ag CSS play - Image reflections By www.cssplay.co.uk Published On :: 2013-02-08 A CSS only method of producing image reflections on solid background colors. Full Article
ag CSS play responsive 'background' images suitable for IE7 and IE8 By www.cssplay.co.uk Published On :: 2013-04-24 A method of getting IE7, IE8 and early version of other browsers to support 'background-size:cover'. Full Article
ag CSS play responsive image map By www.cssplay.co.uk Published On :: 2013-06-07 A responsive image map that works on touch screen devices including Android OS and IE10. Full Article
ag CSSplay - Imagemap with hover effect By www.cssplay.co.uk Published On :: 2013-11-13 An html imagemap with hover effect for all browsers except IE which has fallback to a plain imagemap. Full Article
ag CSSplay - CSS 'toggle' zooming images By www.cssplay.co.uk Published On :: 2014-02-11 A CSS only method of toggling the zoom state of images. Works in all modern browsers including the Android browser. Full Article
ag CSSplay - CSS British Flag By www.cssplay.co.uk Published On :: 2014-04-05 The British Flag using just two divs. Full Article
ag CSSplay - Percentage border and text sizing By www.cssplay.co.uk Published On :: 2014-09-06 A CSS only method of producing percentage border widths and text sizing without using @media queries. Full Article
ag CSSplay - Imagemap with CSS only hover effect By www.cssplay.co.uk Published On :: 2014-09-16 A CSS only hover effect on an html imagemap. For Firefox, Chrome, Safari and Opera with fallback for IE7+ Full Article
ag CSS PLAY - Responsive foreground image 'contain' By www.cssplay.co.uk Published On :: 2015-05-30 A CSS only method of containing a responsive foreground image in a fullscreen browser window without @media queries. Full Article
ag CSS PLAY - Responsive foreground image 'cover' By www.cssplay.co.uk Published On :: 2015-06-01 A CSS only method of covering a responsive foreground image in a fullscreen browser window without @media queries. Full Article
ag CSS PLAY - Responsive foreground image 'cover/contain' slideshow By www.cssplay.co.uk Published On :: 2015-06-02 A CSS only responsive foreground image fullscreen slideshow with 'cover' and 'contain' images and no @media queries. Full Article
ag CSS PLAY - Tracking images using CSS shape By www.cssplay.co.uk Published On :: 2015-08-03 Using CSS shape to have text track the shape of images. For all modern browsers except IE and Firefox. Full Article
ag CSS PLAY - Responsive full page gallery By www.cssplay.co.uk Published On :: 2016-02-26 A CSS only responsive full page gallery for all devices with no visible scrollbars. Full Article
ag CSSplay - CSS only page using 'scroll snap points' By www.cssplay.co.uk Published On :: 2016-04-06 A CSS only page layout using 'scroll snap points to scroll the page one screen at a time. Full Article
ag Magnum/Aperture Square Print sale By completedigitalphotography.com Published On :: Mon, 28 Oct 2019 17:12:29 +0000 This year’s Magnum Photos and Aperture Square Print Sale, entitled Hidden, is underway right now. For $100, you can get a 6×6-inch museum-quality print from one of 120 modern and contemporary photographers, including Elliott Erwitt, Elinor Carucci, Joel Meyerowitz, Todd Hido and many more. Most of the photos offered are signed by the photographer; others—from […] The post Magnum/Aperture Square Print sale appeared first on Complete Digital Photography. Full Article Photography Links magnum photos print sale
ag Managing your photo library: pruning old growth By completedigitalphotography.com Published On :: Mon, 13 Jan 2020 23:51:38 +0000 At the end of October, 2019, my photo library contained approximately 60,000 images, mostly taken over the past 20 years. (Of those, nearly 40% are from the past five years.) Comparing the size of my library with those of friends of mine, I’m about average, but still, 60,000 is a big number, and managing that […] The post Managing your photo library: pruning old growth appeared first on Complete Digital Photography. Full Article Features General Image editing culling photo management post-production
ag The design of composite images By densitydesign.org Published On :: Wed, 04 Sep 2019 09:11:39 +0000 Increasing digitisation of society has enabled the study of collective... more Full Article
ag Public acceptance of disturbance-based forest management: a study of the Blue River Landscape Strategy in the Central Cascades Adaptive Management Area. By www.fs.fed.us Published On :: Tue, 16 Jun 2009 11:45:00 PST This report examines public perspectives on disturbance-based management conducted in the central Cascade Range in Oregon as part of the Blue River Landscape Strategy. Full Article
