Competition authorities widely rely on leniency policies to detect, investigate and prosecute hard-core cartels. Jurisdictions that operate leniency programmes recognize the benefits of rewarding not only the first-in applicant who denounces the cartel but also subsequent applicants who provide useful corroboration or new evidence. This publication reviews the findings from a roundtable discussion held in October 2012.

This publication assesses the impact of previous competition law and policy reviews in nine Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, Panama and Peru. This report was discussed during the 2012 annual meeting of the OECD-IDB Latin American Competition Forum held in the Dominican Republic.

Drawing on data presented in the 2017 OECD Business and Finance Outlook, this article looks at some of the forces influencing recent economic developments and asks what can be done to ensure a “fairer” global economy.

The 2018 OECD-IDB Latin American Competition Forum takes place in Buenos Aires, Argentina, on 18-19 September 2018. Discussions will focus on the informal economy in the region, industrial policy and the promotion of domestic industry and competition law and policy in Peru.

High unemployment rates, in the wake of the financial and economic crisis, have governments scrambling to create jobs. A new OECD report suggests that well-targeted tax reforms can encourage employers to hire more people and the jobless to look for employment.

“Governments have signed more than 700 agreements to exchange tax information. These agreements have already yielded €14 billion in additional revenues, to 20 countries, from more than 100 000 tax payers who had hidden assets offshore.”

Increased domestic resource mobilization is widely accepted as crucial for countries to successfully meet the challenges of development and achieve higher living standards for all their people.

Costa Rica has signed the Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters, a multilateral agreement developed jointly by the Council of Europe and the OECD that was opened for signature to all countries in June 2011.

Today Argentina has deposited its instrument of ratification making Argentina the first country from South America to become a Party to the Multilateral Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters and allowing it to benefit from cross border tax co-operation and information sharing.

In a boost for international efforts to strengthen co-operation against offshore tax evasion, seven new countries have joined the agreement to exchange information automatically under the OECD/G20 standard.

Taxes are potentially among the most effective ways of cutting pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, but they are currently – with very few exceptions – underused; and even where used, they are frequently designed in a sub-optimal way.

On 22-23 February 2016, a regional network meeting on the implementation of the BEPS package was held in Dakar (Senegal), by the OECD in partnership with the CREDAF (Centre de Rencontres et d'Etudes des Dirigeants des Administrations Fiscales).

Tax revenues in African countries are rising as a proportion of national incomes, according to the inaugural edition of Revenue Statistics in Africa. In 2014, the eight countries covered by the report - Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Mauritius, Morocco, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa and Tunisia - reported tax revenues as a percentage of GDP ranging from 16.1% to 31.3%.

Mrs Rosa Hernández de Grullón, Ambassador of the Dominican Republic to France and Mr John Petersen, Advisor to the Minister of Finance of Nauru, signed the Multilateral Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters in the presence of Deputy Secretary General Rintaro Tamaki, therewith becoming the 97th and 98th jurisdictions to join the Convention.

Current carbon prices are falling short of the levels needed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions driving climate change, but even moderate price increases could have a significant impact, according to new OECD research.

Significant progress has been made by an international programme designed to enhance developing countries’ ability to bolster domestic revenue collection through strengthening of tax audit capacities.

This report uses household level data covering 20 OECD countries to analyse energy affordability at current energy prices and explores how these indicators change in response to a simulated energy tax reform. The report finds that higher energy prices, needed to cut harmful carbon emissions and air pollution, can also help achieve social policy objectives.

Today, in the margins of the 10th Global Forum meeting on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes held in Yaoundé, Cameroon Finance Minister Alamine Ousmane Mey, led a discussion with Ministers, high level representatives and officials from Africa on tax fraud and avoidance.

An innovative international co-operation initiative that deploys qualified experts in developing countries to strengthen their ability to effectively tax multinational enterprises has achieved significant milestones over the past year, according to a new annual report.

Africa has sustained gains in domestic resource mobilisation made since 2000, as tax revenues remained stable in 2016, according to Revenue Statistics in Africa 2018. Providing internationally comparable data for 21 participating countries, the report finds that the average tax-to-GDP ratio was 18.2% in 2016, the same level as in 2015, which represents a strong improvement from 13.1% in 2000.

This week, in the margins of the 11th Global Forum meeting held in Punta del Este, Uruguay Minister of Economy and Finance Danilo Astori led a discussion with Ministers, high level representatives and officials from Latin America on the use of information exchange to combat tax fraud and corruption.

As part of continuing efforts to improve tax transparency, the Inclusive Framework on BEPS has now assessed 92 individual jurisdictions' progress in spontaneously exchanging information on tax rulings, in accordance with Action 5 of the OECD/G20 BEPS package.

Over 50 delegates from 13 African countries, as well as international and regional organisations, technical co-operation agencies, Senegalese business, civil society and academia gathered in Saly, Senegal, on 15-17 October 2019 for the Third Regional Meeting on BEPS for Francophone Countries.

New economic analysis shows that a proposed solution to the tax challenges arising from the digitalisation of the economy under negotiation at the OECD would have a significant positive impact on global tax revenues.

