The first report is a synthesis from a Workshop on Approaches to Support Substitution and Alternatives Assessment, which discussed approaches used to support alternative assessments and substitution. The second report is a Cross Country Analysis of Approaches to Support Alternatives Assessment and Substitution of Chemicals of Concern that describes a list of approaches developed across countries and by different stakeholders.

New features of the QSAR Toolbox version 4.3 include: 2 New Databases, 5 New Profilers, 2D parameters, 159 new (Q)SAR models including pre-calculated online Danish QSAR DB models and new pKa models, Toolbox Application Program Interface (API) is now publicly available.

Today, OECD Council adopted the Recommendation on Countering the Illegal Trade of Pesticides to strengthen cooperation between countries and inspectors and identify illegal pesticides throughout their lifecycle with a Best Practice Guidance.

This report outlines the customisation opportunities for IUCLID version 6. It also gives an overview of what IUCLID offers to regulatory bodies and industry as a key application to record, store, maintain and exchange data on chemicals. IUCLID is used in a variety of countries and regulatory contexts, therefore the report describes to which extent it is customisable to facilitate the management of chemical data across these contexts.

On 11 February 2019, the OECD organised a webinar to learn and discuss new methodologies on liver models for induction, clearance and toxicity. The speakers presented the benefits compared to existing methods in place, the types of chemicals tested, the results obtained, the transferability and economic aspects for routine testing, and any known limitation to the technologies and their applications.

Nanomaterials have unique physical and chemical features. OECD's Decision Framework and Guiding Principles tools fill data gaps in the hazard characterisation by identifying the most useful parameters and best available methods for a given type of nanomaterial.

GHSTS is a standardised set of technical specifications for assembling electronic files for pesticide registration in a predefined manner. Once assembled according to the GHSTS, the dossier files can be transferred from a business to a regulatory authority and can be used in a regulatory process. Version 2.0 includes improved lifecycle management of documents over a series of submissions for one pesticide (or other) regulatory action.

Policy instruments can be applied to improve the sustainability of plastics, including regulations, market-based instruments, information and voluntary tools. The report reviews the use of these instruments, provides good practice examples, such as product taxes and charges, eco-design standards, extended producer responsibility and environmental product labels, as well as discussing opportunities for their future applications.

The purpose of this document is to give guidance to Receiving Authorities on the evaluation of the GLP compliance status of nonclinical safety studies submitted for regulatory purposes. This guidance does not address the scientific evaluation and interpretation of the submitted data or the risk assessment based on these data.

Latest releases: AOPs are the central element of a toxicological knowledge framework, promoted by member countries through OECD, built to support chemical risk assessment based on mechanistic reasoning. Seven New AOPs have now been published.

Two new cases have been published that focus on use of metabolism information to support read-across and use of a combination of novel methods to identify potential endocrine disruptors, respectively. In addition a considerations document includes lessons and learnings from analysis across case studies and an analysis of uncertainties in six read-across cases.

This report aims to enhance awareness for inclusion of children’s exposure in risk assessments when relevant and presents a children’s exposure decision tree that facilitates such decisions. The decision tree can be used to identify if a separate exposure assessment is needed with regard to children, and also aims to identify whether the exposure assessment conducted for adults already provides an acceptable level of safety of children.

On Thursday 26 September 2019, the OECD discussed "Finding Alternatives to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances of Concern: A Difficult and Continuing Challenge" with the participation of W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Presenters shared efforts, successes and challenges in eliminating per and polyfluorinated chemicals of environmental concern from the life cycle of consumer products.

On 27 September 2019, Anne Gourmelon of the Environment Directorate presented an overview of the various alternative test methods developed as OECD Test Guidelines and relevant guidance material to address eye irritation and serious eye damage for hazard classification of chemicals.

A major fruit crop of temperate regions, APPLE is consumed worldwide as fresh fruit, juice and other food products. This consensus document provides science-based key insights for the regulatory assessment of the environmental safety of genetically-engineered products: taxonomy, reproductive biology, genetics, hybridisation and introgression, and ecology.

This document is intended to provide universal Guiding Principles that should be considered when developing or augmenting systematic approaches to Weight of Evidence (WoE) for chemical evaluation and Key Elements to formulating a systematic approach to WoE. The ultimate goal is to facilitate that regulators follow a consistent, clear and transparent delivery of evidence using the Principles and Elements described in this document.

