ee Super tough seed coat keeps Michaux’s sumac on critically endangered list By insider.si.edu Published On :: Thu, 13 Oct 2011 16:16:54 +0000 It is one of the rarest shrubs in the southeastern United States but for scientists trying to save it, the critically endangered Michaux’s sumac (Rhus michauxii) is not cooperating. The post Super tough seed coat keeps Michaux’s sumac on critically endangered list appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Plants Science & Nature conservation conservation biology endangered species National Museum of Natural History
ee Warming climate unlikely to cause near-term extinction of ancient Amazon trees, study says By insider.si.edu Published On :: Tue, 18 Dec 2012 15:37:26 +0000 A new genetic analysis has revealed that many Amazon tree species are likely to survive human-caused climate warming in the coming century, contrary to previous findings that temperature increases would cause them to die out. The post Warming climate unlikely to cause near-term extinction of ancient Amazon trees, study says appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Plants Science & Nature carbon dioxide climate change conservation biology Ecuador extinction greenhouse gas Peru South America Tropical Research Institute
ee Wild ginseng in steep decline in Maryland, survey reveals: Q&A with Smithsonian botanist Christopher Puttock By insider.si.edu Published On :: Fri, 04 Jan 2013 18:04:21 +0000 Despite many laws to protect it, a new survey reveals wild ginseng in Maryland is on the decline. The post Wild ginseng in steep decline in Maryland, survey reveals: Q&A with Smithsonian botanist Christopher Puttock appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Plants Q & A Science & Nature conservation biology endangered species extinction National Museum of Natural History
ee Going for the gut: DNA from beetle stomachs reveals complex network By insider.si.edu Published On :: Tue, 12 Mar 2013 12:59:39 +0000 Going for the gut will soon become standard protocol for scientists working to unravel the complex living web of interactions between plants and animals on […] The post Going for the gut: DNA from beetle stomachs reveals complex network appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Plants Q & A Research News Science & Nature biodiversity climate change conservation biology extinction insects National Museum of Natural History
ee Loss of animals spells doom for diversity of rainforest trees By insider.si.edu Published On :: Fri, 07 Jun 2013 15:12:33 +0000 Soon after a dirt road through the forests of Lambir Hills National Park in Borneo was improved in 1987, local markets selling the meat of […] The post Loss of animals spells doom for diversity of rainforest trees appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Plants Research News Science & Nature biodiversity birds Center for Tropical Forest Science climate change conservation conservation biology Forest Global Earth Observatory mammals rain forests Tropical Research Institute
ee Climate change conundrum: Invasive reed makes much more methane By insider.si.edu Published On :: Mon, 17 Jun 2013 14:17:10 +0000 Phragmites australis, the common reed, has been a component of North American marshes for thousands of years. However, a novel genetic lineage, Phragmites australis australis, […] The post Climate change conundrum: Invasive reed makes much more methane appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Marine Science Plants Research News Science & Nature biodiversity carbon dioxide climate change conservation biology greenhouse gas invasive species Smithsonian Environmental Research Center
ee Caught on camera: Despite hard shells pollen sticks to South African beetles By insider.si.edu Published On :: Fri, 02 Aug 2013 13:04:05 +0000 Smooth and shiny, the tough body of the South African beetle Pedinorrhina trivittata, a flower eater, appears to be a non-inviting surface for pollen grains […] The post Caught on camera: Despite hard shells pollen sticks to South African beetles appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Plants Research News Science & Nature bees biodiversity conservation conservation biology endangered species insects National Museum of Natural History pollination
ee Q&A: Katie Cramer on the long term human impact on coral reefs in Caribbean Panama By insider.si.edu Published On :: Wed, 07 Aug 2013 18:46:33 +0000 Katie Cramer is a MarineGEO Post-Doctoral Fellow and travels to Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama throughout the year to conduct research. Her recent paper […] The post Q&A: Katie Cramer on the long term human impact on coral reefs in Caribbean Panama appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Anthropology Marine Science Plants Q & A Science & Nature biodiversity Caribbean climate change conservation coral reefs endangered species pollution Tropical Research Institute
ee Beetle moms show clear signs of maternal instincts and care By insider.si.edu Published On :: Fri, 27 Sep 2013 15:41:10 +0000 Hidden in the thick foliage of tropical forests a subfamily of colorful beetles–the Chrysomelidae–may be hiding the secrets to the earliest stages of social behavior. […] The post Beetle moms show clear signs of maternal instincts and care appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Plants Research News Science & Nature conservation biology insects Tropical Research Institute