ag Values, beliefs, and attitudes technical guide for Forest Service land and resource management, planning, and decisionmaking. By www.fs.fed.us Published On :: Thu, 09 Jul 2009 11:45:00 PST In recent years, the Forest Service and the public have placed increasing priority on making sure that management of public lands takes into account the needs of nearby communities, regional residents, national residents, and even members of the public who may not currently visit public lands. Full Article
ag Regional Cost Information For Private Timberland Conversion and Management By www.fs.fed.us Published On :: Fri, 08 Sep 2006 12:00:00 PST Cost of private timber management practices in the United States are identified, and their relationship to timber production in general is highlighted. Costs across timber-producing regions and forest types are identified by forest type and timber management practices historically applied in each region. This includes cost estimates for activities such as forest establishment practices such as reforestation and afforestation on crop and pastureland. Establishment costs for reforestation in the Southern United States are less than in other regions, although regional differences in establishment costs are less evident in hardwood than in softwood stands. Also, included in the list of timber management costs ate the intermediate management treatments of precommercial thinning, herbicide, and fertilizer application. Intermediate management treatments are less costly in the southern United States than in other regions. Trends in timber management costs reported as part of the management costs reporting. Full Article
ag Ecology and management of morels harvested from the forests of western North America. By www.fs.fed.us Published On :: Fri, 20 Apr 2007 10:40:00 PST Morels are prized edible mushrooms that fruit, sometimes prolifically, in many forest types throughout western North America. They are collected for personal consumption and commercially harvested as valuable special (nontimber) forest products. Large gaps remain, however, in our knowledge about their taxonomy, biology, ecology, cultivation, safety, and how to manage forests and harvesting activities to conserve morel populations and ensure sustainable crops. This publication provides forest managers, policymakers, mycologists, and mushroom harvesters with a synthesis of current knowledge regarding these issues, regional summaries of morel harvesting and management, and a comprehensive review of the literature. Full Article
ag . 2012. Natural and cultural history of beargrass (Xerophyllum tenax). Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-864. Portland, OR: U.S Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,Pacific Northwest Research Station. 80 p. By www.fs.fed.us Published On :: Thu., 25 Oct 2012 13:30:00 PST Forest managers are seeking practical guidance on how to adapt their current practices and, if necessary, their management goals, in response to climate change. Science-management collaboration was initiated on national forests in eastern Washington where resource managers showed a keen interest in science-based options for adapting to climate change at a 2-day workshop. Scientists and managers reviewed current climate change science and identified resources vulnerable to expected climate change. Vulnerabilities related to vegetation and habitat management included potential reductions in forest biodiversity and low forest resilience to changing disturbance regimes. The vulnerabilities related to aquatic and infrastructure resources included changing water quality and quantity, the risk to roads and other facilities from changes to hydrologic regimes, and the potential loss of at-risk aquatic species and habitats. Managers then worked in facilitated groups to identify adaptations that could be implemented through management and planning to reduce the vulnerability of key resources to climate change. The identified adaptations were grouped under two major headings: Increasing Ecological Resiliency to Climate Change, and Increasing Social and Economic Resiliency to Climate Change. The information generated from the science-management collaborative represents an initial and important step in identifying and prioritizing tangible steps to address climate change in forest management. Next would be the development of detailed implementation strategies that address the identified management adaptations.. Full Article
ag How to Fan Out Images on Scroll to Promote an Image Gallery in Divi By www.elegantthemes.com Published On :: Thu, 07 May 2020 16:00:57 +0000 Knowing how to fan out images with Divi’s scroll effects can be a subtle and impressive design element to help promote an image gallery on a landing page. The idea is to engage users as they scroll down the page by fanning out images like a hand of playing cards. In this tutorial, we are […] The post How to Fan Out Images on Scroll to Promote an Image Gallery in Divi appeared first on Elegant Themes Blog. Full Article Divi Resources divi scroll effects fan-out images
