Proper analysis of the VFD’s power and control circuit diagrams is essential for successful troubleshooting. But before starting any analysis, you must know how your system connected through VFD works and how it breathes. You must also know all components... Read more

The post Inside Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) Panel: Configuration, Schematics and Troubleshooting appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

The countries of the European Economic Area (EEA) have agreed on common minimum regulatory requirements in order to ensure the free movement of products within the EEA. The CE marking indicates that the product works in conformity with the directives... Read more

The post EN61800-3 (IEC1800-3) – Adjustable speed electrical power drive systems appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

These standards are the whole of the prescriptions on the basis of which machines, apparatus, materials and the installations should be designed, manufactured and tested so that efficiency and function safety are ensured – and all according to the UK Electrical... Read more

The post UK Electrical Industry British Standards (BS) appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

District heating is a system which provides a number of buildings with heat from a central boiler plant through pre-insulated pipes. Pre-insulated pipes are in fact a modern kind of heat culvert or district heating duct, but since these systems... Read more

The post District heating – Heat from a central boiler plant appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

Jet Pumps are mounted above ground and lift the water out of the ground through a suction pipe. Jets are popular in areas with high water tables and warmer climates. There are two categories of jet pumps and pump selection... Read more

The post Jet pumps used for private well systems or low flow irrigation applications appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

Centrifugal water chillers comprise a significant portion of industrial and large commercial electrical load. These machines are efficient, typically producing a cooling effect two-to-three times greater than the required energy input. Centrifugal water systems were the focus of cholorfluorocarbon (CFC)... Read more

The post Tips For Successful Energy Efficiency Of Centrifugal Water Chillers appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

At its most basic, Solar Power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity; either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP). CSP systems use a combination of lenses/mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area... Read more

The post Solar Panels and Feed-in Tariffs – The Intricacies of Solar Power appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

Researches so far shows that, by 2020, around 20% of the total energy production worldwide will be generated from renewable energy. But the major problem with the standalone system is that the sources are not continuous. This intermittent nature of... Read more

The post Low voltage ride through in grid connected hybrid renewable energy systems appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

The present electric grids use the technology of 1970’s. But with the advancement in various concepts of power generation, problems associated with power outages and thefts, and also due to increase in demand, we require a modernized grid to avail... Read more

The post An Overview Of Smart Power Grid appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

Network planning Power electronics (HVDC/FACTS) Bulk renewable integration Energy Management System (EMS) Smart substation automation and protection Integrated Substation Condition Monitoring (ISCM) Communication Solutions Distribution Management System (DMS) Distribution automation and protection Distributed Energy Resources (DER) Decentralized Energy Management System... Read more

The post Smart Grids and The New Age of Energy appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

Modernization of the grid will increase the level of personal information detail available as well as the instances of collection, use and disclosure of personal information. Instead of measuring energy use at the end of each billing period, smart meters... Read more

The post Are you concerned about your privacy in Smart Grid? appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

A dizzying array of new energy technologies are reaching or nearing the marketplace. Newer choices to generate electricity include fuel cells, wind turbines, solar cells and microturbines. Energy storage is approaching practicality, for example through reversible fuel cells and flywheels.... Read more

The post In Front Of The Third Electrical Systems Revolution in United States appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

Severe weather is the single leading cause of power outages in the United States. Outages caused by severe weather such as thunderstorms, hurricanes and blizzards account for 58 percent of outages observed since 2002 and 87 percent of outages affecting... Read more

The post Billion Dollar Storms vs U.S. Electric Grid appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

The creation and delivery of power is one basic infrastructure expected by all modern industrial societies. Power distribution basics started in the US in the early 1900s when the first AC grid was established. Since 12 independent power grids were... Read more

The post Comparison of major power grid failures in US and around the world (1) appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

Continued from first part: Comparison of major grid failures in United States and around the world (part 1) On the International side, about 1/5 of the power outages (9 of 44) were not given a cause in the reports. A... Read more

The post Comparison of major power grid failures in US and around the world (2) appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

The smart network will set up a virtuous cycle for distributed generators and energy storage devices. It will grow the market by opening up more niches where distributed energy is economically competitive. This growth will lead to economies of scale... Read more

The post Driving Distributed Energy with Smart Networks appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

From a communication point of view, each system plays the role of either supplier or consumer of information, or more typically both. In addition to this intersystem communication, these systems consist of subsystems with specific internal communications. The following paragraphs... Read more

The post Conceptual Model of Smart Grid Framework by IEC appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

Power utilities use telecommunication systems either as a support for grid assets’ operation or as the enabler for voice communications among operating staff. The main objective of utility telecommunications is to connect remote premises and staff with central premises and... Read more

The post Five telecommunication systems embedded in smart grid applications and services appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

This article will analyze a real example of an electrical switchboard for a potable water well pump, containing a soft starter as one of the major components. Besides the explanation of the wiring diagram and working logic, some technical problems... Read more

The post Soft starter for potable water well pump (wiring diagram, troubleshooting example) appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

MC Ride catalogs the paranoia and police brutality that drove him to the insanity the song exemplifies.

