Ananth Technologies designs avionics for ISRO and Defence, supplying components to 98 satellites and 78 launch vehicles

These teams will be given six months of mentorship, training and support besides up to ₹5 Lakh to develop their prototypes for sustainable and circular economy solutions

Derived through hydrolysis, it is sweeter and also more soluble than regular sugar, making it a preferred choice for various culinary creations

This launch, which comes after several previous attempts, marks a major achievement as the first-ever controlled flight of a semi-cryogenic liquid engine realized through additive manufacturing

The historic test flight, with fellow astronaut Barry Wilmore, aims to certify Starliner for routine space travel.

Veteran NASA astronauts Sunita Williams and Barry Wilmore, with 500 combined days in space, piloted Boeing’s CST-100 Starliner from Florida, leveraging their extensive experience in spacewalks and ISS command.

This historic mission aims to certify Starliner for routine travel to the International Space Station.

The platform supports different types of biomolecules, including monoclonal antibodies, biosimilars, bispecifics, antibody-drug conjugates, and other recombinant proteins

India ranks 6th amongst the top nine deeptech ecosystems globally

The program is a result of the MoU agreement AWS signed with the Indian Space Research Organization and the Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre in 2023

TIDCO plans to introduce additional incentives to attract companies and accelerate development in the region. 

A focused venture fund will give a boost to new entrepreneurs and non-government entities, IN-SPACe chairperson Pawan Goenka said

SSLV was designed with the industry in mind, he said

Modification minimal, change incremental, says RB Grover

A comprehensive analysis of 73 studies involving over 113,000 participants found that using bright screens before bed delays sleep onset by less than three minutes on average. 

The signature moment of the mission was to be a spacewalk by billionaire Jared Isaacman and SpaceX engineer Sarah Gillis

After separating from the spacecraft, the Super Heavy booster for the first time executed a landing burn and had a soft splashdown in the Gulf of Mexico after eight eight minutes of the launch

This development comes in after it completed the aerial testing of the scaled-down prototype version of the optical EO payload which captured images at 16 centimetres spatial resolution

The nuclear physics hub needs to finance the construction of the Future Circular Collider as its existing particle accelerator — famed for discovering the Higgs Boson — edges toward the end of its useful life

Aerospace startup Space Kidz India to select one student from each of the 108 participating countries who will travel to India for hands-on training in building payloads, spacecraft prototypes

Any project underpinned by a convincing business plan could get the fund’s support

Nifty 50 October Futures contract can oscillate in a range of 24,300-24,600

The key levels for Bank Nifty futures are 51,200 and 52,700

Sun TV Network share price has potential to target ₹1,200 and ₹1,500 from a long-term perspective

Branded pharma, andhealthcare services penetration are long-term drivers offset by recent rally

Nifty futures posted a marginal gain of 0.2 per cent and Bank Nifty futures appreciated 1.5 per cent over the past week

Bank Nifty futures is trading between key levels at 52,000 and 52,800

Bank Nifty futures can fall to 51,300 if it slips below 52,000 

Traders need to wait for strong cues about next leg of trend

Nifty 50 November futures contract can oscillate in a range of 24,150-24,400

Today we’re going to take a quick look at a few special CSS keywords you can use on any CSS property: inherit, initial, revert, and unset. Also, we will ask where and when to use them to the greatest effect, and if we need more of those keywords.

The first three were defined in the Cascading Level 3 spec, while revert was added in Cascading Level 4. Despite 4 still being in draft revert is already supported. See also the MDN revert page, Chris Coyier’s page, and my test page

inherit

The inherit keyword explicitly tells an element that it inherits the value for this declaration from its parent. Let’s take this example:

.my-div {
	margin: inherit;
}

.my-div a {
	color: inherit;
}

The second declaration is easiest to explain, and sometimes actually useful. It says that the link colour in the div should be the same as the text colour. The div has a text colour. It’s not specified here, but because color is inherited by default the div gets the text color of its parent. Let’s say it’s black.

Links usually have a different colour. As a CSS programmer you frequently set it, and even if you don’t browsers automatically make it blue for you. Here, however, we explicitly tell the browsers that the link colour should be inherited from its parent, the div. In our example links become black.

(Is this a good idea? Occasionally. But if you remove the colour difference between links and main text, make sure your links are underlined. Your users will thank you.)

Now let’s look at the margin: inherit. Normally margins don’t inherit, and for good reason. The fact that an element has margin-left: 10% does not mean all of its descendents should also get that margin. In fact, you most likely don’t want that. Margins are set on a per-case basis.