ag 8 Design Principles Behind High Converting Landing Pages By www.elegantthemes.com Published On :: Fri, 08 May 2020 12:00:40 +0000 So you’ve discovered Divi and went on a quest of creating a website. But as the website went live, you discovered that although it looks great, you’re not hitting the conversion targets you had in mind. This doesn’t mean you should abandon your efforts. Even though Divi lets you skip all the learning you have […] The post 8 Design Principles Behind High Converting Landing Pages appeared first on Elegant Themes Blog. Full Article Design
ag Costs of Landscape Silviculture For Fire and Habitat Management By www.fs.fed.us Published On :: Tue, 21 Dec 2005 15:25:36 PST In forest reserves of the U.S. Pacific Northwest, management objectives include protecting late-seral habitat structure by reducing the threat of large-scale disturbances like wildfire. We simulated how altering within and among-stand structure with silvicultural treatments of differing intensity affected late-seral forest (LSF) structure and fire threat (FT) reduction over 30 years in a 6070-ha reserve. We then evaluated how different financial requirements influenced the treatment mix selected for each decade, the associated effects on FT reduction and LSF structure in the reserve, and treatment costs. Requirements for treatments to earn money (NPV+), break even (NPVO), or to not meet any financial goal at the scale of the entire reserve (landscape) affected the predicted reduction of FT and the total area of LSF structure in different ways. With or without a requirement to break even, treatments accomplished about the same landscape level of FT reduction and LSF structure. Although treatment effects were similar, their associated net revenues ranged from negative $1 million to positive $3000 over 30 years. In contrast, a requirement for landscape treatments to earn money ($0.5 to $1.5 million NPV) over the same period had a negative effect on FT reduction and carried a cost in terms of both FT reduction and LSF structure. Results suggest that the spatial scale at which silvicultural treatments were evaluated was influential because the lowest cost to the reserve objectives was accomplished by a mix of treatments that earned or lost money at the stand level but that collectivel broke even at the landscape scale. Results also indicate that the timeframe over which treatments were evaluated was important because if breaking even was required within each decade instead of cumulatively over all three, the cost in terms of FT reduction and LSF structure was similar to requiring landscape treatments to earn $0.5 million NPV. Full Article
ag Highways and Habitat: Managing Habitat Connectivity and Landscape Permeability For Wildlife By www.fs.fed.us Published On :: Fri, 20 Jan 2006 12:00:00 PST Millions of miles of highway crisscross the United States. Highways fragment the landscape, affecting the distribution of animal populations and limiting the ability of individuals to disperse between those populations. Moreover, animal-vehicle collisions are a serious hazard to wildlife, not to mention people. Full Article
ag The Pacific Northwest Research Station's Biodiversity Initiative: Collaborating For Biodiversity Management By www.fs.fed.us Published On :: Wed, 05 Apr 2006 15:25:36 PST The Pacific Northwest Research Station launched a Biodiversity Initiative to assist natural resource professionals in integrating complex biodiversity concepts into natural resource management processes. We canvassed clients from various affiliations to determine the main challenges they face in biodiversity management, to define their information needs, and to understand how best to deliver biodiversity information within a collaborative framework. The biodiversity management challenges that emerged included (1) the lack of well-defined biodiversity management policies, (2) understanding and quantifying the interaction effects between a number of factors (e.g., disturbance types, management practices) and biodiversity, (3) the lack of applied biodiversity monitoring strategies, (4) difficulty in locating and accessing biodiversity information, and (5) balancing conflicting values relating to biodiversity. We also list the biodiversity information product needs of clients, as well as preferred technology transfer methods, and we discuss the future direction of the Biodiversity Initiative. Full Article
