Interview with Bradley C. Johnston, PhD, author of Comparison of Weight Loss Among Named Diet Programs in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Meta-analysis

Interview with Andrea S. Gershon, MD, MSc, author of Combination Long-Acting β-Agonists and Inhaled Corticosteroids Compared With Long-Acting β-Agonists Alone in Older Adults With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Interview with Miriam Kuppermann, PhD, MPH, author of Effect of Enhanced Information, Values Clarification, and Removal of Financial Barriers on Use of Prenatal Genetic Testing

Interview with Jonathan A. Patz, MD, MPH, author of Climate Change: Challenges and Opportunities for Global Health

Interview with Joseph B. Muhlestein, MD, author of Effect of Screening for Coronary Artery Disease Using CT Angiography on Mortality and Cardiac Events in High-Risk Patients With Diabetes

Interview with Seetha Shankaran, MD, author of Effect of Depth and Duration of Cooling on Deaths in the NICU Among Neonates With Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Interview with David M. Nathan, MD, author of Association Between 7 Years of Intensive Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes and Long-term Mortality

Interview with David E. Arterburn, MD, MPH and Matthew L. Maciejewski, PhD, authors of Association Between Bariatric Surgery and Long-term Survival

Interview with Donald M. Berwick, MD, MPP, author of Measuring Surgical Outcomes for Improvement: Was Codman Wrong?

Interview with Jon O. Ebbert, MD, MSc, author of Effect of Varenicline on Smoking Cessation Through Smoking Reduction

Interview with Vicky Stergiopoulos, MD, author of Effect of Scattered-Site Housing Using Rent Supplements and Intensive Case Management on Housing Stability Among Homeless Adults With Mental Illness

Interview with Joann G. Elmore, MD, MPH, author of Diagnostic Concordance Among Pathologists Interpreting Breast Biopsy Specimens

Interview with Jeffrey G. Jarvik, MD, MPH, author of Association of Early Imaging for Back Pain With Clinical Outcomes in Older Adults

Interview with Justin B. Dimick, MD, MPH, author of Hospital Credentialing and Privileging of Surgeons: A Potential Safety Blind Spot

Interview with Anny H. Xiang, PhD, author of Association of Maternal Diabetes With Autism in Offspring

Interview with Anjali Jain, MD, author of Autism Occurrence by MMR Vaccine Status Among US Children With Older Siblings With and Without Autism

Interview with Chyke A. Doubeni, MD, MPH, author of Variation in Adenoma Detection Rate and the Lifetime Benefits and Cost of Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Microsimulation Model

Interview with Tracy Y. Wang, MD, MHS, MSc, author of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Use Among Medicare Patients With Low Ejection Fraction After Acute Myocardial Infarction

Interview with Diana W. Bianchi, MD, author of Noninvasive Prenatal Testing and Incidental Detection of Occult Maternal Malignancies

Interview with Thomas A. Gaziano, MD, MSc, author of Cost-effectiveness of 10-Year Risk Thresholds for Initiation of Statin Therapy for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease

Edward H. Livingston, MD discusses atrial fibrillation with Eric N. Prystowsky, MD, author of Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation. This review article reports that therapy for atrial fibrillation should include rate control for all patients, but maintenance of sinus rhythm with drugs or catheter ablation should be considered on an individual patient basis. Also on the program is a conversation about new technologies to facilitate screening for atrial fibrillation with Leslie Saxon, MD.

Interview with Melissa A. Polusny, PhD, author of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Veterans: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Interview with Adam M. Leventhal, PhD, author of Association of Electronic Cigarette Use With Initiation of Combustible Tobacco Product Smoking in Early Adolescence

Interview with Luke Rudmik, MD, MSc, author of Medical Therapies for Adult Chronic Sinusitis: A Systematic Review. This systematic review summarizes the evidence-based medical treatment of adult chronic sinusitis and proposes a treatment algorithm.