This declaration tells the div to use the margin specified on its parent, however. This is an odd thing to specify, and I never saw a practical use case in the wild. Still CSS, being ridiculously powerful, allows it.

In any case, that’s how the inherit keyword works. Using it for font sizes or colours may occasionally be a good idea. In other contexts - rarely.

And keep the difference between inheriting and non-inheriting properties in mind. It’s going to be important later on.

initial

The initial keywords sets the property back to its initial value. This is the value specified in the W3C specification for that property.

Initial values from the spec are a bit of a mixed bag. Some make sense, others don’t, really. float: none and background-color: transparent are examples of the first category. Of course an element does not have a background colour without you specifying one, nor does it float automatically.

Others are historically determined, such as background-repeat: repeat. Back in the Stone Age before CSS all background images repeated, and the CSS1 specification naturally copied this behaviour.

Still others are essentially arbitrary, such as display: inline. Why did W3C opt for inline instead of block? I don’t know, and it doesn’t really matter any more. They had to decide on an initial value, and while inline is somewhat strange, block would be equally strange.

In any case, the initial keyword makes the property revert to this initial value from the specification, whether that makes sense or not.

unset

When we get to the unset value the distinction between inheriting and non-inheriting properties becomes important. unset has a different effect on them.

• If a property is normally inherited, unset means inherit.
• If a property is normally not inherited, unset means initial.

revert

revert, the newest of these keywords, also distinguishes between inheriting and non-inheriting properties.

• If a property is normally inherited, revert means inherit.
• If a property is normally not inherited, revert reverts to the value specified in the browser style sheet.

all

Finally, we should treat all. It is not a value but a property, or rather, the collection of all CSS properties on an element. It only takes one of the keywords we discussed, and allows you to apply that keyword to all CSS properties. For instance:

.my-div {
	all: initial;
}

Now all CSS properties on the div are set to initial.

Examples

The reaction of my test page to setting the display of all elements to the four keywords is instructive. My test script sets the following style:

body * {
	display: [inherit | initial | unset | revert] !important;
}

The elements react as follows:

• display: inherit: all elements now inherit their display value from the body. Since the body has display: block all elements get that value, whether that makes sense or not.
• display: initial: the initial value of display is inline. Therefore all elements get that value, whether that makes sense or not.
• display: unset: display does not inherit. Therefore this behaves as initial and all elements get display: inline.
• display: revert: display does not inherit. Therefore the defaults of the browser style sheet are restored, and each element gets its proper display — except for the dl, which I had given a display: grid. This value is now supplanted by the browser-provided block.

Unfortunately the same test page also contains a riddle I don’t understand the behaviour of <button>s when I set color to the four keywords:

• color: inherit: all elements, including <button>s, now inherit their colour from the body, which is blue. So all text becomes blue.
• color: initial: since the initial value of color is black, all elements, including <button>s, become black.
• color: unset: color inherits. Therefore this behaves as inherit and all elements, including <button>s, become blue.
• color: revert: This is the weird one. All elements become blue, except for <button>s, which become black. I don’t understand why. Since colors inherit, I expected revert to work as inherit and the buttons to also become blue. But apparently the browser style sheet of button {color: black} (more complicated in practice) is given precedence. Yes, revert should remove author styles (the ones we write), and that would cause the black from the browser style sheet to be applied, but only if a property does not inherit — and color does. I don’t know why the browser style sheet is given precedence in this case. So I’m going to cop out and say form elements are weird.

Practical use: almost none

The purpose of both unset and revert is to wipe the slate clean and return to the initial and the browser styles, respectively — except when the property inherits; in that case, inheritance is still respected. initial, meanwhile, wipes the slate even cleaner by also reverting inheriting properties to their initial values.

This would be useful when you create components that should not be influenced by styles defined elsewhere on the page. Wipe the slate clean, start styling from zero. That would help modularisation.

But that’s not how these keywords work. We don’t want to revert to the initial styles (which are sometimes plain weird) but to the browser style sheet. unset comes closest, but it doesn’t touch inherited styles, so it only does half of what we want.

So right now these keywords are useless — except for inherit in a few specific situations usually having to do with font sizes and colours.

New keyword: default

Chris Coyier argues we need a new value which he calls default. It reverts to the browser style sheet in all cases, even for inherited properties. Thus it is a stronger version of revert. I agree. This keyword would be actually useful. For instance:

.my-component,.my-component * {
	all: default;
	font-size: inherit;
	font-family: inherit;
	color: inherit;
}

Now we have a component that’s wiped clean, except that we decide to keep the fonts and colour of the main page. The rest is a blank slate that we can style as we like. That would be a massive boon to modularisation.