ag WestProPlus: A Stochastic Spreadsheet Program For The Management of All-Aged Douglas-Fir-Hemlock Forests In The Pacific Northwest By www.fs.fed.us Published On :: Thu, 08 Jun 2006 14:00:36 PST WestProPlus is an add-in program developed to work with Microsoft Excel to simulate the growth and management of all-aged Douglas-fir-western hemlock (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco-Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) stands in Oregon and Washington. Its built-in growth model was calibrated from 2,706 permanent plots in the Douglas-fir-western hemlock forest type in Oregon and Washington. Stands are described by the number of trees per acre in each of nineteen 2-in diameter classes in four species groups: Douglas-fir, other shadeintolerant species, western hemlock, and other shade-tolerant species. WestProPlus allows managers to predict stand development by year and for many decades from a specific initial state. The simulations can be stochastic or deterministic. The stochastic simulations are based on bootstrapping of the observed errors in models of stand growth, timber prices, and interest rate. When used in stochastic simulations, this bootstrap technique simulates random variables by sampling randomly (with replacement) from actual observations of the variable, rather than from an assumed distribution. Users can choose cutting regimes by specifying the interval between harvests (cutting cycle) and a target distribution of trees remaining after harvest. A target distribution can be a reverse-J-shaped distribution or any other desired distribution. Diameterlimit cuts can also be simulated. Tabulated and graphic results show diameter distributions, basal area, volumes by log grade, income, net present value, and indices of stand diversity by species and size. This manual documents the program installation and activation, provides suggestions for working with Excel, and gives background information on West-ProPlus's models. It offers a comprehensive tutorial in the form of two practical examples that explain how to start the program, enter simulation data, execute a simulation, compare simulations, and plot summary statistics. Full Article
ag Alaska Communities and Forest Environments: A Problem Analysis and Research Agenda By www.fs.fed.us Published On :: Thu, 08 Jun 2006 14:40:36 PST This problem analysis describes a variety of human-resource interaction issues and identifies related social science research and development needs that serve as the foundation for the Alaska Communities and Forest Environments Team within the Pacific Northwest Research Station. The document lays out a research agenda that focuses on understanding relations between human communities and natural resources. Full Article
ag Does Wood Slow Down Sludge Dragons? The Interaction Between Riparian Zones and Debris Flows In Mountain Landscapes By www.fs.fed.us Published On :: Thu, 07 Sep 2006 12:00:36 PST Conservation measures for aquatic species throughout the Pacific Northwest rely heavily on maintaining forested riparian zones. A key rationale for this strategy is that the presence of standing and downed trees next to streams will provide a continuous source of wood, which is an important structural component of aquatic habitat. Full Article
ag Does It Work? Monitoring The Effectiveness of Stream Management Practices In Alaska By www.fs.fed.us Published On :: Thu, 07 Sep 2006 12:00:36 PST The condition of aquatic habitat and the health of aquatic species, particularly salmon, are a significant concern in the Pacific Northwest. Land management agencies use fish and riparian guidelines intended to maintain or improve aquatic habitat. Full Article
ag Broadening Participation In Biological Monitoring: Handbook For Scientists and Managers By www.fs.fed.us Published On :: Fri, 08 Sep 2006 12:00:00 PST Participatory (collaborative, multiparty, citizen, volunteer) monitoring is a process that has been increasing in popularity and use in both developing and industrialized societies over the last several decades. It reflects the understanding that natural resource decisions are more effective and less controversial when stakeholders who have an interest in the results are involved in the process. An adequate number of such projects have now been organized, tried, and evaluated such that sufficient information exists to recommend a comprehensive approach to implementing such processes. This handbook was written for managers and scientists in the United States who are contemplating a participatory approach to monitoring biological resources, especially biodiversity. It is designed as a how-to manual with discussions of relevant topics, checklists of important considerations to address, and resources for further information. Worksheets for developing, implementing, and evaluating a monitoring plan are posted on a companion Web site. The subject matter is divided into 3 stages of a monitoring project encompassing a total of 22 topical modules. These modules can be used in any sequence on an ongoing basis. Stages and modules include (1) planning-documentation, goals, indicators, collaboration, decisions, context, organization, participants, communication, incentives, design, and resources; (2) implementation-training, safety, fieldwork, sampling, data, and quality; and (3) followthrough-analysis, reporting, evaluation, and celebrations. Collaboration always involves colearning, so documenting choices, plans, and activities with the Web site worksheets is integral to the manual's effectiveness. Full Article