Interview with Andy Menke, PhD, author of Prevalence of and Trends in Diabetes Among Adults in the United States, 1988-2012

Adi Nadimpalli, MD, the Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) Head of Mission in Nepal, and the former vice president of the US board of directors, talks about MSF’s mission and the challenges he has faced serving in countries where access to health care is insufficient or strained due to natural or manmade disasters, violent conflicts, epidemics, and population displacement.

Interview with Kevin C. Oeffinger, MD, author of Breast Cancer Screening for Women at Average Risk: 2015 Guideline Update From the American Cancer Society

Interview with Elizabeth T. H. Fontham, MPH, DrPH, author of Breast Cancer Screening for Women at Average Risk: 2015 Guideline Update From the American Cancer Society, Nancy L. Keating, MD, MPH, author of New Guidelines for Breast Cancer Screening in US Women, and Evan R. Myers, MD, MPH, author of Benefits and Harms of Breast Cancer Screening: A Systematic Review

Interview with Ahmedin Jemal, DVM, PhD, author of Temporal Trends in Mortality in the United States, 1969-2013, and J. Michael McGinnis, MD, MPP, author of Mortality Trends and Signs of Health Progress. Also in this episode is a conversation with Christopher J.L. Murray, MD, DPhil, a Professor of Global Health at the University of Washington and Institute Director of the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation.

Interview with David Simel, MD, author of Does This Patient With Chest Pain Have Acute Coronary Syndrome? The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review

ACS is a common and potentially lethal problem. However, only about 10% of patients who present to an emergency department with chest pain actually have ACS. In this JAMA Clinical Reviews podcast, we discuss which signs, symptoms and tests used to make the diagnosis of ACS are reliable.

Edward H. Livingston MD, speaks with Alexander Fanaroff, MD, author of Does This Patient With Chest Pain Have Acute Coronary Syndrome? The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review as well as a patient who was diagnosed with myocardial infarction.

Edward H. Livingston, MD, Deputy Editor of Clinical Reviews and Education and Jon Tilburt, MD, from the Mayo Clinic explain prostate cancer screening. For more information, read the JAMA Patient Page on this topic.

Edward H. Livingston, MD, Deputy Editor of Clinical Reviews and Education discusses prostate cancer screening with Otis Brawley, MD, author of Prostate Cancer Incidence and PSA Testing Patterns in Relation to USPSTF Screening Recommendations and David F. Penson, MD, MPH, author of a related editorial entitled The Pendulum of Prostate Cancer Screening.

Edward H. Livingston MD, explores the topic of prostate cancer screening in author interviews with:

• Dan Merenstein about losing a malpractice case despite following evidence-based medicine guidelines (PSA Screening — I Finally Won!).
• Otis Brawley about Prostate Cancer Incidence and PSA Testing Patterns in Relation to USPSTF Screening Recommendations.
• David F. Penson about The Pendulum of Prostate Cancer Screening.
• Victor M. Montori about The Connection Between Evidence-Based Medicine and Shared Decision Making.

Interview with John H. Sampson, MD, PhD, MHSc, MBA, author of Alternating Electric Fields for the Treatment of Glioblastoma

Interview with Gaëtan Deslée, MD, PhD, author of Lung Volume Reduction Coil Treatment vs Usual Care in Patients With Severe Emphysema: The REVOLENS Randomized Clinical Trial

Interview with Michael P. Pignone, MD, MPH, author of Screening for Depression in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

Interview with David C. Grossman, MD, MPH, author of Screening for Autism Spectrum Disorder in Young Children: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

Interview with Michael P. Pignone, MD, MPH, author of Screening for Impaired Visual Acuity in Older Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

Interview with Lynn Babcock, MD, MS, author of Identifying Children and Adolescents at Risk for Persistent Postconcussion Symptoms

Polypharmacy is a rapidly worsening problem that hits elderly patients particularly hard.  As patients grow older, they need more medications but at the same time become less capable of managing the complexity of drug treatments.  In order to simplify treatment regimens for older patients, it is necessary to consider the evidence supporting treatment of various conditions and when the evidence is not particularly strong, reduce or eliminate medications accordingly.  Diabetes management in the elderly is highlighted in this podcast with specific attention given to deintensifying diabetes treatment in the elderly.

