A plasma processor, including a first gas supplier to supply first gas to the inside of a vacuum vessel, a stage on which a wafer is placed, an electromagnetic wave supplier to supply electromagnetic waves for generating first plasma, a susceptor provided to an outer peripheral portion of the stage, a second high frequency power source connected to the susceptor, and a second gas supplier to supply second gas to the inside of the susceptor. The inside of the susceptor is provided with a high frequency electrode connected to the second high frequency power source and a first earth electrode disposed opposite to the high frequency electrode. The second high frequency power source supplies high frequency power while the second gas supplier supplies the second gas, thereby generating second plasma inside the susceptor.

A dry etching apparatus includes a process chamber, a stage, a gas supply device and a plasma generating device. The stage is in the process chamber and is configured to support a wafer, wherein the wafer has a center region and a periphery region surrounding the center region. The gas supply device is configured to supply a first flow of an etching gas to the center region and supply a second flow of the etching gas to the periphery region. The plasma generating device is configured to generate plasma from the etching gas.

The present invention provides a temperature adjusting apparatus for a focus ring, wherein heat radiated from the plasma onto the focus ring is transferred downward to a base through the first heat conducting pad contacting a lower surface of the focus ring, an insulating ring contacting a lower surface of the first heat conducting pad, and the second heat conducting pad contacting a lower surface of the insulating ring, so as to be cooled by a cooling system provided at the base; turning on a heater disposed in a grounded shielding ring to generate a controllable external heating source, heat from the heater being transferred to the focus ring through the shielding ring, a third heat conducting pad contacting the shielding ring, the insulating ring contacting the third heat conducting pad, and the first heat conducting pad, so as to perform controllable warming to the focus ring. By providing a good heat conduction path in conjunction with controllable heating power, the present invention achieves a fine control of the working temperature of the focus ring such that it is tunable in processing such as etching, thereby satisfying processing demands.

The present invention discloses a multi-zone active-matrix temperature control system, the control system having a temperature control matrix and a gate driver; the temperature control matrix comprising: N*M temperature control modules forming a N-row M-column matrix, a power supply line, and a power return line; each temperature control module comprising: a temperature control unit adapts to be heated up by electrical power for temperature controlling; a semiconductor switch provided with a gate electrode connected with the gate driver, two ends of the gate, which turn on or off, being connected with the power supply line, and with the power return line through the temperature control unit, respectively. In the temperature control matrix, one ends, which are connected with a power return line, of the temperature control units of temperature control modules in a same row or same column are serially connected, and connected with the power supply line; one ends, which are connected with the power supply line, of the semiconductor switches of the temperature control modules at a same row or a same column are serially connected, and connected with the power supply line. The present invention may precisely perform temperature control to each zone of the electrostatic chuck and significantly reduces the number of electrostatic chuck lead-out lines.

Embodiments using immersion de-taping are described. A substrate having a substrate tape attached thereto is provided. The substrate includes electrically conductive connectors attached to the substrate tape. A fluid is provided between the substrate and the substrate tape. While the fluid is between the substrate and the substrate tape, the substrate tape is removed from the substrate. Another embodiment is an apparatus comprising an immersion tank, a substrate chuck, first and second fixed rollers, and a moveable roller. The substrate chuck is configured to secure a substrate and to place the substrate into the immersion tank. The first fixed roller is operable to dispense a clamp tape. The second fixed roller is operable to roll the clamp tape. The moveable roller is operable to extend into the immersion tank and to adhere the clamp tape to a substrate tape on the substrate.

A substrate processing apparatus, including: a process chamber configured to process a substrate, a transfer chamber adjoining the process chamber, a shaft installed in the transfer chamber, a substrate mounting stand connected to the shaft and including a heating part, a first thermal insulation part installed in a wall of the transfer chamber at a side of the process chamber, and a second thermal insulation part installed in the shaft at a side of the substrate mounting stand.