The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes visited the Headquarter of the African Development Bank (AfDB) on 3-4 February 2020 to discuss the tax transparency agenda in Africa.

Exports (Bop) - Motor Vehicle Engines And Motor Vehicle Parts in Canada decreased to 1346.60 CAD Million in March from 1897.40 CAD Million in February of 2020. Exports (Bop) - Motor Vehicle Engines And Motor Ve in Canada averaged 1566.72 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 2450.40 CAD Million in June of 2000 and a record low of 651.40 CAD Million in March of 1991. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Exports of (bop) - Motor Vehicle Engines And Moto.

Exports of (bop) - Miscellaneous Goods and Suppli in Canada increased to 562.80 CAD Million in March from 487.60 CAD Million in February of 2020. Exports of (bop) - Miscellaneous Goods and Suppli in Canada averaged 435.99 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1351.10 CAD Million in July of 2015 and a record low of 112.20 CAD Million in June of 1991. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Exports of (bop) - Miscellaneous Goods And Suppli.

Exports of (bop) - Copper Ores and Concentrates in Canada decreased to 289.50 CAD Million in March from 319.10 CAD Million in February of 2020. Exports of (bop) - Copper Ores and Concentrates in Canada averaged 135.80 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 481.70 CAD Million in November of 2015 and a record low of 5.60 CAD Million in October of 1999. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Exports of (bop) - Copper Ores And Concentrates.

Exports of (bop) - Crude Oil and Crude Bitumen in Canada decreased to 6305.10 CAD Million in March from 6551.20 CAD Million in February of 2020. Exports of (bop) - Crude Oil and Crude Bitumen in Canada averaged 2866.61 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 8640.80 CAD Million in May of 2014 and a record low of 277.10 CAD Million in November of 1988. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Exports of (bop) - Crude Oil And Crude Bitumen.

Exports of (bop) - Dairy Products in Canada increased to 50.70 CAD Million in March from 43.10 CAD Million in February of 2020. Exports of (bop) - Dairy Products in Canada averaged 24.84 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 56.20 CAD Million in January of 2003 and a record low of 3.10 CAD Million in April of 1988. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Exports of (bop) - Dairy Products.

Exports of (bop) - Dyes and Pigments, Petrochemic in Canada decreased to 263.60 CAD Million in March from 266.30 CAD Million in February of 2020. Exports of (bop) - Dyes and Pigments, Petrochemic in Canada averaged 211.17 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 455.80 CAD Million in July of 2008 and a record low of 46 CAD Million in June of 1992. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Exports of (bop) - Dyes And Pigments, Petrochemic.

Exports of (bop) - Electrical Components in Canada increased to 484.70 CAD Million in March from 483 CAD Million in February of 2020. Exports of (bop) - Electrical Components in Canada averaged 314.42 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 720 CAD Million in February of 2014 and a record low of 68.10 CAD Million in January of 1988. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Exports of (bop) - Electrical Components.

Exports of (bop) - Electricity in Canada increased to 177 CAD Million in March from 167.80 CAD Million in February of 2020. Exports of (bop) - Electricity in Canada averaged 175.29 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 691.10 CAD Million in February of 2001 and a record low of 26 CAD Million in February of 1991. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Exports of (bop) - Electricity.

Exports (Bop) - Electronic And Electrical Equipment And Parts in Canada decreased to 2272.70 CAD Million in March from 2368.50 CAD Million in February of 2020. Exports (Bop) - Electronic And Electrical Equipmen in Canada averaged 2092.25 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 4326.50 CAD Million in October of 2000 and a record low of 576.50 CAD Million in April of 1988. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Exports of (bop) - Electronic And Electrical Equi.

Exports of (bop) - Electronic and Electrical Parts in Canada decreased to 602.60 CAD Million in March from 603 CAD Million in February of 2020. Exports of (bop) - Electronic and Electrical Parts in Canada averaged 709.30 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1683.80 CAD Million in December of 2000 and a record low of 218.20 CAD Million in April of 1988. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Exports of (bop) - Electronic And Electrical Parts.

Exports of (bop) - Energy Products in Canada decreased to 8191.40 CAD Million in March from 8547.60 CAD Million in February of 2020. Exports of (bop) - Energy Products in Canada averaged 5138.49 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 12104 CAD Million in July of 2008 and a record low of 886 CAD Million in September of 1988. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Exports of (bop) - Energy Products.

Exports (Bop) - Fabric, Fibre And Yarn, Leather And Dressed Furs in Canada decreased to 96.20 CAD Million in March from 97.30 CAD Million in February of 2020. Exports (Bop) - Fabric, Fibre And Yarn, Leather An in Canada averaged 114.30 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 203.80 CAD Million in July of 2001 and a record low of 28.20 CAD Million in July of 1989. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Exports of (bop) - Fabric, Fibre And Yarn, Leathe.

Exports of (bop) - Fabricated Metal Products in Canada decreased to 379.90 CAD Million in March from 424.30 CAD Million in February of 2020. Exports of (bop) - Fabricated Metal Products in Canada averaged 303.61 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 463.60 CAD Million in April of 2015 and a record low of 107 CAD Million in February of 1991. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Exports of (bop) - Fabricated Metal Products.