ag Regional Cost Information For Private Timberland Conversion and Management By www.fs.fed.us Published On :: Fri, 08 Sep 2006 12:00:00 PST Cost of private timber management practices in the United States are identified, and their relationship to timber production in general is highlighted. Costs across timber-producing regions and forest types are identified by forest type and timber management practices historically applied in each region. This includes cost estimates for activities such as forest establishment practices such as reforestation and afforestation on crop and pastureland. Establishment costs for reforestation in the Southern United States are less than in other regions, although regional differences in establishment costs are less evident in hardwood than in softwood stands. Also, included in the list of timber management costs ate the intermediate management treatments of precommercial thinning, herbicide, and fertilizer application. Intermediate management treatments are less costly in the southern United States than in other regions. Trends in timber management costs reported as part of the management costs reporting. Full Article
ag Learning To Manage A Complex Ecosystem: Adaptive Management and The Northwest Forest Plan By www.fs.fed.us Published On :: Mon, 16 Oct 2006 12:25:36 PST The Northwest Forest Plan (the Plan) identifies adaptive management as a central strategy for effective implementation. Despite this, there has been a lack of any systematic evaluation of its performance. Full Article
ag Society's Choices: Land Use Changes, Forest Fragmentation, and Conservation By www.fs.fed.us Published On :: Thu, 26 Oct 2006 12:00:36 PST Changing patterns of land use are at the heart of many environmental concerns regarding U.S. forest lands. Of all the human impacts to forests, development is one of the most significant because of the severity and permanency of the change. Full Article
ag Sustainable Forestry In Theory and Practice: Recent Advances In Inventory and Monitoring, Statistics and Modeling, Information and Knowledge Management, and Policy Science By www.fs.fed.us Published On :: Fri, 22 Dec 2006 12:00:00 PST The importance to society of environmental services, provided by forest ecosystems, has significantly increased during the last few decades. A growing global concern with the deterioration of forests, beginning perhaps most noticeably in the 1980s, has led to an increasing public awareness of the environmental, cultural, economic, and social values that forests provide. Around the world, ideas of sustainable, close-to-nature, and multi-functional forestry have progressively replaced the older perception of forests as only a source for timber. The international impetus to protect and sustainably manage forests has come from global initiatives at management, conservation, and sustainable development related to all types of forests and forestry. A few of the more notable initiatives include: the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, UNCED); regional follow-ups to the Earth Summit such as the Montreal Process and Helsinki Accords; the forest elements of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD); and the Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC). Full Article
ag Growth of Bear-Damaged Trees In A Mixed Plantation of Douglas-Fir and Red Alder By www.fs.fed.us Published On :: Fri, 02 Feb 2007 10:25:10 PST Incidence and effects of tree damage by black bear (Ursus americanus altifrontalis) in a 50-year-old, coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) plantation are described. Bears girdled or partially girdled 35 dominant or codominant Douglas-fir trees per acre, but only in that portion of the plantation that had been interplanted at age 4 with red alder (Alnus rubra Bong). No red alder were damaged. Bears damaged Douglas-fir in this stand on at least four occasions between 1929 (planting) and 1991. Fully girdled Douglas-fir (six per acre in 1976) died within 2 to 14 years. Of the 29 per acre partially girdled trees, 17 percent died in the 16 years of observation, compared to 9 percent of nondamaged trees. Crosssectional growth of surviving damaged trees exceeded that of matched, nondamaged trees by about 30 percent at three heights on the bole: 6 ft, 4.5 ft, and immediately above the damaged area. Death of six large Douglas-fir trees per acre reduced live stand volume of this species for about 6 years after bear damage until growth of the remaining trees compensated for the volume lost to mortality. Confirmation of the stimulating effects of bear damage on subsequent tree growth is needed at other locations. Full Article
