below. This increases the proportion of two species of lactide (i.e., at least two of S,S-, R,R- or meso-lactide) at the expense of the third species. The racemized mixture so obtained can be separated to recover some or all of one or more of the lactide species from the remaining lactide species, by a process such as melt crystallization or distillation. Impurities in the starting lactide stream usually are retained mostly in the remaining meso-lactide, so a highly purified S,S- and/or R,R-lactide stream can be produced in this manner. Such a purified S,S- and R,R-lactide stream is suitable for polymerization to form a polylactide.

The present invention provides a method for manufacturing artemisinin and its congeners from cyclohexenone as a starting material.

The invention relates to novel nitrile compounds according to formula I and II: (I) Formula I wherein: X=—CH3 or —C≡N, (II) Formula II wherein: X=—CH3 or —C≡N, each Y is independently chosen from —OH or RC(0)0-, each R is independently chosen from a C1-21 alkyl group. The invention also relates to processes for the preparation of nitrile compounds according to formula I and II and to uses of the nitrile compounds.

Provided are a method of preparing a chlorohydrin composition and a method of preparing epichlorohydrin by using a chlorohydrin composition prepared by using the method. The method of preparing chlorohydrins in which polyhydroxy aliphatic hydrocarbon is reacted with a chlorination agent in the presence of a catalyst includes performing at least one combination of a series of unit operations comprising a first reaction step, a water removal step, and a second reaction step in this stated order, wherein the method further includes mixing a chlorohydrin concentrate obtained by purifying the reaction mixture discharged from the final reaction step from among the reaction steps and a water-rich layer discharged from the water-removal step and diluting the mixture with water. The method of preparing epichlorohydrin includes contacting the chlorohydrin composition prepared by using the method of preparing a chlorohydrin composition with an alkaline agent.

Crystalline molecular complexes of tadalafil are disclosed. The crystalline molecular complexes include those of tadalafil and oxalic acid, tadalafil and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, tadalafil and 3-phenylpropanoic acid, tadalafil and malonic acid, tadalafil and methylparaben, and tadalafil and propylparaben. Pharmaceutical compositions containing the crystalline molecular complexes are also disclosed.

A polymer, optionally made from renewable sources, comprising a specific chemical structure that is a result of the polymerization of α-hydroxycarbonyl compounds (alpha-hydroxycarbonyl compounds), particularly α-hydroxyaldehydes (alpha-hydroxyaldehydes) and α-hydroxyketones (alpha-hydroxyketones), or glycolaldehyde. A method of polymerization, the method comprising the step of reacting trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate with the cyclic dimer of one or more α-hydroxycarbonyl compounds. A method of making said polymer, the method comprising dehydrating a cyclic dimer of one or more α-hydroxycarbonyl compounds. An end-capped polymer made from one or more α-hydroxycarbonyl compounds and terminal end-cap groups.

The present invention relates to the preparation of cyclopropane derivatives, in particular 2-amino-9-[[(1S,2R)-1,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl]methyl]-4,8-dihydro-1H-purin-6-one, especially via the [(1S,7R)-4-phenyl-3,5-dioxabicyclo[5.1.0]octan-1-yl]methanol intermediate.

The present invention provides a diaryl sulfone compound represented by Formula (1) below: wherein R1 to R4 and R1' to R4' are the same or different; each represents hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl, or halogen; and R5 is (thio)glycidyl, acryloyl, or the like; and a method for producing the same. According to the present invention, a novel compound useful as a monomer for producing synthetic resin having a high refractive index and excellent transparency for optical materials can be efficiently produced with a simple production process, using an inexpensive material as a starting material.

An improved process for the N-alkylation of tertiary morphinan alkaloid bases to form the corresponding quaternary morphinan alkaloid derivatives.

Disclosed in the present invention is a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor of benzamides and use thereof. The inhibitor has good efficacy in treating diseases caused by abnormal gene expression, such as tumors, endocrine disorders, immune system diseases, genetic diseases and nerve system diseases. The histone deacetylase inhibitor of benzamides is a compound of the following general chemical structural formula (I) or a salt thereof.

A process for the production of 1,4-butanediol and tetrahydrofuran by catalytic hydrogenation of dialkyl maleates includes the following steps: a) hydrogenating a stream of dialkyl maleate in a first stage of reaction over suitable catalysts to produce dialkyl succinate;b) further hydrogenating the dialkyl succinate in a second stage of reaction, by using a different suitable catalyst, for producing mainly 1,4-butanediol, together with gamma-butyrolactone and tetrahydrofuran as co-products. In both stages of reaction the conditions, as hydrogen/organic feed ratio, pressure and temperature, are such to maintain the reactors in mixed liquid/vapor phase.