A vapor compression system comprising a centrifugal compressor (22) having: an inlet (24); an outlet (26); a first impeller stage (28); a second impeller stage (30); and a motor (34) coupled to the first impeller stage and second impeller stage. A first heat exchanger (38) is downstream of the outlet along a refrigerant flowpath. An expansion device (56) and a second heat exchanger (64) are upstream of the inlet along the refrigerant flowpath. A bypass flowpath (120; 320) is positioned to deliver refrigerant from the compressor bypassing the first heat exchanger. A valve (128) is positioned to control flow through the bypass flowpath, wherein: the bypass flowpath extends from a first location (140) intermediate the inlet and outlet to a second location (142; 342) downstream of the first heat exchanger along the refrigerant flowpath.

A refrigeration system includes: a compressor arrangement for compressing gaseous refrigerant from a first pressure to a second pressure, wherein the second pressure comprises a condensing pressure; a plurality of condenser evaporator systems, wherein each condenser evaporator system comprises: (1) a condenser for receiving gaseous refrigerant at a condensing pressure and condensing the refrigerant to a liquid refrigerant; (2) a controlled pressure receiver for holding the liquid refrigerant from the condenser; and (3) an evaporator for evaporating liquid refrigerant from the controlled pressure receiver to form gaseous refrigerant; a first gaseous refrigerant feed line for feeding the gaseous refrigerant at the second pressure from the compressor arrangement to the plurality of condenser evaporator systems; and a second gaseous refrigerant feed line for feeding gaseous refrigerant from the plurality of condenser evaporator systems to the compressor arrangement.

This invention relates to oil lubricated helium compressor units for use in cryogenic refrigeration systems, operating on the Gifford McMahon (GM) or Brayton cycle. The objective of this invention is to provide redundancy by having a water cooled compressor manifolded to an air cooled compressor and sensors to detect faults so that an expander can be kept running if there is a failure in either the water or air supply.

A variable refrigerant package air conditioner is shown that is easy to install in new construction with a unique base that causes collected mixture that overflows to drain outside the building. A control system is shown that has motors and compressor that are pulse width modulated so the air conditioner is infinitely variable while maintaining the highest possible power factor. Dehumidification of outside air occurs as it is mixed with inside air. By gradually approaching a temperature set point and even reheating after dehumidification, moisture is removed from the room.

A heat exchange apparatus includes a first heat exchanger configured to transfer heat between a refrigerant and another medium, a plurality of second heat exchangers configured to transfer heat between the refrigerant and the liquid, a compressor configured to pressurize the refrigerant and a plurality of expansion devices for each of the plurality of second heat exchangers and configured to expand the refrigerant pressurized by the compressor, wherein the refrigerant flows through the plurality of second heat exchangers in parallel, and the liquid flows through the plurality of second heat exchangers in series.

An evaporator and methods of using the same are described herein. A vapor-compression refrigeration apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the present technology utilizes a fluid refrigerant and can include a compressor, a condenser, an expansion device and an evaporator arranged in succession and in fluid communication within a closed loop in order to circulate the fluid refrigerant. The apparatus can include at least one line within the closed loop in operable communication with the condenser for reducing temperature of at least a portion of the fluid refrigerant coming from the condenser prior to the fluid refrigerant entering the expansion device.

Apparatus for and method of rapidly chilling a beverage in which a vessel having high thermal mass relative to the amount of beverage to be introduced into the vessel is cooled through contact with a cooling module to a temperature low enough that a volume of beverage introduced into the vessel is rapidly cooled.

The disclosed apparatus cools a drinking liquid utilizing the Peltier effect, and optionally includes a system of gasification for gasifying the drinking liquid, once cooled. The cooling system in turn includes: a first cooling circuit, in which an operating fluid circulates, associated with a hot side of a Peltier cell; and a second cooling circuit, in which the drinking liquid circulates, associated with a cold side of the Peltier cell. The Peltier cell is integrated in a cooling unit exhibiting a special sandwich structure which integrates, as well as the Peltier cell, a first and a second heat exchanger, apt respectively to exchange directly the heat between the operating fluid which circulates in the first cooling circuit and the hot side of the Peltier cell and between the drinking liquid which circulates in the second cooling circuit and the cold side of the Peltier cell to cool the drinking liquid.