ag Analytical and Decision Support For Managing Vegetation and Fuels: A Consumer Guide By www.fs.fed.us Published On :: Fri, 02 Feb 2007 10:45:00 PST Current efforts to improve the scientific basis for fire management on public lands will benefit from more efficient transfer of technical information and tools that support planning, implementation, and effectiveness of vegetation and hazardous fuel treatments. The technical scope, complexity, and relevant spatial scale of analytical and decision-support tools differ considerably, which provides a challenge to resource managers and other users who want to select tools appropriate for a particular application. This publication provides a state-of-science summary of tools currently available for management of vegetation and fuels. Detailed summaries include a description of each tool, location where it can be obtained, relevant spatial scale, level of user knowledge required, data requirements, model outputs, application in fuel treatments, linkage to other tools, and availability of training and support. Streamlined summaries in tabular format allow users to rapidly identify those tools that could potentially be applied to a specific management need. In addition, an interdisciplinary team process is described that facilitates application of tools and decisionmaking at different spatial scales. Full Article
ag Considering Communities In Forest Management Planning In Western Oregon By www.fs.fed.us Published On :: Tue, 20 Feb 2007 12:00:00 PST A recurrent theme in the development of U.S. forest policies has been the assertion of strong positive relations among communities, economies, and natural resource management. Now as a new round of federal land management planning is getting underway, questions are being raised about the strength of that assertion and how to view communities following a decade of reduced federal harvests. This report examines these questions considering the 433 communities in six Bureau of Land Management districts in western Oregon. It discusses the ways that forest-based communities have been considered in the context of federal forest management planning, and it summarizes information on socioeconomic conditions and trends for communities in western Oregon. Full Article
ag Managing For Wildlife Habitat In Westside Production Forests By www.fs.fed.us Published On :: Tue, 20 Feb 2007 12:00:00 PST On October 18, 2006, a workshop was held in Vancouver, WA, with the title "Managing for wildlife habitat in Westside production forests." The purpose of the workshop was to provide prescriptions and guidelines for people who manage Westside forests (those west of the Cascade Mountains' crest) primarily for wood production, but because of mandate or personal preference, want to integrate wildlife values. The audience included over 150 professionals from forest industry, consulting firms, and public and tribal forest and wildlife management agencies. This proceedings includes ten papers based on oral presentations at the workshop plus a synthesis paper summarizing workshop themes, discussions, and related information. Topics include a history of wildlife management research in the Pacific Northwest, elements of habitat and how to manage for them, the challenges of appropriately implementing ecosystem management, and economic implications to private forestland owners. Full Article
ag Linking Land-Use Projections and Forest Fragmentation Analysis By www.fs.fed.us Published On :: Tue, 20 Feb 2007 12:00:00 PST An econometric model of private land-use decisions is used to project land use to 2030 for each county in the continental United States. On a national scale, forest area is projected to increase overall between 0.1 and 0.2 percent per year between now and 2030. However, forest area is projected to decrease in a majority of regions, including the key forestry regions of the South and the Pacific Northwest Westside. Urban area is projected to increase by 68 million acres, and cropland, pasture, rangeland, and Conservation Reserve Program land is projected to decline in area. Regional econometric models are needed to better represent region-specific economic relationships. County-level models of forest fragmentation indices are estimated for the Western United States. The core forest model is found to perform better than the model of like adjacencies for forest land. A spatially detailed analysis of forest fragmentation in Polk County, Oregon, reveals that forests become more fragmented even though forest area increases. By linking the land-use projection and forest fragmentation models, we project increases in the average county shares of core forest in 8 of the 11 Western States. The average like adjacency measure increases in six of the states. The aggregate and spatially detailed fragmentation methods are compared by projecting the fragmentation indices to 2022 for Polk County, Oregon. Considerable differences in the results were produced with the two methods, especially in the case of the like adjacency metric. Full Article