The Chemical Safety and Biosafety Progress Report is released every eight months. Its purpose is to provide an update on the projects, events and activities. Information on new publications as well as dates and venues of upcoming events and meetings are given.

Standard & Poor's credit rating for the United States stands at AA+ with stable outlook. Moody's credit rating for the United States was last set at Aaa with stable outlook. Fitch's credit rating for the United States was last reported at AAA with stable outlook. DBRS's credit rating for the United States is AAA with stable outlook. In general, a credit rating is used by sovereign wealth funds, pension funds and other investors to gauge the credit worthiness of the United States thus having a big impact on the country's borrowing costs. This page includes the government debt credit rating for the United States as reported by major credit rating agencies.

United States recorded 1347318 Coronavirus Cases since the epidemic began, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In addition, United States reported 78616 Coronavirus Deaths. This page includes a chart with historical data for the United States Coronavirus Cases.

United States recorded 80040 Coronavirus Deaths since the epidemic began, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In addition, United States reported 1347318 Coronavirus Cases. This page includes a chart with historical data for the United States Coronavirus Deaths.

United States recorded 238080 Coronavirus Recovered since the epidemic began, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In addition, United States reported 80040 Coronavirus Deaths. This page includes a chart with historical data for the United States Coronavirus Recovered.

Standard & Poor's credit rating for Turkey stands at B+ with stable outlook. Moody's credit rating for Turkey was last set at B1 with negative outlook. Fitch's credit rating for Turkey was last reported at BB- with stable outlook. DBRS's credit rating for Turkey is BB (high) with negative outlook. In general, a credit rating is used by sovereign wealth funds, pension funds and other investors to gauge the credit worthiness of Turkey thus having a big impact on the country's borrowing costs. This page includes the government debt credit rating for Turkey as reported by major credit rating agencies.

The ATX decreased 983 points or 30.44% since the beginning of 2020, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from Austria. Historically, the Austria Stock Market (ATX) reached an all time high of 5010.93 in July of 2007. The Vienna Stock Exchange Index is a major stock market index which tracks the performance of all companies listed in Austria. It is a market capitalisation weighted price index. The WBI represents around 60% of Austrian stock trade. The index has a base value of EUR100 as of December 31, 1967.

CEOs and corporate leaders on the lessons they have already learnt — and what happens next

Kew may be 70 times bigger than the Physic Garden, but historically Chelsea is the mother ship

Paris is organised around culture to a degree unimaginable in mercantile, muddled-up London

Victor Erice is one of those rare film directors who show time passing apparently at its own pace

Three recent decisions have brought this issue into focus – and all three are lamentable and incoherent

There are profound reasons for studying the languages, literature and civilisations of the Greeks and Romans

This is about reminding ourselves that we are animals, not adjuncts to computer terminals

Too many poets have turned inward, speaking to their fellows rather than to the wider world

Mussorgsky and Toulouse-Lautrec reached out to people treated as extras rather than full human subjects

Have we gone from protecting nature to managing it on behalf of the Earth’s dominant species?

‘There is a unique beauty to this time of year. Everything looks ghostly in the dense, opaque air’

Feelings of shame, unlike other emotions, are difficult to hide

The extraordinary thing about Roger Federer is that he still loves playing tennis after all these years

The story of Sisyphus compares quite well with the experience of zero-hours contracts

Taipei’s MRT is the only underground railway where someone has offered to tie up my shoelace

As I approached the hall where the relics of our vintage were assembled, I heard an unspirit-like roar

A country’s values come into focus when seen by an outsider, contrasting them with his native country

Caricaturist James Gillray was arrested over a print showing politicians kissing a new royal baby’s backside

Participation in the arts has a hugely positive impact on people’s health and wellbeing

Perhaps a lot of rugby has always been prosaic but I struggle to recall such a dearth of poetry

The quiet streets have that special Viennese quality of grandeur combined with melancholy and nostalgia

It is that forging and tempering that makes the poet’s utterances strong and flexible

Isis could be seen as a vast and terrifying collective outbreak of the Freudian concept of ‘acting out’

Through this column, connections have been made and the conversation has broadened

After 11 years, Harry Eyres’ column has come to an end. Here’s his first, from January 17, 2004

An imaginative journey into the life and work of an elusive Roman poet

The taming of the Tea Party leaves the GOP short on the ideological message the voters like