A method is provided for producing a fiber-reinforced material which is composed, at least in a region of a surface layer, of a ceramic composite and has carbon-containing fibers reaction-bonded to a matrix containing the elements Si and C. In particular a method of producing fiber-reinforced silicon carbide is provided in which a structure of a matrix contains cracks and/or pores, at least at ambient temperature, because of a high thermal expansion coefficient compared with that of the fibers. Metals are selectively electrodeposited in the open pores and cracks of the matrix and, in particular, in a region of the electrically conductive reinforcing fibers. As a result, the open pores and cracks are filled and, in addition, metallic top layers are optionally formed that are firmly keyed to the ceramic composite and that may serve as an interlayer for glass top layers or ceramic top layers. A fiber-reinforced composite material, as well as moldings, in particular brake discs, brake linings or clutch plates, composed of such a composite material, are also provided.

A fullerene derivative, with a solubility in n-hexane of not lower that 0.1 mg/ml at 25° C., includes a fullerene skeleton and three or more organic groups attached to the fullerene skeleton, where each of the organic groups is represented by the general formula (III): —CH2—X (R2)(R3)(R4) (III) where X represents an element belonging to the group 14 in the periodic table; and R2, R3 and R4 may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, hydrocarbon group, alkoxy group or amino group.

A process for preparing alkyllithium compounds by reacting a sodium-lithium alloy with alkyl halides at temperatures of about 50 to 125° C.

Disclosed is a method for producing Alkyllithium compounds by reacting metallic lithium with an Alkyl halide in a solvent. The reaction is performed at a reduced pressure at the boiling point of the solvent.

In the process of synthesizing alkylborazine compound represented by the chemical formula 2, by a reaction of a halogenated borazine compound represented by the chemical formula 1 with a Grignard reagent, thus synthesized alkylborazine compound is washed with water, or subjected to sublimation purification or distillation purification at least three times, and/or subjected to distillation purification at least twice. In the formulas, R1 independently represents alkyl group; R2 independently represents alkyl group; and X represents halogen atom.

A method for the production of alkyl lithium compounds is disclosed, in which metallic lithium is reacted with an alkyl halide in a solvent, whereby the metallic lithium is introduced in the form of lithium particles, generated by spraying molten lithium into an inert atmosphere or into a vacuum.

The present invention is directed to a reagent for use in the preparation of organomagnesium compounds as well as to a method of preparing such organomagnesium compounds. The present invention furthermore provides a method of preparing functionalized or unfunctionalized organic compounds as well as the use of the reagents of the present invention in the preparation of organometallic compounds and their reaction with electrophiles. Finally, the present invention is directed to the use of lithium salts—LiY in the preparation of organometallic compounds and their reactions with electrophiles and to an organometallic compound which is obtainable by the disclosed method.

The present invention is directed to a reagent for use in the preparation of organomagnesium compounds as well as to a method of preparing such organomagnesium compounds. The present invention furthermore provides a method of preparing functionalized or unfunctionalized organic compounds as well as the use of the reagents of the present invention in the preparation of organometallic compounds and their reaction with electrophiles. Finally, the present invention is directed to the use of lithium salts—LiY in the preparation of organometallic compounds and their reactions with electrophiles and to an organometallic compound which is obtainable by the disclosed method.

The invention relates to a method for producing Grignard compounds, according to which magnesium is reacted in a suitable fluid reaction medium in a protective atmosphere with hologen-substituted organic compounds by means of microwave radiation.

Barium, strontium, tantalum and lanthanum precursor compositions useful for atomic layer deposition (ALD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of titanate thin films. The precursors have the formula M(Cp)2, wherein M is strontium, barium, tantalum or lanthanum, and Cp is cyclopentadienyl, of the formula (I), wherein each of R1-R5 is the same as or different from one another, with each being independently selected from among hydrogen, C1-C12 alkyl, C1-C12 amino, C6-C10 aryl, C1-C12 alkoxy, C3-C6 alkylsilyl, C2-C12 alkenyl, R1R2R3NNR3, wherein R1, R2 and R3 may be the same as or different from one another and each is independently selected from hydrogen and C1-C6 alkyl, and pendant ligands including functional group(s) providing further coordination to the metal center M. The precursors of the above formula are useful to achieve uniform coating of high dielectric constant materials in the manufacture of flash memory and other microelectronic devices.