New keyword: cascade

For years now I have had the feeling that we need yet another keyword, which I’ll call cascade for now. It would mean “take the previous value in the cascade and apply it here.” For instance:

.my-component h2 {
	font-size: 24px;
}

.my-other-component h2 {
	font-size: 3em;
}

h2#specialCase {
	font-size: clamp(1vw,cascade,3vw)
}

In this (slightly contrived) example I want to clamp the font-size of a special h2 between 1vw and 3vw, with the preferred value being the one defined for the component I’m working in. Here, cascade would mean: take the value the cascade would deliver if this rule didn’t exist. This would make the clamped font size use either 24px or 3em as its preferred value, depending on which component we’re in.

The problem with this example is that it could also use custom properties. Just set --h2size to either 24px or 3em, use it in the clamp, and you’re done.

.my-component h2 {
	--h2size: 24px;
	font-size: var(--h2size);
}

.my-other-component h2 {
	--h2size: 3em;
	font-size: var(--h2size);
}

h2#specialCase {
	font-size: clamp(1vw,var(--h2size),3vw)
}

Still, this is but the latest example I created. I have had this thought many, many times, but because I didn’t keep track of my use cases I’m not sure if all of them could be served by custom properties.

Also, suppose you inherit a very messy CSS code base with dozens of components written at various skill levels. In that case adding custom properties to all components might be impractical, and the cascade keyword might help.

Anyway, I barely managed to convince myself, so professional standard writers will certainly not be impressed. Still, I thought I’d throw it out here to see if anyone else has a use case for cascade that cannot be solved with custom properties.

Bus yatra and more interactions with people suggested

Actor-producer Rana Daggubati’s Spirit Media debuts at San Diego Comic-Con 2023 by announcing the mythological film ‘Hiranyakashyap’ and comic based on the superhero film ‘Minnal Murali’ 

Ram Charan unveils the trailer of his father and superstar Chiranjeevi’s ‘Bholaa Shankar’, directed by Meher Ramesh and also featuring Tamannaah Bhatia, Keerthy Suresh and Sushanth

Dollops of sherry leek or fresh arugula? Choose your pick from artisanal pizzas and sauces made from scratch at the newly-opened pizzeria

S.S. Rajamouli’s ‘RRR’ bagged six awards, followed by ‘Pushpa - The Rise’, ‘Uppena’ and ‘Konda Polam’ at the 69th National Film Awards. Allu Arjun won the award for best actor, while ‘RRR’ was declared the best popular film for providing wholesome entertainment

Along with noble intentions, director Praveen Sattaru and actor Varun Tej’s slick Telugu thriller drama ‘Gandeevadhari Arjuna’ needed a smarter script

With Miss Premila on leave, we got Miss Willa. But she was so peculiar she sent chills down our spines.

Actor Allu Arjun invited Instagram to the sets of his forthcoming Telugu film ‘Pushpa: The Rule’, directed by Sukumar

Tales from Banana Republic by Manoje Nath, former Director-General of Police, Bihar, offers a collection of stories that describe the complex interplay of power in politics and governance

Leading design houses from across the country showcase their collections at an ongoing trunk show

Director Venkatesh Maha talks about taking the crowdfunding route for his new Telugu film ‘Marmaanuvu’ asserting he will not let down the film-loving audience

Naveen Polishetty’s flair for humour and Anushka Shetty’s restrained act work but the simple, predictable ‘Miss Shetty Mr Polishetty’ needed more emotional heft

The much-anticipated ‘Pushpa 2: The Rule’, directed by Sukumar and starring Allu Arjun, Rashmika Mandanna and Fahadh Faasil to release in theatres in 2024

Actor-director Tharun Bhascker Dhaassyam’s Telugu crime comedy ‘Keeda Cola’, presented by Rana Daggubati, will arrive in theatres in November

The idea of the play came about with the disturbing realisation that the lockdown reduced not only the attention span of people but also the capacity and need to listen

Director Vassishta opens up on his next film starring Chiranjeevi and says it will be a fantasy entertainer, steeped in visual effects, in which the superstar will play a mature character befitting his stature and age

Exhibition serves as an introduction to the potential of the art form which is gaining popularity among young artists in State

From feather-light ‘kavanarisi appam’ in coconut milk and ‘kuzhi paniyaram’ served with ‘pepper kaadai’ to the classic ‘adi kumayam’ in ice cream, what makes this new menu tick at the Chettinad Canteen