Disclosed herein is a powered air cooling device contained within a single portable unit and a method of using said device. The portable solar powered cooling unit can include some or all of the following: solar panels, a rechargeable power source, a thermostat unit, a thermoelectric (TE) cooling unit, a heat dissipation unit, a cooling unit resembling a heat sink or an actual heat sink, an air distribution device, for example in one preferred embodiment, a low power high volume fan, and a structure that directs air intake and outflow. The unit features the ability to maintain a stable ambient air temperature via heating, cooling, humidity control, or all of the above. The unit may also feature a form factor which allows the dissipation of the desired cooling or heating to occur at a faster rate. The unit itself although portable, may be fixed in place for more permanent applications. The unit can be used to provide temperature and humidity control.

A device includes a substrate, a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) device disposed on the substrate, a controller disposed on the substrate, a heating element, and an enclosure. The heating element is configured to generate heat in response to a signal generated by the controller. The enclosure encloses the MEMS sensor device, the controller, and the heating element. The controller is configured to generate the signal responsive to temperature measurements within the enclosure. The signal causes the heating element to generate heat and maintain a predetermined temperature within the enclosure.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a vapor compression system that includes a refrigerant loop, a compressor disposed along the refrigerant loop and configured to circulate refrigerant through the refrigerant loop, a condenser disposed downstream of the compressor along the refrigerant loop, where the condenser includes a plurality of tubes disposed in a shell and a diffusion area configured to enhance thermal energy transfer within the condenser, where the diffusion area is defined by a cavity of the condenser without a tube of the plurality of tubes, and an evaporator disposed downstream of the condenser along the refrigerant loop.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a vapor compression system that includes a refrigerant loop, a compressor disposed along the refrigerant loop and configured to circulate refrigerant through the refrigerant loop, and a heat exchanger disposed along the refrigerant loop and configured to place the refrigerant in a heat exchange relationship with a cooling fluid. The heat exchanger includes a water box portion having a first length, a shell having a second length, a plurality of tubes disposed in the shell and configured to flow the cooling fluid, and a cooling fluid portion having a third length, where the water box portion and the cooling fluid portion are coupled to the shell, such that the first length, the second length, and the third length form a combined length of the heat exchanger that is substantially equal to a target length.

A heat exchange device has a plate stack unit obtained by continuous stacking of a plurality of plates. This plate stack unit includes a condenser unit, an evaporator unit, and an internal heat exchange unit. The condenser unit is configured such that a passage for allowing a high pressure refrigerant to flow, and a passage for a heat medium for absorbing heat from the high pressure refrigerant are stacked between a set of plates among the plurality of plates. The evaporator unit is configured such that a passage for allowing a low pressure refrigerant to flow, and a passage for a heat medium for applying heat to the low pressure refrigerant are stacked between a set of plates among the plurality of plates. The internal heat exchange unit is configured such that a passage for allowing the high pressure refrigerant to flow, and a passage for allowing the low pressure refrigerant to flow are stacked between a set of plates among the plurality of plates.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a vapor compression system that includes a refrigerant loop, a compressor disposed along the refrigerant loop and configured to circulate refrigerant through the refrigerant loop, a condenser disposed downstream of the compressor along the refrigerant loop and configured to condense vapor refrigerant to liquid refrigerant, a subcooler coupled to the condenser, where the subcooler is external of a shell of the condenser, and where the subcooler is configured to receive the liquid refrigerant from the condenser and to cool the liquid refrigerant to sub cooled refrigerant, and an evaporator disposed downstream of the subcooler along the refrigerant loop and configured to evaporate the subcooled refrigerant to the vapor refrigerant.

A downstream-side passage of an expansion valve includes a small-diameter part to which a valve hole and an insertion hole are open, and a large-diameter part to which a pipe leading to an evaporator is connected. A plate has a shield part partially covering a downstream end of the small-diameter part. The shield part has a height of 2 mm or larger in a radial direction of the small-diameter part from a projected position of an opening of the insertion hole at the downstream end of the small-diameter part, and a width equal to or larger than a radius of the shaft within a range of the height. The plate is provided so that the shield part does not cover at least a range of projection of an opening of the valve hole at the downstream end of the small-diameter part.