Pulverulent solid which consists essentially of at least one metal alkyl compound bound chemically and/or physically to a finely divided, porous, mechanically stable and chemically inert support, has a proportion by weight of metal alkyl compound of at least 5% by weight, based on the support, and has an angle of repose, determined in accordance with ISO 4324, of up to 48°. The solid allows trouble-free metering as active component into a reactor.

A process is described for preparing aryllithium compounds by reaction of metallic lithium in an ether-containing solvent with an aryl halide, wherein prior to or at the beginning of the reaction a catalyst is added, the catalyst containing a halogen-free, polynuclear aromatic (aryl catalyst) or consisting of such a compound.

Barium, strontium, tantalum and lanthanum precursor compositions useful for atomic layer deposition (ALD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of titanate thin films. The precursors have the formula M(Cp)2, wherein M is strontium, barium, tantalum or lanthanum, and Cp is cyclopentadienyl, of the formula wherein each of R1-R5 is the same as or different from one another, with each being independently selected from among hydrogen, C1-C12 alkyl, C1-C12 amino, C6-C10 aryl, C1-C12 alkoxy, C3-C6 alkylsilyl, C2-C12 alkenyl, R1R2R3NNR3, wherein R1, R2 and R3 may be the same as or different from one another and each is independently selected from hydrogen and C1-C6 alkyl, and pendant ligands including functional group(s) providing further coordination to the metal center M. The precursors of the above formula are useful to achieve uniform coating of high dielectric constant materials in the manufacture of flash memory and other microelectronic devices.

[Problem] To provide a preparation process by which an organic alkali metal compound is obtained in a high yield and a process for preparing an organic transition metal compound using the organic alkali metal compound. [Means to solve the problem] A process for preparing an organic alkali metal compound, which is characterized by adding a compound represented by the following formula (2) in the reaction of an active proton-containing compound represented by the following formula (1) with an alkali metal compound. RHp (1) In the formula (1), R is a hydrocarbon group or an amino group and may contain a halogen atom, a silicon atom, an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom, H is an active proton, and p is the number of hydrogen atoms abstracted in the reaction with the alkali metal compound. In the formula (2), Ra to Rc are each an atom or a group selected from a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, a heteroatom-containing group and a silicon-containing group and may be the same as or different from each other, and the neighboring substituents may be bonded to each other to form a ring.

Disclosed are ionomer compositions neutralized by a combination of cesium and potassium that have antistatic properties. Also disclosed are articles, including laminates and monolayer or multilayer structures comprising such compositions to which neither powders nor dusts easily adhere electrostatically.

The present invention provides a redox-curing type composition that penetrates into a wet body, particularly into a tooth structure (dentin), is cured in an accelerated manner by the moisture contained in the wet body, thereby exhibits a higher bond strength than those of conventional redox-curing type compositions, and has satisfactory storage stability. The present invention is a redox-curing type composition including a polymerizable monomer (a) having an acidic group, a polymerizable monomer (b) having no acidic group, a powdery inorganic peroxide (c) with an average particle diameter of 0.01 to 50 μm, an amine-based reducing agent (d), and a polymerization accelerator (e). The amine-based reducing agent (d) includes an aromatic amine (d−1) and an aliphatic amine (d−2), and a weight ratio (d−1):(d−2) therebetween is 5:1 to 1:50.