Power can be provided from mains power or from local gas turbines or diesel generator sets. Large facilities have high power demands, from 30 MW and upwards to several hundred MW. There is a tendency to generate electric power centrally... Read more

The post Typical electrical distribution scheme and SCADA system of an oil/gas production plant appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

The printable daily warm-up helps students master important reading skills with a passage on American history and reading comprehension questions about Betsy Ross.

Nowadays, when we all see and feel the colossal crisis looming on the horizon, the question of energy security is among the first things on the table in each country’s management. It’s now essential more than ever for each country... Read more

The post Electrical engineering for hydropower, from run-of-river to pumped storage plants appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

Passengers will be able to use their mobile phones as tickets from this spring London, 23rd April 2014 – Thames Clippers today announced that they have signed a five year contract with Masabi, the leader in mobile ticketing and payments for transit, to bring smartphone ticketing to its River Bus […]

The post Thames Clippers and Masabi to Launch Mobile Ticketing on Central London River Bus Services appeared first on Masabi.

Most compensation banks are controlled stepwise. For this purpose it is essential to ‘know’ when it is allowed to (de)activate a capacitor step by the power factor relay (controller). The so-called C/k value is calculated by the step size C... Read more

The post How To Control Reactive Power In Larger Electrical Plants With Multiple Incomers appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

This article provides guidance on how to conduct gas monitoring and explains the various alerts that can be set. The many sorts of defects that might lead to partial discharges are discussed, and various partial discharge measuring techniques are described,... Read more

The post SF6 Gas Monitoring and Alarming Practices in Gas-Insulated Switchgear (GIS) Systems appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

Acquiring the skill to operate a nuclear reactor bears resemblance to acquiring the skill to pilot an aircraft. The majority of airplane pilots rapidly acquire proficiency in performing take-offs and landings. The process that requires significant time and exertion, particularly... Read more

The post What can go wrong with the nuclear power plant in the case of a grid loss: What to do? appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

The Substation Automation Systems, often known as SASs, are responsible for a tremendous variety of tasks. These include some extremely important actions, such as clearing faults in a timely manner in order to maintain the physical condition of power system... Read more

The post The true art of control, monitoring and protection provided by Substation Automation Systems appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

I have had a few complaints about swearing in the forum, even though the posts were legitimate questions about the use of slang and swearwords. There aren't that many threads dealing with these, but some of them do contain language that somewould consider to be extreme and taboo.

I left the UK in 2004. There are jobs currently advertised that pay the same, or in some cases 10% less, than I was earning then. Add even a very small amount of inflation and this makes for a huge drop in spending power. The average salary that people talk about in Japan today is the same as when I first visited Japan in 2005. I saw hourly rates in Portugal, where I first taught, a decade later that were the same as when I left.

This technical article aims to delve into various aspects of electrical connectivity, symbol representation, and isolation methodologies, shedding light on fundamental concepts and practical applications within the field. From the intricacies of electrical connection and circuit topology to the symbolism... Read more

The post Mastering Electrical Connectivity: From Circuit Topology to Switching Classifications appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

Every nation has numerous vital facilities that are largely dependent on electricity to function. Infrastructures that are critical to a quick response to outages include the public health system, the communications sector, and government services like emergency first responders. Nonetheless,... Read more

The post How (should) power utilities handle grid failures by utilizing mobile substations appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

A black start refers to the ability of a power plant to restart itself using its own resources in the event of a complete shutdown and isolation from external power sources. Initiating a black start at an industrial plant might... Read more

The post Design engineering and the black start of a power plant appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

This article aims to cover the activity of electrical commissioning. Such a task in its entirety would be immense. Commissioning can mean many things in different instances. This article aims to give a philosophical and high level conceptual overview of... Read more

The post The Challenging Job of an Electrical Commissioning Engineer (Activities and Real World Examples) appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