ee Ancient algal ‘tree rings’ show dramatic decline in Arctic and sub-Arctic sea ice By insider.si.edu Published On :: Tue, 19 Nov 2013 16:26:31 +0000 An ancient new player has entered the debate over global warming and it is pink. Labrador fishermen call them “red rocks” because underwater they resemble […] The post Ancient algal ‘tree rings’ show dramatic decline in Arctic and sub-Arctic sea ice appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Marine Science Plants Research News Science & Nature carbon dioxide climate change conservation biology National Museum of Natural History rocks & minerals
ee Mangroves creep north in response to warmer temperatures By insider.si.edu Published On :: Thu, 02 Jan 2014 11:43:21 +0000 As mangrove trees lose ground to deforestation and urban sprawl, one development seems to be giving them a boost: climate change. Fewer winter cold snaps […] The post Mangroves creep north in response to warmer temperatures appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Marine Science Plants Research News Science & Nature biodiversity carbon dioxide Center for Tropical Forest Science climate change conservation conservation biology Smithsonian Environmental Research Center
ee Trees grow faster and store more carbon as they age By insider.si.edu Published On :: Wed, 15 Jan 2014 20:02:56 +0000 Trees put on weight faster and faster as they grow older, according to a new study in the journal Nature. The finding that most trees’ […] The post Trees grow faster and store more carbon as they age appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Plants Research News Science & Nature biodiversity carbon dioxide climate change conservation conservation biology Tropical Research Institute
ee Greenhouse “time machine” sheds light on corn domestication By insider.si.edu Published On :: Fri, 31 Jan 2014 15:31:53 +0000 By simulating the environment when corn was first exploited by people and then domesticated, Smithsonian scientists discovered that corn’s ancestor; a wild grass called teosinte, […] The post Greenhouse “time machine” sheds light on corn domestication appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Plants Research News Science & Nature archaeology biodiversity carbon dioxide climate change conservation conservation biology South America Tropical Research Institute
ee Diverse forests are stronger against deer By insider.si.edu Published On :: Tue, 08 Apr 2014 23:15:19 +0000 In deer-populated forests, tastier plants can avoid being eaten if they are surrounded by less appealing plants. But with deer gone, diverse plots become weaker […] The post Diverse forests are stronger against deer appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Plants Research News Science & Nature biodiversity climate change conservation conservation biology mammals Smithsonian Environmental Research Center
ee Shade-grown coffee plantations are mammal friendly as well, study shows By insider.si.edu Published On :: Tue, 28 Oct 2014 18:50:48 +0000 Scientists have long known that in the tropics shade-grown coffee plantations provide critical habitat for migratory and resident birds. Now a new survey conducted in […] The post Shade-grown coffee plantations are mammal friendly as well, study shows appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Plants Research News Science & Nature agriculture biodiversity birds camera traps climate change conservation conservation biology endangered species food history mammals Migratory Bird Center Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute Smithsonian's National Zoo
ee Sweet life: tropical plants attract ants with sugary nectar By insider.si.edu Published On :: Fri, 27 Feb 2015 15:43:57 +0000 Scientific inspiration springs from many sources. In the case of Smithsonian botanist David Kenfack, ant bites were the inspiration for a recent paper he co-authored […] The post Sweet life: tropical plants attract ants with sugary nectar appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Plants Research News Science & Nature biodiversity Center for Tropical Forest Science conservation biology Forest Global Earth Observatory insects Tropical Research Institute
ee Washington, D.C.’s Cherry Trees are Very Good at Planning for the Future By insider.si.edu Published On :: Thu, 09 Apr 2015 15:45:43 +0000 On March 26, 1912, a donation from Japan arrived in Washington, D.C.―3,020 ornamental cherry trees, sparking one of the biggest springtime annual attractions in the […] The post Washington, D.C.’s Cherry Trees are Very Good at Planning for the Future appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Plants Research News Science & Nature
ee Sweet survival: Some birds have a sugar edge By insider.si.edu Published On :: Tue, 02 Jun 2015 14:48:20 +0000 For Smithsonian ornithologist Gary Graves it was a captivating spectacle. At an outdoor café in Kingston, Jamaica, Graves watched three mornings in a row as […] The post Sweet survival: Some birds have a sugar edge appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Plants Q & A Research News Science & Nature birds conservation biology migratory birds National Museum of Natural History South America
ee Analysis: Many tropical tree species have yet to be discovered By insider.si.edu Published On :: Fri, 05 Jun 2015 12:54:45 +0000 A global analysis raises the minimum estimated number of tropical tree species to at least 40,000–53,000 worldwide in a paper appearing in Proceedings of the […] The post Analysis: Many tropical tree species have yet to be discovered appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Plants Research News Science & Nature Center for Tropical Forest Science climate change conservation conservation biology Forest Global Earth Observatory new species Tropical Research Institute