Barium, strontium, tantalum and lanthanum precursor compositions useful for atomic layer deposition (ALD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of titanate thin films. The precursors have the formula M(Cp)2, wherein M is strontium, barium, tantalum or lanthanum, and Cp is cyclopentadienyl, of the formula wherein each of R1-R5 is the same as or different from one another, with each being independently selected from among hydrogen, C1-C12 alkyl, C1-C12 amino, C6-C10 aryl, C1-C12 alkoxy, C3-C6 alkylsilyl, C2-C12 alkenyl, R1R2R3NNR3, wherein R1, R2 and R3 may be the same as or different from one another and each is independently selected from hydrogen and C1-C6 alkyl, and pendant ligands including functional group(s) providing further coordination to the metal center M. The precursors of the above formula are useful to achieve uniform coating of high dielectric constant materials in the manufacture of flash memory and other microelectronic devices.

A method of purifying crude organometallic compounds using a stripping column and a gas stream is provided. This method removes relatively more volatile impurities as compared to the organometallic compound.

Methods and systems are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. The hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to nitrogen based hydrocarbon compounds such as pyridines. The method includes the reaction of acetylene with ammonia and controlling the ratio of acetylene to ammonia to generate the desired nitrogen based hydrocarbon compound.

A sequential punch press includes an upper die (10), a lower die (90), and an adjusting device (60) in the upper die. The upper die sequentially includes a punch set (20), a punch pad (30), a punch holder (40), and a stripper (50). A punch (70) is vertically and movably secured in the punch holder and received in the stripper. The adjusting device includes first and second sliding plates (64, 66) respectively having protrusions (65b, 67b), a piston cylinder (68) having a piston rod (682) fixedly connected with the first sliding plate, and a programmable controller for causing the piston rod to slidingly move the first sliding plate. When the first protrusions opposingly abut the second protrusions, the punch can extend beyond the stripper to punch a workpiece. When the first protrusions do not opposingly abut the second protrusions, the punch cannot extend beyond the stripper to punch the workpiece.

A drilling machine drills at a multiplicity of target locations on a component. Two robots, calibrated with calibration data, move the component in a 6-D coordinate system. A metrology system ascertains the position of the component relative to the drilling machine. The movement of the robots is effected by commands generated by off-line programming. The component is moved relative to the drilling machine to a target position, ready for drilling, by a closed-loop process in which the differences in position between the expected position (the target position) and the actual position (as viewed by the metrology system) are corrected.

A drilling machine drills at a multiplicity of target locations on a component. Two robots, calibrated with calibration data, move the component in a 6-D coordinate system. A metrology system ascertains the position of the component relative to the drilling machine. The movement of the robots is effected by commands generated by off-line programming. The component is moved relative to the drilling machine to a target position, ready for drilling, by a closed-loop process in which the differences in position between the expected position (the target position) and the actual position (as viewed by the metrology system) are corrected.

The disclosure relates to a novel use of a food composition for human use, having fewer than 1600 picomoles of polyamines, for the production of a medical food which is intended to combat a syndrome or pathology involving N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NR2-B.

The invention provides a sweetener composition comprising a combination of cellulose and a sweetener carbohydrate formed from a combination of at least two carbohydrates selected from the group consisting of sucrose, glucose and fructose, and a method for the preparation thereof.

The invention provides a sweetener composition comprising a combination of cellulose and a sweetener carbohydrate formed from a combination of at least two carbohydrates selected from the group consisting of sucrose, glucose and fructose, and a method for the preparation thereof.

The present invention provides protein hydrolysate compositions, processes for making protein hydrolysate compositions, and food products comprising protein hydrolysate compositions. The protein hydrolysate compositions generally comprise polypeptide fragments having primarily either an arginine residue or a lysine residue at each carboxyl terminus.

Combinations of atmosphere control members are used to control the atmosphere within a sealed container which contains a respiring biological material. The combination makes use of a first ACM having a first R ratio (the ratio of carbon dioxide permeability to oxygen permeability) and a second ACM having a second R ratio, the first R ratio being substantially greater than 1.0, and the second R ratio being less than the first R ratio. This combination (31, 321, 322, 331, 332) can form part of the sealed container (1) itself, or can be part of an assembly (31, 32, 34) through which the packaging atmosphere within the sealed container (1) is circulated.