Exports of (bop) - Farm and Fishing Products in Canada increased to 3048 CAD Million in March from 2697.80 CAD Million in February of 2020. Exports of (bop) - Farm and Fishing Products in Canada averaged 1280.34 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 3121.20 CAD Million in June of 2019 and a record low of 386.30 CAD Million in February of 1988. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Exports of (bop) - Farm And Fishing Products.

Exports (Bop) - Farm, Fishing And Intermediate Food Products in Canada increased to 3582.20 CAD Million in March from 3156.80 CAD Million in February of 2020. Exports (Bop) - Farm, Fishing And Intermediate Foo in Canada averaged 1529.37 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 3597.90 CAD Million in June of 2019 and a record low of 441.70 CAD Million in February of 1988. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Exports of (bop) - Farm, Fishing And Intermediate.

Exports (Bop) - Food And Tobacco Intermediate Products in Canada increased to 534.20 CAD Million in March from 459 CAD Million in February of 2020. Exports (Bop) - Food And Tobacco Intermediate Prod in Canada averaged 249.03 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 617.40 CAD Million in February of 2016 and a record low of 37 CAD Million in December of 1989. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Exports of (bop) - Food And Tobacco Intermediate.

Exports (Bop) - Food, Beverage And Tobacco Products in Canada increased to 2685.50 CAD Million in March from 2594.50 CAD Million in February of 2020. Exports (Bop) - Food, Beverage And Tobacco Product in Canada averaged 1423.40 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 2808.70 CAD Million in December of 2016 and a record low of 425.60 CAD Million in March of 1989. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Exports of (bop) - Food, Beverage And Tobacco Pro.

Exports (Bop) - Forestry Products&Building&Packaging Materials in Canada increased to 3479 CAD Million in March from 3391.40 CAD Million in February of 2020. Exports (Bop) - Forestry Products&Building&Packagi in Canada averaged 3120.28 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 4531.80 CAD Million in May of 2004 and a record low of 1596 CAD Million in October of 1991. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Exports of (bop) - Forestry Products&building&pac.

Exports (Bop) - Fresh, Frozen&Canned Fruit, Frozen Fruit in Canada increased to 12.80 CAD Million in March from 11.40 CAD Million in February of 2020. Exports (Bop) - Fresh, Frozen&Canned Fruit, Frozen in Canada averaged 19.48 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 56.30 CAD Million in September of 2015 and a record low of 3.20 CAD Million in October of 1989. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Exports of (bop) - Fresh, Frozen&canned Fruit, Fr.

Exports of (bop) - Fruits, Nuts and Vegetables in Canada increased to 594.20 CAD Million in March from 553 CAD Million in February of 2020. Exports of (bop) - Fruits, Nuts and Vegetables in Canada averaged 129.54 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 657.70 CAD Million in March of 2017 and a record low of 11.20 CAD Million in May of 1988. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Exports of (bop) - Fruits, Nuts And Vegetables.

Exports of (bop) - Furniture and Fixtures in Canada decreased to 518.20 CAD Million in March from 612.30 CAD Million in February of 2020. Exports of (bop) - Furniture and Fixtures in Canada averaged 393.04 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 692.20 CAD Million in April of 2017 and a record low of 87.60 CAD Million in January of 1992. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Exports of (bop) - Furniture And Fixtures.

Exports (Bop) - Heating, Cooling And Air Purification Equipment in Canada increased to 229.60 CAD Million in March from 227.80 CAD Million in February of 2020. Exports (Bop) - Heating, Cooling And Air Purificat in Canada averaged 101.69 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 229.60 CAD Million in March of 2020 and a record low of 16.10 CAD Million in April of 1989. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Exports of (bop) - Heating, Cooling And Air Purif.

Exports (Bop) - Industrial Machinery, Equipment And Parts in Canada decreased to 3216.10 CAD Million in March from 3433.70 CAD Million in February of 2020. Exports (Bop) - Industrial Machinery, Equipment An in Canada averaged 1857.42 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 3544.10 CAD Million in August of 2019 and a record low of 469 CAD Million in January of 1988. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Exports of (bop) - Industrial Machinery, Equipmen.

Exports of (bop) - Intermediate Metal Products in Canada increased to 4249.60 CAD Million in March from 4223.10 CAD Million in February of 2020. Exports of (bop) - Intermediate Metal Products in Canada averaged 2539.84 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 5201.60 CAD Million in November of 2019 and a record low of 978.60 CAD Million in January of 1988. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Exports of (bop) - Intermediate Metal Products.

Exports of (bop) - Iron Ores and Concentrates in Canada decreased to 468.90 CAD Million in March from 554.50 CAD Million in February of 2020. Exports of (bop) - Iron Ores and Concentrates in Canada averaged 190.82 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 709.40 CAD Million in August of 2019 and a record low of 37.20 CAD Million in September of 2004. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Exports of (bop) - Iron Ores And Concentrates.