ee Tiny, fierce and disappearing: breeding program aims to help the loggerhead shrike By insider.si.edu Published On :: Tue, 16 Jun 2015 12:45:52 +0000 Residents of the southeastern United States might occasionally come across an oddity along a barbed-wire fence: a series of insects, mice or even small birds […] The post Tiny, fierce and disappearing: breeding program aims to help the loggerhead shrike appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Plants Research News Science & Nature birds conservation conservation biology endangered species Migratory Bird Center Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute
ee Meet the (flea) beetles! New species By insider.si.edu Published On :: Thu, 03 Sep 2015 11:54:18 +0000 Nausea, vomiting and weakness are but a few of the symptoms one might anticipate after eating leaves from the Taiwanese shrub Erycibe henryi. This wild […] The post Meet the (flea) beetles! New species appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Plants Q & A Research News Science & Nature insects National Museum of Natural History new species
ee Agustín Stahl: Scientist Who Introduced the “Arbol de Navidad” (Christmas Tree) to Puerto Rico By insider.si.edu Published On :: Wed, 23 Dec 2015 20:54:12 +0000 Ubiquitous as they may be today, the origin of the Christmas tree is unknown to most. The tradition of decorating a tree, usually an evergreen […] The post Agustín Stahl: Scientist Who Introduced the “Arbol de Navidad” (Christmas Tree) to Puerto Rico appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article History & Culture Plants Science & Nature biodiversity conservation conservation biology National Museum of Natural History
ee Trees employ similar strategies to outcompete their neighbors By insider.si.edu Published On :: Thu, 07 Jan 2016 20:20:25 +0000 How more than 1,000 tree species may occur in a small area of forest in Amazonia or Borneo is an unsolved mystery. Their ability to […] The post Trees employ similar strategies to outcompete their neighbors appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Plants Research News Science & Nature Spotlight biodiversity carbon dioxide Center for Tropical Forest Science climate change conservation conservation biology endangered species Tropical Research Institute
ee Deer Discovery: Invasive Plants Get Boost from too Many Deer By insider.si.edu Published On :: Fri, 06 May 2016 16:40:29 +0000 New results from a long-term Smithsonian study are providing strong evidence of the dramatic impact high numbers of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are having upon […] The post Deer Discovery: Invasive Plants Get Boost from too Many Deer appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Earth Science Plants Research News Science & Nature birds conservation biology invasive species mammals Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute Smithsonian's National Zoo
ee Discovery: Rising CO2 depletes pollen’s nutritional potency, bees suffer By insider.si.edu Published On :: Wed, 01 Jun 2016 17:52:31 +0000 Unless you’ve been living under a rock for the last few years, you’ve doubtless caught at least a passing reference to the plight of the […] The post Discovery: Rising CO2 depletes pollen’s nutritional potency, bees suffer appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Earth Science Plants Research News Science & Nature biodiversity carbon dioxide climate change conservation biology insects National Museum of Natural History
ee Next Engineering Revolution Is Hiding in Museum Collections By insider.si.edu Published On :: Fri, 10 Jun 2016 18:00:21 +0000 Engineers shouldn’t have to reinvent the wheel—or wings, or sonar systems—when mother nature has already done much of the heavy design work. In fact, finding […] The post Next Engineering Revolution Is Hiding in Museum Collections appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Plants Science & Nature bats birds digitization insects mammals National Museum of Natural History
ee Study: Managed beehives can discourage crop-raiding elephants By insider.si.edu Published On :: Wed, 20 Jul 2016 16:41:11 +0000 Strategically placed honeybee hives can deter African elephants from raiding crops, but the hives must be actively managed by beekeepers to work, according to a […] The post Study: Managed beehives can discourage crop-raiding elephants appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Plants Research News Science & Nature Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute Smithsonian's National Zoo
ee Recent Connection Between North and South America Reaffirmed By insider.si.edu Published On :: Fri, 19 Aug 2016 08:28:14 +0000 Long ago, one great ocean flowed between North and South America. When the narrow Isthmus of Panama joined the continents about 3 million years ago, […] The post Recent Connection Between North and South America Reaffirmed appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Earth Science Plants Research News Science & Nature carbon dioxide Caribbean climate change prehistoric Tropical Research Institute