ag Ecology and management of morels harvested from the forests of western North America. By www.fs.fed.us Published On :: Fri, 20 Apr 2007 10:40:00 PST Morels are prized edible mushrooms that fruit, sometimes prolifically, in many forest types throughout western North America. They are collected for personal consumption and commercially harvested as valuable special (nontimber) forest products. Large gaps remain, however, in our knowledge about their taxonomy, biology, ecology, cultivation, safety, and how to manage forests and harvesting activities to conserve morel populations and ensure sustainable crops. This publication provides forest managers, policymakers, mycologists, and mushroom harvesters with a synthesis of current knowledge regarding these issues, regional summaries of morel harvesting and management, and a comprehensive review of the literature. Full Article
ag Citizen-agency interactions in planning and decisionmaking after large wildfires By www.fs.fed.us Published On :: Thu, 16 Aug 2007 09:00:00 PST This report reviews the growing literature on the concept of agency-citizen interactions after large wildfires. Because large wildfires have historically occurred at irregular intervals, research from related fields has been reviewed where appropriate. This issue is particularly salient in the West where excess fuel conditions indicate that the large wildfires occurring in many states are expected to continue to be a major problem for forest managers in the coming years. This review focuses on five major themes that emerge from prior research: contextual considerations, barriers and obstacles, uncertainty and perceptions of risk, communication and outreach, and bringing communities together. It offers ideas on how forest managers can interact with stakeholders for planning and restoration activities after a large wildfire. Management implications are included. Full Article
ag Birds and burns of the interior West: descriptions, habitats, and management in western forests By www.fs.fed.us Published On :: Thu, 16 Aug 2007 09:00:00 PST This publication provides information about prescribed fire effects on habitats and populations of birds of the interior West and a synthesis of existing information on bird responses to fire across North America. Our literature synthesis indicated that aerial, ground, and bark insectivores favored recently burned habitats, whereas foliage gleaners preferred unburned habitats. Full Article
ag Stereo photo series for quantifying natural fuels Volume X: sagebrush with grass and ponderosa pine-juniper types in central Montana. By www.fs.fed.us Published On :: Mon, 30 Aug 2010 10:00:00 PST Two series of single and stereo photographs display a range of natural conditions and fuel loadings in sagebrush with grass and ponderosa pinejuniper types in central Montana. Each group of photos includes inventory information summarizing vegetation composition, structure, and loading; woody material loading and density by size class; forest floor depth and loading; and various site characteristics. The natural fuels photo series is designed to help land managers appraise fuel and vegetation conditions in natural settings. Full Article
ag Proceedings: national workshop on recreation research and management By www.fs.fed.us Published On :: Thu, 16 Aug 2007 09:30:00 PST Given increasing need and decreasing capacity, the Forest Service outdoor recreation research program must strategize how best to address current and future priorities. The papers compiled here were presented at the National Workshop on Recreation Research and Management held in Portland, Oregon, February 8-10, 2005. Papers are organized around four themes: Understanding Forest Recreation Visitors, Recreation Planning & Monitoring, Recreation Management, and Special Issues in Recreation. Full Article