Substation earthing, or grounding, is essential for electrical safety and reliability in substations, which are critical nodes in the power distribution network. Proper earthing ensures safe dissipation of fault currents into the ground, preventing dangerous voltage build-ups that could cause... Read more

The post Mechanical Check, Visual Inspection and Electrical Test of the Substation Grounding System (1) appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

The objective of the site inspection and test plan for testing and commissioning is to establish a comprehensive framework for conducting site testing and commissioning activities. It’s as simple as that! The site testing and commissioning of a transmission or... Read more

The post Dos and don’ts in site testing and commissioning distribution and transmission plants appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

Nowadays, the enormous energy consumption worldwide has taken a downturn due to the hiking energy prices. Whether it’s gas, oil, or coal, the rising costs forced many facilities worldwide to cut their energy expenses. This is a good moment to... Read more

The post How should facilities optimize their power consumption due to the hiking energy prices? appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

Since the subject of this article is somewhat not-that-easy to understand, I suggest starting with the basics of the synchronous motor. In the synchronous motor, the basic magnetic field is obtained by direct current excitation rather than through the air... Read more

The post The art of achieving synchronous motor transient stability (especially in weak grids) appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

In the domain of electrical engineering, seal-in contacts stand as pivotal components in control circuits, ensuring the sustained operation of electrical devices beyond the initial activation. These mechanisms play a critical role in maintaining the energized state of circuit elements,... Read more

The post Mastering schematic drawings: Analyzing seal-in contacts in motor control circuits appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

To be honest, expertise in relay systems is fundamental for comprehension and creativity in circuits design. From bi-stable relays that maintain their states without continuous power to step relays facilitating incremental changes, and lockout relays guarding against unauthorized reenergization, each... Read more

The post The analysis of relay control systems: Electrical schematics with latch, step and lockout relays appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

The accurate measurement of the voltage, current or other parameter of a power system is a prerequisite to any form of control, ranging from automatic closed-loop control to the recording of data for statistical purposes. Measurement of these parameters can... Read more

The post How to make the right selection of a digital transducer for power system measurements appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

Energy meters are one of the most important components for monitoring and data acquisition in a power system network with roles in every part of the power system network, from the generation to the commercialized end-users, through multiple transmission and... Read more

The post Energy metering in LV/MV substations and utilities: Dos and don’ts in installation and operation appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

The MCT is type of power semiconductor device that combines the capabilities of thyristor voltage and current with MOS gated turn-on and turn-off. It is a high power, high frequency, low conduction drop and a rugged device, which is more... Read more

The post The Future of MOS-Controlled Thyristor (MCT) appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

Most modern electronic equipment uses switched mode power supplies (SMPS) which draw pulses of current from the mains supply rather than a continuous sinusoidal current. The fast rise time edges of the current waveform contain high frequencies that can cause serious radio frequency... Read more

The post Few advice for improving integrity of protective conductor appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

On the outset, it may be due to wheels as in the case of an automobile. What actually drives these movements, though, are motors. Additionally, many household appliances such refrigerators, air-conditioners, ventilation fans, washers, driers and so many others all... Read more

The post Yup, it’s the motor drive that makes systems in motion all around us appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

This technical article covers some specific considerations (modern power supply, electric distribution, transportation, lighting controls, and communication systems) for a few most common type of commercial facilities such as banks, colleges and universities, fire stations, health care facilities and office... Read more

The post Specific electrical design tips for a few most common types of commercial facilities appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

In order to create a consistent and technically correct single line or wiring diagram, more than basic knowledge about the engineering field in question is required. Besides electrical installation and equipment, the design engineers should be familiar with electrical symbols... Read more

The post Eight common mistakes in reading and creating single line and wiring diagrams appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

Why are power engineers interested in plant power factor, what causes low power factor, and how can it be improved? The objectives of this article are to answer these questions briefly and to include handy application information for power-factor problems.... Read more

The post Why should plant engineers be worried about the power factor? What’s the catch? appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

The first protection devices based on microprocessors were employed in 1985. The widespread acceptance of numerical technology by the customer and the experiences of the user helped in developing the second generation numerical relays in 1990. Modem power system protection... Read more

The post The facts about numerical relays that every electrical engineer should know appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

Learning and studying have never been easier than nowadays. Since we started the EEP Academy, there are thousands of electrical engineers, students, technicians, and many others who are literally hungry for knowledge and experience. This is where EEP’s contribution comes... Read more

The post Top ten courses on EEP Academy for electrical engineers, technicians and students appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.