Provided is a method of producing an organic transistor, including collectively forming a gate insulating film and an organic semiconductor film by applying, onto a gate electrode, a solution including a polymer and at least one of compounds represented by General Formulas 1 to 4 and 5 to 7, a compound having a structure represented by General Formula 4, a compound having a structure represented by General Formula 5 or 6, and forming a source electrode and a drain electrode on the organic semiconductor film. (where R is a linear or branched alkyl group) (where R is an alkyl group) (where R is an alkyl group) (where A1 and A2 are represented by Formula 8) (where R is an alkyl group or another substituent).

The present invention is directed to a novel process for the preparation of compounds having inhibitory activity against sodium-dependent glucose transporter (SGLT) being present in the intestine or kidney.

Bromoacetoxycalcidiol (B3CD), which is structurally related to calcidiol, exhibits cytotoxic and apoptotic activity toward cancer cells, including highly aggressive neuroblastoma cells. A series of small molecules designed around the structure of B3CD is expected to have growth inhibitory and apoptogenic activities toward a wide range of malignancies. B3CD shows no apparent toxicity in vivo, indicating potential value as a chemotherapeutic agent which will be particularly useful in treating highly aggressive tumors.

Steroid compounds having increased resistance against metabolism and increased water solubility are disclosed, together with methods for their production. These substances are suitable for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals for the treatment of steroid related or steroid induced CNS disorders and for use in methods of prevention, alleviation or treatment of such disorders.

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of 17α-(3-hydroxypropyl)-17β-hydroxysteroids of the formula I starting from 17-ketosteroids of the formula III via the intermediates of the formula V wherein the radicals R3, R5, R6, R7, R10, R13, R15, R16, R40, R41 and R42 have the meaning indicated in the description.

The invention provides a method for synthesizing 7-Acetyleno quinone methide compounds that is safe and inexpensive. The method avoids the need for extremely cold reaction temperatures and unlike the prior art does not require any highly explosive materials. The method comprises the steps of: a) performing a condensation reaction between 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and a secondary amine thereby forming a secondary amine quinone methide intermediate;b) removing water from the secondary amine quinone methide intermediate by azeotropic distillation;c) adding the dehydrated secondary amine quinone methide intermediate to an organic medium containing a metal acetylide to form a Mannich base intermediate; andd) adding a release agent to the Mannich base intermediate to yield a 7-Acetyleno quinone methide.

Disclosed are methods of purifying (20R) and (20S) analogs of 2-methylene-19-nor-22-dimethyl-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to obtain the (20R) and (20S) analogs in crystalline form. The method includes the steps of preparing a solvent of either diethyl ether or a mixture of 2-propanol and hexane, dissolving a product containing the (20R) and (20S) analog to be purified in the solvent, cooling the solvent and dissolved product below ambient temperature for a sufficient amount of time to form a precipitate of crystals, and recovering the crystals.

Compounds having drug and bio-affecting properties, their pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use are set forth. In particular, C-17 bicyclic amines of triterpenoids that possess unique antiviral activity are provided as HIV maturation inhibitors, as represented by compounds of Formulas I, II and III: These compounds are useful for the treatment of HIV and AIDS.

Use of 9,10-anthraquinone compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutical salts thereof or plant extracts containing said compounds in the preparation of anti-HCV medicaments is disclosed, in which Y1 are Y2 are independently hydrogen, hydroxyl or groups of formula (II); and R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are independently hydrogen, hydroxyl, carboxyl, cyano group, nitro group, groups of formula (III) or groups selected from those substituted or unsubstituted groups: amino, C1-C6 aliphatic hydrocarbon, C3-C7 cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon, C1-C6 alkoxy, C2-C7 carbalkoxy, C1-C4 acyloxy, C6-C20 aryl, or 5 to 7 members heterocyclic or benzoheterocyclic thereof; or R5 and R6 form the group of formula (IV). The compounds of present invention are cheap, safe and effective because that they mostly come from traditional Chinese medicines and have better anti-HCV effects and lighter side effects.

A way to formulate prasterone to both increase its oral bioavailability, and decrease the variability of its oral bioavailability. In contrast to the approach taught by the prior art, the instant approach is amenable to scale-up to commercial scale. Further, the resulting product is amenable to analysis using standard, known quantitative analytical techniques; thus, unlike the prior art approach, the instant approach may be used to manufacture a product in conformity with applicable regulatory standards.