The present invention provides stabilized oil-in-water emulsions with an extended range of chemical, thermal and/or mechanical stabilities, and method(s) for their preparation. Such preparations provide an environmentally-protective biopolymer component exhibiting improved adherence to the dispersed phase, reducing or eliminating dissociation therefrom under such conditions, for use in the context of a range of food, pharmaceutical, personal care, health care, cosmetic and other end-use applications.

The invention relates to shortening particle compositions that are suitable for use in preparing batter or dough products such as biscuits, pizza crusts, pot pie crusts, cinnamon rolls, or dry mixes for same. Typically, the shortening compositions are low in trans fatty acids and in saturated fatty acids. For example, the shortening particle composition may comprise less than about 3% wt. total trans fatty acids and a total of about less than about 61% wt. saturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids.

The present disclosure relates to a Bacillus subtilis alpha-amylase (AmyE) or its variants thereof. AmyE or its variants thereof may be used to more efficiently produce fermentable sugars from starch. Also disclosed are a composition comprising a glucoamylase and AmyE or variant thereof and a method of processing starch utilizing the described enzyme composition.

A motor-driven compressor includes a connector to which a first and second conductors are connected, and a connector case receiving the connector. The connector case includes a first case member and a second case member. A seal member is provided between the first and second case members. The first case member has a first sealing surface extending along the periphery of the first case member. The second case member has a second sealing surface extending along the periphery of the second case member and facing the first sealing surface. The seal member includes a main seal portion for sealing between the first sealing surface and the second sealing surface. The main seal portion has a first peripheral seal portion for sealing the periphery of the first conductor inserted therethrough and has a second peripheral seal portion for sealing the periphery of the second conductor inserted therethrough.

The invention relates to a wet gas compression system comprising a compact flow conditioner (21), intended to be placed below sea level in close vicinity to a well head or on a dry installation, said flow conditioner (21) being intended to receive a multi-phase flow through a supply pipe (11) from a sub sea well for further transport of such hydrocarbons to a multi-phase receiving plant, and where preferably avoid sand accumulation or remove as much sand as possible from the multi-phase flow, the gas (G) and the liquid (L) being separated in the flow conditioner (21) whereupon the separated gas (G) and liquid (L) are re-assembled and enters a multi-phase meter (46) prior to boosting by means of a compressor (22). In the combined multi-phase pump and compressor unit (22), as an integrated unit, comprises a combined multi-phase pump and compressor unit (22) functioning on the centrifugal principle, used for trans-porting liquid and gas from a flow conditioner (21) to a remote multi-phase receiving plant.

A rotary vane compressor includes a cylinder chamber having an ellipsoidal inner wall shape, a rotor rotatably provided in the cylinder chamber, a vane held in the rotor so as to contact with an inner wall surface of the cylinder chamber along with a rotation of the rotor, a vane slot provided on the rotor and offset on a reverse rotational side of the rotor from a radial line passing over a rotational center of the rotor, and a controller for controlling a rotation of the rotor. The controller reversely rotates the rotor for a predetermined time upon activating the compressor. According to the compressor, chattering can be prevented by surely protruding the vane from the vane slot without providing extra parts. In addition, the vane can be produced with easy working processes at low cost.

A displacement control system (A) of a variable displacement compressor sets a target for pressure in an intake chamber or a crank chamber, on the basis of a detected evaporator-outlet air temperature and a target for evaporator-outlet air temperature. The pressure of a refrigerant in a high-pressure section is detected, and a regulating current is supplied to a solenoid (316) of a displacement control valve, on the basis of the pressure of the refrigerant in the high-pressure section and the target for pressure.

The scroll refrigeration compressor includes a sealed casing, stationary and moving volutes including spiral wraps engaged in one another and defining the variable-volume compression chambers, a delivery chamber defined by the plate of the stationary volute and the sealed casing, a heat shield disposed in the delivery chamber and dividing the delivery chamber into a first volume defined by the plate of the stationary volute and the heat shield and a second volume defined by the heat shield and the sealed casing, and at least one flow passage arranged to communicate the first and second volumes. The compressor further includes at least one bypass passage arranged to communicate the first volume with an intermediate compression chamber, and at least one bypass valve disposed in the first volume and movable between closing and opening positions for closing and opening the corresponding bypass passage.