ee Ant bridges connect tropical tree crowns By insider.si.edu Published On :: Wed, 16 Nov 2016 18:45:42 +0000 Internet and phone connections are essential for effective communicators and for success in business. New results from the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama show […] The post Ant bridges connect tropical tree crowns appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Earth Science Plants Research News Science & Nature ants insects Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
ee 3D study of teeth in modern mammals opens window to extinct animal diets By insider.si.edu Published On :: Mon, 21 Nov 2016 19:39:06 +0000 By charting the slopes and crags on animals’ teeth as if they were mountain ranges, scientists at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History have […] The post 3D study of teeth in modern mammals opens window to extinct animal diets appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Dinosaurs & Fossils Plants Research News Science & Nature
ee Newly named, Hawaiian tree species already critically endangered By insider.si.edu Published On :: Thu, 05 Jan 2017 17:51:55 +0000 A newly discovered Hawaiian tree recently had the distinction of being added to the International Union for the Conservation of Nature’s Red List of Critically […] The post Newly named, Hawaiian tree species already critically endangered appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals History & Culture Marine Science Plants Science & Nature Spotlight biodiversity birds climate change conservation biology endangered species extinction National Museum of Natural History new species
ee Dormant Orchids Need Fungi to Rise Again By insider.si.edu Published On :: Fri, 06 Jan 2017 17:11:59 +0000 If you are a plant, when life aboveground turns harsh, you have few options. Some orchids respond by going dormant, spending years to decades underground […] The post Dormant Orchids Need Fungi to Rise Again appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Earth Science Plants Research News Science & Nature biodiversity conservation biology endangered species fungi orchids Smithsonian Environmental Research Center
ee Measuring trees with the speed of sound By insider.si.edu Published On :: Mon, 09 Jan 2017 18:04:23 +0000 Living trees can rot from the inside out, leaving only a hollowed trunk. Wood rot in living trees can cause overestimates of global carbon pools, […] The post Measuring trees with the speed of sound appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Earth Science Plants Research News Science & Nature carbon dioxide climate change Tropical Research Institute
ee Microbes rule in ‘knee-high tropical rainforests’ By insider.si.edu Published On :: Fri, 13 Jan 2017 12:37:29 +0000 Rainforests on infertile wet soils support more than half of all plant species. Shrublands on infertile dry soils in southwestern Australia, jokingly called “knee-high tropical […] The post Microbes rule in ‘knee-high tropical rainforests’ appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Earth Science Plants Research News Science & Nature fungi Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
ee Coral reefs grow faster, healthier when parrotfish are abundant By insider.si.edu Published On :: Mon, 23 Jan 2017 20:07:05 +0000 Caribbean coral reefs have become biologically and economically degraded habitats. The relative weight of the big factors in this ecological catastrophe–pollution, overfishing, warming and ocean […] The post Coral reefs grow faster, healthier when parrotfish are abundant appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Marine Science Plants Science & Nature Spotlight biodiversity conservation conservation biology fishes Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Tropical Research Institute
ee Of mice and macchiato: Bird Friendly coffee gives a paw-up to small mammals as well By insider.si.edu Published On :: Wed, 01 Mar 2017 14:47:09 +0000 Finding a mouse in your morning coffee might give you an unwelcome jolt, but there’s a strong connection between small mammals, birds and the plantations […] The post Of mice and macchiato: Bird Friendly coffee gives a paw-up to small mammals as well appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Plants Research News Science & Nature birds endangered species mammals Migratory Bird Center Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute Smithsonian's National Zoo
ee Beetle and pollen trapped in 105 million-year-old amber reveal fourth major pollination mode in mid-Mesozoic By insider.si.edu Published On :: Thu, 02 Mar 2017 17:00:43 +0000 Named for Charles Darwin, the only known specimen of a newly discovered beetle, Darwinylus marcosi, died in a sticky battle in a gob of tree […] The post Beetle and pollen trapped in 105 million-year-old amber reveal fourth major pollination mode in mid-Mesozoic appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Dinosaurs & Fossils Earth Science Plants Research News Science & Nature biodiversity insects National Museum of Natural History pollination
ee Dead Zones May Threaten Coral Reefs Worldwide By insider.si.edu Published On :: Tue, 21 Mar 2017 13:01:46 +0000 Dead zones affect dozens of coral reefs around the world and threaten hundreds more according to a new study by Smithsonian scientists published in the […] The post Dead Zones May Threaten Coral Reefs Worldwide appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Earth Science Marine Science Plants Research News Science & Nature Spotlight biodiversity carbon dioxide climate change coral reefs Tropical Research Institute