ag A synthesis of the literature on the biology, ecology, and management of western hemlock dwarf mistletoe By www.fs.fed.us Published On :: Fri, 31 Aug 2007 08:45:00 PST Hemlock dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium tsugense [Rosendahl] G.N. Jones) is a small, inconspicuous parasite that has significant effects on tree growth and stand structure in coastal forest ecosystems of western North America. Most previous research focused on the effects of hemlock dwarf mistletoe on timber production. Previous clearcut harvesting of large areas that removed virtually all infected trees and forestry practices that established even-aged stands of trees effectively prevented or minimized future hemlock dwarf mistletoe impacts. Under this regime, further research on hemlock dwarf mistletoe was considered unnecessary. However, current forestry practices that restrict clearcut harvesting to small openings and retain live trees to preserve attributes of old-growth forests create conditions that appear highly favorable for enhanced seed production by hemlock dwarf mistletoe, early spread of the mistletoe to infect young trees, and, consequently, increased growth impacts to residual trees over time. More information is needed on the biology and impacts of hemlock dwarf mistletoe in coastal western hemlock retention harvested forests in the United States of America and Canada. Further work is recommended to develop sampling and monitoring procedures to determine hemlock dwarf mistletoe spread and impacts. We also need to investigate several unusual aspects of hemlock dwarf mistletoe biology and development such as long-distance seed dispersal and persistence in old-growth forests. Detailed tree, stand, and forest-level models are needed to monitor and project hemlock dwarf mistletoe effects over a wide range of ecological conditions and management regimes in coastal forests. Full Article
ag Saddle Bag Mountain Research Natural Area: guidebook supplement 34. By www.fs.fed.us Published On :: Mon, 29 Oct 2007 10:15:00 PST This guidebook describes the Saddle Bag Mountain Research Natural Area, a 121-ha (300-ac) tract established to represent an old-growth remnant of Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) forest in the Oregon Coast Range. Pacific silver fir and noble fir (Abies procera) occur as isolated remnants, and both species are approaching the southern limits of their natural range in the Oregon Coast Range. Full Article
ag Evaluation of landscape alternatives for managing oak at Tenalquot Prairie, Washington By www.fs.fed.us Published On :: Thu, 01 May 2008 08:15:00 PST In recent years, interest has increased in restoring Oregon white oak (Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook.) and prairie landscapes in the Pacific Northwest, especially where elements of historical plant communities are intact. We evaluated the effect of alternative management scenarios on the extent and condition of Oregon white oak, the extent of prairie, and the harvest and standing volumes of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) within a 2934-ha portion of Fort Lewis, Washington (named the Tenalquot Planning Area for the purpose of the project). A landscape-level analysis of the scenarios was completed using a geographic information system, a forest growth model (ORGANON), and landscape visualization software (EnVision). The scenarios ranged from no active management to restoration of the historical extent of oak and prairies within the planning area. The results indicate that the window of opportunity for restoring oak and prairie landscapes in the Puget Sound lowlands and other regions is small, and aggressive management is needed to maintain or enhance these landscapes. The project demonstrates the value of landscape level analyses and the use of new technologies for conveying the results of alternative management scenarios. Full Article
ag A protocol using coho salmon to monitor Tongass National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan standards and guidelines for fish habitat By www.fs.fed.us Published On :: Thu, 22 May 2008 14:00:00 PST We describe a protocol to monitor the effectiveness of the Tongass Land Management Plan (TLMP) management standards for maintaining fish habitat. The protocol uses juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in small tributary streams in forested watersheds. We used a 3-year pilot study to develop detailed methods to estimate juvenile salmonid populations, measure habitat, and quantitatively determine trends in juvenile coho salmon abundance over 10 years. Coho salmon have been shown to be sensitive to habitat alterations, and we use coho salmon parr as the primary indicator in the protocol. A priori criteria for type I and type II error rates, effect size, and sample sizes for the protocol were derived with estimates of variance computed from the 3-year pilot study. The protocol is designed to detect trends in abundance of coho salmon parr, as well as coho salmon fry and Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma), in small streams managed according to TLMP standards and guidelines and to compare these to trends in unmanaged (old-growth) watersheds. Trends are adjusted to account for statistically significant habitat covariates. This information provides an important element in monitoring land management practices in the Tongass National Forest. The methods we describe may have application to monitoring protocols elsewhere for fish populations and land management practices. Full Article