A turbocharger arrangement in an internal combustion engine is provided. The turbocharger arrangement includes a turbocharger housing surrounding a sealed inner space and a shaft extending through the turbocharger housing. The turbocharger arrangement further includes a turbine wheel arranged on the shaft and driving a compressor unit, a bearing arrangement mounting the shaft in the turbocharger housing, an oil supply device lubricating the bearing arrangement, and a pressure changing unit in fluidic communication with the sealed inner space configured to adjust the pressure in the sealed inner space based on engine operating conditions.

A supercharged compressor and method of operating the compressor supplies a commercial vehicle with compressed air. The compressor includes a piston chamber, a dead space or clearance volume and a valve unit for switching the clearance volume. The valve element is configured such that the air volume supplied by the supercharged compressor can be reduced to a value that is different from zero by activating the clearance volume.

A compressor has a rotational driver in a hermetic container, a rotational shaft coupled to the rotation driver, and a compression mechanism coupled to the rotational shaft to inhale and compress refrigerant. In addition, a first bearing fixed to the compression mechanism supports the rotational shaft, and a second bearing is separated from the first bearing on the rotational shaft. The gap between the shaft and the first bearing is set to control a gap between the shaft and the second bearing.

A compressor is provided in which a rotary member suspended on a stationary member is rotated to compress a refrigerant. The rotary member is suspended on a first stationary member and rotatably supported on a second stationary member spaced apart from the first stationary member, to thereby achieve structural stability, improve operation reliability, and reduce vibration. The components can be easily centered and assembled with an excellent assembly property. In addition, a mounting structure of an elastically-supported vane is improved to ensure lubrication performance and operation reliability. Moreover, a mounting structure of a roller-incorporated vane is improved to reduce vibration and prevent refrigerant leakage, which leads to high compression efficiency.

A compressor is provided and may include a shell, a motor assembly, a drive shaft, a first compression mechanism, and a second compression mechanism. The motor assembly may be disposed within the shell. The drive shaft may be powered by the motor assembly. The first compression mechanism may be disposed within the shell and may be driven by the motor assembly. The second compression mechanism may be driven by the motor assembly.

In a broad aspect, embodiments described herein are generally directed to an electronic device comprising: a housing; a component mounted within the housing; a component cover in fixed relation to the housing; wherein the component cover is configurable between at least a first state and a second state; and wherein light transmissivity through the component cover is greater when in the second state than when in the first state. In some implementations, in the first state the component cover is substantially opaque, or in the second state the component cover is substantially transparent.

The present invention relates to moldable sand compositions, methods for making the moldable sand compositions, and methods for using the moldable sand compositions. In a particular embodiment, the moldable sand composition comprises between about 70% to about 95% sand, between about 5% to about 30% water, a polar polymeric resin, a crosslinking agent, and a humectant. In an exemplary embodiment, the composition contains no oils, waxes, glycols, or rubbers. The composition is capable of becoming hardened over time in order to maintain the achieved shape, and can be re-wetted and molded again after becoming hardened.

An interposer (support substrate) for an opto-electronic assembly is formed to include a thermally-isolated region where temperature-sensitive devices (such as, for example, laser diodes) may be positioned and operate independent of temperature fluctuations in other areas of the assembly. The thermal isolation is achieved by forming a boundary of dielectric material through the thickness of the interposer, the periphery of the dielectric defining the boundary between the thermally isolated region and the remainder of the assembly. A thermo-electric cooler can be used in conjunction with the temperature-sensitive device(s) to stabilize the operation of these devices.

A temperature-compensated laser driving circuit for driving a laser component is provided. The temperature-compensated laser driving circuit includes: a temperature compensation circuit, configured to generate a second current based on a first current and a temperature-independent current; and a modulation current generating circuit, configured to generate a modulation current based on the second current, and calibrate optical power output of the laser component based on the modulation current. The first current is proportional to the absolute temperature. The second current and the first current have a slope relative to the absolute temperature respectively, and the slope of the second current relative to the absolute temperature is larger than of the slope of the first current relative to the absolute temperature.

A communication module according to the present invention includes a substrate, a laser element and a light receiving element provided on a front surface of the substrate and separating from each other, a transparent resin package collectively sealing the laser element and the light receiving element, and a diffusion unit provided to be opposed to a light emitting surface of the laser element at a prescribed distance for diffusing a laser beam emitted by the laser element, while the distance T between the laser element and the light receiving element satisfies the following formula (1): T≧t1·tan θ+(t1+t2)·tan θ' . . . (1) (in the formula (1), t1 represents the distance between the light emitting surface of the laser element and the diffusion unit, θ represents the maximum angle of emission of the laser element, t2 represents the difference between the height from the front surface of the substrate up to the light emitting surface and the height up to alight receiving surface of the light receiving element, and θ' represents the maximum diffusion angle of the diffusion unit.)

A semiconductor laser produces infrared radiation suitable for jamming a heat seeking missile, wherein a wavelength of the radiation is in a range of 2-5 microns, and the laser has a semiconductor lasing medium of Pb1-xSexPb1-xSnxSe or Ga0.84In0.16As0.14Sb0.86. These materials can be doped to provide a p/n junction, wherein the laser is excitable by electric current passing through the p/n junction. The third one of these materials can be constructed also as a uniform undoped slab which is excitable optically. Cooling of the lasing medium is accomplished by use of a lithium heat sink thermally coupled to the lasing medium by a diamond thermal diffuser which conducts heat from the relatively small region of the laser to spread out the thermal energy along a relatively large surface of the heat sink. Modulation circuitry is connected to the excitation apparatus to provide a pulse train of the radiation.

Disclosed is a compressive album manufacturing apparatus in that independent areas for performing an aligning process, a heat providing process, a compressing process, and a cooling process respectively are formed in the multistage compressive album manufacturing apparatus, so that each process, which is done by hand, is merged into one, thereby rapidly manufacturing the bulk of compressive albums.

There is provided a decoloring device including a decoloring unit, a first sheet conveying unit, a first sheet feed unit, a thickness detecting unit, a decolorability determining unit, and a second sheet feed unit. The first sheet conveying unit conveys the sheet to the decoloring unit. The first sheet feed unit feeds the sheet to the first sheet conveying unit. The decolorability determining unit determines whether or not the sheet which is subject to thickness detecting is decolorable by the decoloring unit based on a detection result in the thickness detecting unit. A second sheet feed unit is disposed at a downstream side in relation to the thickness detecting unit and at an upstream side in relation to the decoloring unit in a sheet conveying path by the first sheet conveying unit and feeds the sheet to the first sheet conveying unit.

A female thread member capable of preventing seizing caused by inclined insertion, and being smoothly fastened from any directions in which a bolt is inserted, and a fastening member using the female thread member. A non-thread portion is formed on an inner peripheral surface of a female thread member body having a female thread for a length corresponding to at least one pitch from an end surface on a bolt-inserting side, and a projection which comes into contact with a flank surface of a male thread of an inserted bolt is formed on a line extending from a helical line of the female thread. The female thread member is used in combination with the bolt having no incomplete thread portion, and there is no adverse possibility of seizing regardless of any directions in which the bolt is inserted.

An assembly comprising at least two non-metal components which are fixed to each other using at least one fixing system. The fixing system includes a fixing device with a fixing element which is provided with a head and a rod, and a crimping ring which is in contact with one of the components. A protection device is a part of the fixing system which delimits a cavity for confining gas around a portion of the device comprising the crimping ring. In order to improve the repeatability of the operation for positioning the protection device, a guiding device is provided which includes an assembly element on the portion of the fixing device, and an element for guiding the protection device.