An electronic expansion device includes a main body having inlet and outlet side faces; an inlet disposed on the inlet side face; an orifice formed in the main body between the inlet side face and the outlet side face; a flow path fluidly connecting an inlet side of the orifice and an outlet side of the orifice, the flow path configured to redirect an inlet flow and provide an outlet flow; an outlet disposed on the outlet side face, the outlet being in fluid communication with the inlet via the orifice and the flow path; and a flow control device including an electric motor and a sealing member, the sealing member extending through the main body between the inlet and the outlet, wherein the sealing member is movable into and out of the main body to control the outlet flow of a fluid.

An apparatus for separating and storing liquid refrigerant in a refrigerant circuit including a housing configured as a refrigerant collection container, the housing having a refrigerant outflow line disposed therein. The refrigerant outflow line extending from an inlet opening, which is disposed in a gas refrigerant region and above a level of the liquid refrigerant, via a liquid refrigerant region to the outside, and has a through-opening formed in the liquid refrigerant region. The housing includes a boiling element for liquid refrigerant disposed therein. The boiling element is connected to the refrigerant outflow line in the region of the through-opening, such that a liquid passing through the through-opening from the housing passes through the boiling element by suction of a gas refrigerant.

This invention relates generally to oil lubricated helium compressor units for use in cryogenic refrigeration systems, operating on the Gifford McMahon (GM) cycle. This invention provides redundancy between water cooling and air cooling if there is a blockage in the water or air supply by having air and water cooled after-coolers in series or parallel.

A container treatment installation having a refrigeration installation, and a method for starting the operation of a refrigeration installation of a container treatment installation, are provided. The refrigeration installation comprises a refrigerant vessel for receiving a refrigerant which can be used for cooling a component of the container treatment installation, and a control device for controlling an amount of the refrigerant in the refrigerant vessel such that, after operation of the refrigeration installation, only a predetermined residual amount of refrigerant remains in the refrigerant vessel for the transport of the refrigerant installation, and after the transport of the refrigeration installation, the predetermined residual amount is filled up with a predetermined replenishment amount of refrigerant.

A system includes first and second compressors arranged in parallel, a condenser, expansion device, evaporator, and flow control device fluidly connected. The first compressor includes a first lubricant sump and the second compressor including a second lubricant sump. A lubricant transfer conduit fluidly connects the first lubricant sump and the second lubricant sump. The flow control device is disposed between the evaporator and the first and second compressors, and includes a fluid inlet and two fluid outlets. A first of the two fluid outlets is fluidly connected to the first compressor, a second of the two fluid outlets is fluidly connected to the second compressor. The second fluid outlet includes a nozzle disposed within a flow passage of the flow control device such that a space is maintained between an outer surface of the nozzle and an inner surface of the flow passage.

A novel process for activating available compressors in multiple compressor air conditioning systems, using an Optimum Stage-Up Process. This process is programmed into a controller as an algorithm, to provide a process for fast compressor start. This process shortens the time to initiate operation of compressors in a multi-compressor air conditioning system required to meet the demand call under any load condition, and hence shortens the time required for the actual sensed interior region air temperature to reach the interior region temperature set point. The Optimum Stage-up Algorithm estimates the number of compressor stages or steps that must be initiated, based on sensed or measured values, to meet the demand at any load condition. These measured values include the sensed temperature of the interior region being cooled, which is compared to the temperature set point of this interior region as well as measured mixed air temperature and supply air temperature.

An ice making machine having a refrigeration system designed for hydrocarbon (HC) refrigerants, and particularly propane (R-290), that includes dual independent refrigeration systems and a unique evaporator assembly comprising of a single freeze plate attached to two cooling circuits. The serpentines are designed in an advantageous pattern that promotes efficiency by ensuring the even bridging of ice during freezing and minimizing unwanted melting during harvest by providing an even distribution of the heat load. The charge limitations imposed with flammable refrigerants would otherwise prevent large capacity ice maker from being properly charged with a single circuit. The ice making machine includes a single water circuit and control system to ensure the proper and efficient production of ice. Material cost is conserved as compared to a traditional dual system icemaker.

An evaporator assembly for an ice-making apparatus having a vertical, substantially flat freeze surface, a refrigerant circuit, and a freeze template. The freeze template is thermally coupled between the freeze surface and the refrigerant circuit, and is formed of a plurality of regions arranged in a plane and interconnected by strips having a smaller dimension in the plane than the regions. Interface locations between the freeze template and the freeze surface define where on the freeze surface ice is to be formed. During a freeze cycle, expanded refrigerant is passed through the refrigerant circuit, and water is run over the freeze surface. During a harvest cycle, compressed refrigerant is passed through the refrigerant circuit, wherein heat transfers from the refrigerant circuit to the freeze surface until the freeze surface is warmed to a temperature sufficient to allow ice formed on the freeze surface to fall from the freeze surface by a force of gravity.

An ice machine may include a compressor, a first heat exchanger, an expansion device, an evaporator, an ice tray, and a water pump. The first heat exchanger may receive compressed working fluid from the compressor. The expansion device may receive working fluid from the first heat exchanger. The evaporator may receive working fluid from the expansion device. The ice tray may be in a heat transfer relationship with the evaporator. The ice tray may include a plurality of ice molds. The water pump may be in fluid communication with the ice molds and may be configured to pump water from a water source to the ice molds.

A refrigerator has a storage compartment, a door for opening and closing the storage compartment, an ice-making machine and an ice storage compartment. The ice-making machine is used to produce an ice cube. The ice storage compartment is disposed below the ice-making machine, so as to accommodate an ice cube. The ice storage compartment has a discharge port. A movable blocking member and an ice-crushing cutter are located in the ice storage compartment. A distributor is located on the door and used to distribute the ice cube from the ice storage compartment to the outside. The ice storage compartment further includes an opening and closing mechanism for opening or closing the discharge port. Because the discharge port of the ice storage compartment can be closed, the ice-crushing cutter disposed above the discharge port will not be unconsciously touched, and a user is avoided from being hurt by the ice-crushing cutter.

A cooled storage system comprises a grid structure (20) of storage cells, where each cell is arranged to accommodate a vertical stack of storage bins and having a top level, at least one remotely operated vehicle (27) arranged to move at the top level of the grid structure (20) and receive a bin from a storage cell at the top level of the grid structure (20), where there is provided thermal insulation between at least a section of the grid structure (20) and the remotely operated vehicle (27), and said section of the grid structure (20) has a temperature that is lower than the temperature of the remotely operated vehicle (27).

Disclosed are a refrigerator and a control method thereof. The refrigerator according to one aspect includes a main body having a storage chamber; a compressor configured to compress a refrigerant; a condenser configured to condense the refrigerant compressed by the compressor; an evaporation expander configured to depressurize the refrigerant condensed by the condenser; a first evaporator configured to evaporate the refrigerant depressurized by the evaporation expander and thus to cool the storage chamber; a condensing expander installed between the condenser and the evaporation expander and configured to depressurize the refrigerant condensed by the condenser; and a subsidiary condenser installed between the condensing expander and the evaporation expander and configured to condense the refrigerant depressurized by the condensing expander.

A refrigerator includes a storage chamber, an evaporator configured to cool the storage chamber, and an air passage through which cold air generated by the evaporator flows. The air passage includes a blower fan configured to blow the cold air to the storage chamber, and a trap part in which warm air generated by a defrosting operation stays, such that warm air generated by the defrosting operation is prevented from being introduced into the inner space of the refrigerator through the air passage. The refrigerator reduces the defrosting operation time, efficiently prevents increase of the inner temperature of the refrigerator due to warm air during the defrosting operation, reduces a temperature difference in inner temperature of the refrigerator, and prevents food stored in the refrigerator from being rotten due to a temperature change.

Apparatus for and method of rapidly chilling a beverage in which a vessel having high thermal mass relative to the amount of beverage to be introduced into the vessel is cooled through contact with a cooling module to a temperature low enough that a volume of beverage introduced into the vessel is rapidly cooled.

Systems and methods for recovering light hydrocarbons from refinery waste gas using a back-end turboexpander to generate a higher recovery of the light hydrocarbons for use as petrochemical feedstock and to remove the liquid light hydrocarbons before entering the turboexpander.

A process is described herein for removing high freeze point hydrocarbons, including benzene compounds, from a mixed feed gas stream. The process involves cooling process streams in one or more heat exchangers and separating condensed compounds in multiple separators to form a methane-rich product gas stream. Select solvent streams from a fractionation train and/or separate solvent streams are employed to lower the freeze point of one or more streams that contain high freeze point hydrocarbons. A corresponding system also is disclosed.

An apparatus and method for flow management and CO2-recovery from a CO2 containing hydrocarbon flow stream, such as a post CO2-stimulation flowback stream. The apparatus including a flow control zone, a gas separation zone, a pretreatment zone, and a CO2-capture zone. The CO2-capture zone is in fluid communication with the pretreatment zone to provide CO2-capture from a pretreated flowback gas stream and output a captured CO2-flow stream. The CO2-capture zone includes a first CO2-enricher and at least one additional CO2 enricher disposed downstream of the first CO2 enricher and in cascading relationship to provide a CO2-rich permeate stream, the CO2-capture zone further including at least one condenser to condense the enriched CO2-stream and output the captured CO2-flow stream.

A device and method for heat distribution in a hybrid motor vehicle are provided. The device includes an engine cooling circuit; and a refrigerant circuit for a combined operation in a refrigeration heat pump mode and a reheating mode, includes an evaporator, a compressor, a heat exchanger to supply heat from the refrigerant to air being conditioned for a passenger compartment; and a heat exchanger to transfer heat between a refrigerant of the refrigerant circuit and coolant of the engine cooling circuit, wherein the heat exchanger operates as an evaporator for the heat transfer, and as a condenser for the heat transfer from the condensing refrigerant to the coolant.

There is disclosed a refrigeration device which is capable of inexpensively improving durability of an electronic expansion valve (an outdoor expansion valve) for use in a refrigerant circuit. A vehicle air conditioner 1 has a refrigerant circuit R including an outdoor expansion valve 6. The vehicle air conditioner includes a controller which controls energization to a coil of the outdoor expansion valve 6, and this controller executes operation limit control to limit an operation of the outdoor expansion valve 6 so that a temperature of the coil of the outdoor expansion valve 6 is not in excess of a predetermined value. The controller lengthens a control period of the outdoor expansion valve 6 and suppresses an operation amount of the outdoor expansion valve 6 within a predetermined limit value to limit a duty factor, in the operation limit control.

A transport refrigeration system (TRS) includes a first heat transfer circuit including a first compressor, a condenser, a first expansion device, and a cascade heat exchanger. The first compressor, the condenser, the first expansion device, and the cascade heat exchanger are in fluid communication such that a first heat transfer fluid can flow therethrough. The TRS includes a second heat transfer circuit including a second compressor, the cascade heat exchanger, a second expansion device, and an evaporator. The second compressor, the cascade heat exchanger, the second expansion device, and the evaporator are in fluid communication such that a second heat transfer fluid can flow therethrough. The first heat transfer circuit and the second heat transfer circuit are arranged in thermal communication at the cascade heat exchanger such that the first heat transfer fluid and the second heat transfer fluid are in a heat exchange relationship at the cascade heat exchanger.

A multi-axis passenger-carrying aircraft comprises: an electrical system; a heat exchange system; a cabin; and an accommodating compartment arranged inside the cabin; wherein the electrical system is arranged inside the accommodating compartment, and wherein the heat exchange system comprises at least an air inlet communicated with the exterior of the cabin, an air outlet communicated with the accommodating compartment, and a cooler with an air inlet end communicated with the air inlet and an air outlet end communicated with the air outlet. In operation, air outside the aircraft may enter the heat exchange system via the air inlet and the cooler via the air inlet end to be cooled by the cooler. The cooled air may be discharged via the air outlet end and then enter the accommodating compartment via the air outlet, providing cool air to the accommodating compartment and dissipating heat from the electrical system.

Multi-axis passenger-carrying aircraft is provided, including: a heat exchange system; a cabin; and a passenger accommodating compartment arranged inside the cabin; wherein the electrical system is arranged inside the passenger accommodating compartment, and wherein the heat exchange system at least includes an air inlet in communication with the exterior of the cabin, an air outlet in communication with the passenger accommodating compartment, and a cooling and heating device with an air inlet end communicated with the air inlet and an air outlet end communicated with the air outlet. In operation, air outside the aircraft may enter the heat exchange system via the air inlet and the cooling and heating device via the air inlet end to be cooled or heated by the cooling and heating device. The air after heat exchange may be discharged via the air outlet end and enter the passenger accommodating compartment via the air outlet.

A beverage cooling system includes a main assembly having a refrigeration module, a pumping and control module, and a beverage cooling module. The refrigeration module has a refrigeration system cooling a cooling medium. The beverage cooling module has a cooling tank cooled by the refrigeration system. The pumping and control module has a pump to pump a beverage ingredient cooled by the refrigeration system. Each of the refrigeration module, the pumping and control module, and beverage cooling module are independently removable from and connectable to the remainder of the main assembly.

A charge air cooler for an internal combustion engine, includes a charge air inlet and a charge air outlet which are fluidly connected with each other via multiple charge air channels which are arranged parallel to each other and arranged parallel to each other and subjectable to a coolant flow; and at least one flow guide element arranged upstream of the charge air channels, wherein the flow guide element at least in one operating state of the internal combustion engine deflects charge air entering through the charge air inlet the direction of a condensate accumulation volume of the charge air cooler.

An assembly comprising a duct (1) for passing a flow of cryogenic fluid, and a valve (2); the assembly being characterized in that the duct (1) includes an interface for inserting the valve, the interface forming an internal abutment (51) and an external abutment (52);the valve (2) being configured in such a manner as to be inserted into said insertion interface by sliding, the valve (2) comprising a valve body (3) presenting a first end (31) and a second end (32), the valve body (3) being adapted to be bolted in said insertion interface in such a manner that the first end (31) and the second end (32) come into abutment respectively against the internal abutment (51) and against the external abutment (52), the assembly including an internal sealing element (61) arranged between the internal abutment (51) and the first end (31), and an external sealing element (62) arranged between the external abutment (52) and the second end (32).

A desiccant air conditioning system for treating an air stream entering a building space, including a conditioner configured to expose the air stream to a liquid desiccant such that the liquid desiccant dehumidifies the air stream in the warm weather operation mode and humidifies the air stream in the cold weather operation mode. The conditioner includes multiple plate structures arranged in a vertical orientation and spaced apart to permit the air stream to flow between the plate structures. Each plate structure includes a passage through which a heat transfer fluid can flow. Each plate structure also has at least one surface across which the liquid desiccant can flow. The system includes a regenerator connected to the conditioner for causing the liquid desiccant to desorb water in the warm weather operation mode and to absorb water in the cold weather operation mode from a return air stream.

A rotary valve mechanism includes a stator valve member furnished with one of either a dome-shaped high-pressure recess area made of a polymer or a high-pressure flow path made of metal, and a rotor valve member furnished with the other of either the dome-shaped high-pressure recess area made of a polymer or the high-pressure flow path made of metal, and seals a high-pressure region being the high-pressure flow path communicated with the dome-shaped high-pressure recess area and is disposed adjoining the stator valve member such as to isolate the high-pressure region from its low-pressure surrounding environs.

Provided is an hybrid solar heat absorption cooling system comprising: an absorption refrigerator; a solar heat steam generator configured to generate steam using solar heat; a daytime steam supplying unit configured to supply steam generated by the solar heat steam generator during the day as a heat source for the absorption refrigerator; a daytime hot water storage tank configured to store hot water discharged from the absorption refrigerator during the day; a nighttime hot water supplying unit configured to supply hot water stored in the daytime hot water storage tank during the night as a heat source for the absorption refrigerator; a nighttime hot water storage tank configured to store hot water discharged from the absorption refrigerator during the night; and a daytime hot water supplying unit configured to supply hot water stored in the nighttime hot water storage tank during the day to the solar heat steam generator.

An oil separator includes a container having an inner circumferential surface of a cylindrical shape; an inlet pipe that penetrates through from an outside of the container to an inside of the container, comprises an inlet port through which the oil-containing refrigerant is introduced to the container; and a refrigerant discharge pipe that is provided coaxially with a central axis of the container in a top of the container, projects from the top of the container toward a bottom of the container, and comprises a discharge port which is disposed below the inlet port and allows oil removed refrigerant to be discharged. The oil-containing refrigerant flowing out of the inlet port of the inlet pipe is not branched by the refrigerant discharge pipe, and forms a single flow flowing in one direction along an outer circumferential surface of the refrigerant discharge pipe and the inner circumferential surface of the container.