ee Coral reef eavesdropping unveils burrowed, romantic male singers By insider.si.edu Published On :: Mon, 07 Aug 2017 13:29:30 +0000 Coral reefs are home to some of the most colorful, diverse life on the planet. And yet, for all their fame as biodiversity hotspots, it’s […] The post Coral reef eavesdropping unveils burrowed, romantic male singers appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Marine Science Plants Research News Science & Nature Chesapeake Bay Smithsonian Environmental Research Center
ee The beautiful and bizarre treehopper By insider.si.edu Published On :: Mon, 28 Aug 2017 18:46:37 +0000 When a mosquito lands and begins to feed, the saliva it deposits in the skin stops blood from coagulating and makes the bite itch. A […] The post The beautiful and bizarre treehopper appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Plants Q & A Research News Science & Nature insects National Museum of Natural History
ee Remarkable new tree species was “hidden in plain sight” in the Andes By insider.si.edu Published On :: Wed, 13 Sep 2017 17:04:47 +0000 Hidden in plain sight–that’s how researchers describe their discovery of a new genus of large forest tree commonly found, yet previously scientifically unknown, in the […] The post Remarkable new tree species was “hidden in plain sight” in the Andes appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Plants Research News Science & Nature National Museum of Natural History new species
ee Study reveals soil fungi has final say in survival of seeds from tropical trees By insider.si.edu Published On :: Thu, 05 Oct 2017 17:56:00 +0000 How specific fungi interact with seeds in tropical forest soils may be the ultimate arbiter in the struggle for survival among tropical trees. “Depending on […] The post Study reveals soil fungi has final say in survival of seeds from tropical trees appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Earth Science Plants Research News Science & Nature fungi Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
ee Too many hungry deer are lowering diversity of native plants in eastern U.S. forests By insider.si.edu Published On :: Tue, 17 Oct 2017 12:37:31 +0000 White-tailed deer don’t like to eat the invasive plants Japanese stilt grass, garlic mustard or barberry. Native oak seedlings and tulip poplar, on the other […] The post Too many hungry deer are lowering diversity of native plants in eastern U.S. forests appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Plants Research News Science & Nature Spotlight Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute Smithsonian Environmental Research Center
ee For millions of years these tiny beetles have chewed their way out of sight By insider.si.edu Published On :: Fri, 16 Mar 2018 15:24:57 +0000 Camouflage is a valuable survival strategy—just ask a chameleon. Scientists have just discovered a new form of mimicry camouflage: beetles that hide by chewing beetle-shaped […] The post For millions of years these tiny beetles have chewed their way out of sight appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Plants Science & Nature National Museum of Natural History
ee Behind the scenes in the restaurant kitchen that feeds the National Zoo’s residents By insider.si.edu Published On :: Tue, 12 Jun 2018 11:40:02 +0000 “One cannot think well, love well, sleep well if one has not dined well,” Virginia Woolf once said. Woolf’s sentiment is one that the staff […] The post Behind the scenes in the restaurant kitchen that feeds the National Zoo’s residents appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Plants Science & Nature Smithsonian's National Zoo
ee Sneak Peek: David H. Koch Hall of Fossils By insider.si.edu Published On :: Tue, 17 Jul 2018 17:34:39 +0000 Life and the Earth have always evolved together. When it opens on June 8, 2019, the David H. Koch Hall of Fossils — Deep Time […] The post Sneak Peek: David H. Koch Hall of Fossils appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Dinosaurs & Fossils Earth Science History & Culture Marine Science Plants Science & Nature Video National Museum of Natural History
ee See thousands of orchids in incredible detail in the Smithsonian’s newly digitized collection By insider.si.edu Published On :: Thu, 02 Aug 2018 20:16:08 +0000 No green thumb? You don’t need to water these dazzling orchids to enjoy them. More than 8,000 living specimens in the Smithsonian Gardens Orchid Collection […] The post See thousands of orchids in incredible detail in the Smithsonian’s newly digitized collection appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Plants Research News Science & Nature Smithsonian Gardens
ee Crape myrtle trees aren’t native to the US, but hungry native birds still find them tasty By insider.si.edu Published On :: Wed, 26 Sep 2018 15:24:27 +0000 Each year from summer into fall, ornamental crape myrtle trees in the southern and central U.S. lay out a visual feast of vibrant flowers in […] The post Crape myrtle trees aren’t native to the US, but hungry native birds still find them tasty appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Plants Research News Science & Nature birds conservation biology invasive species National Museum of Natural History
ee Need help! Win64/CrypInject!MTB By www.bleepingcomputer.com Published On :: 2020-05-09T03:26:25-05:00 Full Article
ee Report of the Executive Committee for 2017 By scripts.iucr.org Published On :: 2019-01-01 The report of the Executive Committee for 2017 is presented. Full Article text