Articles discussed in this episode:

• Polypharmacy in the Aging Patient: Glycemic Control in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Review (Kasia J. Lipska, MD, MHS)
• Evaluation and Treatment of Older Patients With Hypercholesterolemia: A Clinical Review (Timo E. Strandberg, MD, PhD)
• Trends in Prescription Drug Use Among Adults in the United States From 1999-2012 (Elizabeth D. Kantor, PhD, MPH)

An opioid abuse epidemic now plagues US healthcare. It was caused, in part, by overzealous advocacy for controlling chronic pain resulting in overuse of narcotics. There are now 2 million Americans addicted to opioids. The approach for treating chronic pain must change. In this podcast, we summarize recent CDC guidelines for the proper use of opioids for treating chronic pain.

Articles discussed in this episode:

• CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain— United States, 2016,
• The CDC Guideline on Opioid Prescribing: Rising to the Challenge (Yngvild Olsen, MD, MPH),
• The DSM-V definition for opioid use disorder and 11 point checklist

Interview with William R. Phillips, MD, MPH, author of Screening for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

Mononucleosis is a common disease of young adults manifested by lethargy, fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. In this podcast, we review the clinical features of the disease and how good each of them is at establishing a diagnosis of mononucleosis. We also review how Epstein Barr virus was discovered as the cause of mononucleosis and talk to Mark H. Ebell, MD, MS, author of Does This Patient Have Infectious Mononucleosis? The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review.

Articles discussed in this episode:

• Does This Patient Have Infectious Mononucleosis? The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review (2016)
• Acute Lymphatic Leukemia and Infectious Mononucleosis (1931)
• Infectious Mononucleosis: Part I. Clinical Aspects (1935) 
• Infectious Mononucleosis: Clinical Manifestations in Relation to EB Virus Antibodies (1968)

Interview with Céline Vetter, PhD, author of Association Between Rotating Night Shift Work and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Among Women

Christine Curry, MD, PhD, assistant professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the University of Miami, discusses the challenges of keeping pregnant patients and her colleagues well-informed of the facts as Zika virus fears circulate.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD is a very common problem affecting about 10% of all adolescents. Children with ADHD have short attention spans, are hyperactive, talk a great deal, can be disruptive in the classroom etc.-features that are common in many adolescents. However, to have true ADHD, children must be significantly impaired by these problems. An array of medical and behavioral treatments can successfully help manage ADHD. These are reviewed in a series of articles appearing in the May 10, 2016, issue of JAMA. In this podcast, we discuss ADHD with the authors of some of those papers, Eugenia Chan, MD, MPH from Harvard and Philip Shaw, MD, PhD from the National Human Genome Research Institute.

Articles discussed in this episode:

• Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adolescents: A Systematic Review
• Quantifying the Benefits and Risks of Methylphenidate as Treatment for Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
• Methylphenidate for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents

Drs Stuart Spechler and Peter Kahrilis discuss GERD and esophagitis--how they occur and how they are treated. Dr Spechler also discusses a new hypothesis regarding how reflux esophagitis is caused that differs from the traditional teaching that acid and pepsin reflux into the esophagus and burn the mucosa layers.

Related articles:
Association of Acute Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease With Esophageal Histologic Changes
Turning the Pathogenesis of Acute Peptic Esophagitis Inside Out

Interview with Cynthia L. Ogden, PhD, author of Trends in Obesity Among Adults in the United States, 2005 to 2014

Interview with Ann E. Kurth, PhD, RN, MSN, MPH, author of Screening for Syphilis Infection in Nonpregnant Adults and Adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement