Côte d'Ivoire. Report of the technical assessment of the proposed forest reference emission level of Côte d'Ivoire submitted in 2017.

Agenda and annotations. Note by the Executive Secretary.

Iceland. Report on the individual review of the annual submission of Iceland submitted in 2017. Note by the expert review team.

Papua New Guinea. Report of the technical assessment of the proposed forest reference level of Papua New Guinea submitted in 2017.

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Report on the individual review of the annual submission of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland submitted in 2017. Note by the expert review team.

Greece. Report on the individual review of the annual submission of Greece submitted in 2017. Note by the expert review team.

Capacity-building work of bodies established under the Convention and its Kyoto Protocol. Compilation and synthesis report by the secretariat. Addendum. Compilation of capacity-building activities undertaken by bodies established under the Convention and its Kyoto Protocol

Initial draft of the technology framework. Informal document by the Chair

Slovakia. Report on the individual review of the annual submission of Slovakia submitted in 2017. Note by the expert review team.

The 33rd meeting of the Least Developed Countries Expert Group. Report by the secretariat.

Informal document containing the draft elements of the draft decision on the work programme under the framework for non-market approaches referred to in Article 6, paragraph 8, of the Paris Agreement. Informal document by the Chair.

Informal document containing the draft elements of the rules, modalities and procedures for the mechanism established by Article 6, paragraph 4, of the Paris Agreement. Informal document by the Chair.

Informal document containing the draft elements of guidance on cooperative approaches referred to in Article 6, paragraph 2, of the Paris Agreement. Informal document by the Chair.

Draft elements of the modalities, work programme and functions of the forum on the impact of the implementation of response measures under the Paris Agreement . Informal document by the Chairs.

Implementation of the framework for capacity-building in developing countries. Synthesis report by the secretariat.

Arrangements for Intergovernmental Meetings. Note by the Executive Secretary.

Monaco. Report on the individual review of the annual submission of Monaco submitted in 2017. Note by the expert review team.

Monaco. Report on the review of the report to facilitate the calculation of the assigned amount for the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol of Monaco.

Czechia. Report on the individual review of the annual submission of Czechia submitted in 2017. Note by the expert review team.

Outcomes of work under the Nairobi work programme on impacts, vulnerability and adaptation to climate change since May 2016. Synthesis report by the secretariat.

Cambodia. Report of the technical assessment of the proposed forest reference level of Cambodia submitted in 2017.

China. Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of China submitted on 12 January 2017.

United Nations Environment Programme response to the independent review of the Climate Technology Centre and Network.

New Zealand. Report on the individual review of the annual submission of New Zealand submitted in 2017. Note by the expert review team.

Status of submission and review of seventh national communications and third biennial reports. Note by the secretariat.

Allon Raiz is CEO of business incubator Raizcorp. In this series of articles, he offers entrepreneurs advice on surviving a crisis.

Banks can be as powerful and valued as the big technology firms. Yes, those trillion-dollar titans.

Stokvels are an important strategy for financial survival, so it's crucial to find a way to make them work during the pandemic, says Dr Norman Chivasa.

Now, more than ever, we need to be listening for market signals and ensuring that our businesses are primed to both take advantage of opportunities and to mitigate risks, says Allon Raiz.

For companies to survive and even thrive beyond the coronavirus pandemic, they’re going to have think more like the millennial generation, says Dr Anushka Bogdanov.

Authorities unable or unwilling to face up to a reality that might reveal their own shortcomings and ineptitude, usually resort to pinpointing a scapegoat. This year, Covid-19 fits that bill, says Terry Bell.

There’s always been massive inequality in South Africa, but those who have the money and power still aren’t getting it, says Carmen Williams.

As editor Wilhelm Crous puts it, "We haven't seen this movie before."

The future choices made by airlines matter a great deal for the oil market, say Liam Denning and Brooke Sutherland.

The furore surrounding the arrival of over 200 Cuban medical doctors in South Africa to fight the coronavirus has highlighted a failure on the part of the SA government to explain the nature and drivers of our country’s relationship with Cuba, says Mills Soko.

For the first time in 130 years, there will be no rallies and marches to celebrate what began as a campaign for an eight-hour working day.

Handyman Vincenzo Perugia walked out of the Louvre with a rolled-up painting under his smock. What ensured should be a lesson to us all, says Hannes Viljoen.

Where businesses are fighting to survive, agility is the name of the game, says Mignon Reynecke.

Read an extract from business author and coach Douglas Kruger's latest book, Virus-proof your small business.

Strategic partnerships could be used to create win-win outcomes, says Sifiso Skenjana.

To history buffs, the Covid-19 pandemic must seem eerily familiar, says Noah Smith.

A team of social media analysts at an SA business school is tracking misinformation, disinformation, distortion and lies online.

Government went to war against Covid-19 with very low supplies in citizen trust and financial reserves, says Solly Moeng.

Argentina is a case study in what happens when an economy already on its knees implements an aggressive lockdown, says Mac Margolis.

Our economy is in deep trouble, from whichever perspective you look at it. The economic battering taken by economically strong countries is frightening, leaving us in South Africa to fear the worst.

Even before the recent news of the season’s first confirmed spotted lanternfly hatches in the Philadelphia region, homeowners in many parts of Pennsylvania were gearing up for their annual battle with the destructive pest.

Trees, shrubs and woody vines are among the top food sources for honey bees in urban environments, according to an international team of researchers. By using honey bees housed in rooftop apiaries in Philadelphia, the researchers identified the plant species from which the honey bees collected most of their food, and tracked how these food resources changed from spring to fall. The findings may be useful to homeowners, beekeepers and urban land managers who wish to sustain honey bees and other bee and pollinator species.

A $450,000 grant from the U.S. Agency for International Development’s Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Peanut Research will aid researchers in Penn State’s College of Agricultural Sciences as they explore the potential to empower women farmers in northern Ghana through peanut production.

Penn State’s College of Agricultural Sciences is staying connected to alumni during the COVID-19 pandemic by moving its monthly Alumni Society board meetings and other alumni activities online.

A new online newsletter offered by Penn State Extension will give readers “the scoop” on the spotted lanternfly.