A multi-participant conference system and method is described. The multi-participant system includes a PSTN client, at least one remote client and a first participant client. The PSTN client communicates audio data and the remote clients communicate audio-video data. The first participant client includes a voice over IP (VoIP) encoder, a VoIP decoder, a first audio mixer, and a second audio mixer. The VoIP encoder compresses audio data transported to the PSTN client. The VoIP decoder then decodes audio data from the PSTN client. The first audio mixer mixes the decoded audio data from the PSTN client with the audio-video data from the first participant into a first mixed audio-video data stream transmitted to the remote client. The second audio mixer mixes the audio-video data stream from the first participant with the audio-video data stream from each remote client into a second mixed audio transmitted to the PSTN client.

Methods and apparatus for intercepting communications in an Internet Protocol (IP) network involve maintaining dialing profiles for respective subscribers to the IP network, each dialing profile including a username associated with the corresponding subscriber, and associating intercept information with the dialing profile of a subscriber whose communications are to be monitored. Intercept information will include determination information for determining whether to intercept a communication involving the subscriber, and destination information identifying a device to which intercepted communications involving the subscriber are to be sent. When the determination information meets intercept criteria communications are established with a media relay through which communications involving the subscriber will be conducted or are being conducted to cause the media relay to send a copy of the communications involving the subscriber to a mediation device specified by the destination information.

A wireless communication system and, more specifically, a measurement method and apparatus for inter-cell interference coordination in a wireless communication system are disclosed. Herein, a method for supporting measurement of a User Equipment (UE) by a first base station in a wireless communication system includes the steps of acquiring information of downlink subframe configuration of a second base station, determining measurement objects of downlink resource of the first base station based on the downlink subframe configuration of the second base station; transmitting information of the measurement objects to the UE, and receiving measurement result for the measurement objects from the UE.

A mobile user terminal, which communicates with a base station in an intermittent fashion, the mobile user terminal includes a radio transmitter which transmits downlink channel quality information indicating downlink channel quality and an uplink pilot signal to a base station in an intermittent fashion; and a transmit time controller which synchronizes transmit time of the downlink quality information and transmit time of the uplink pilot signal relative to each other, such that the downlink quality information and the uplink pilot signal are sent in adjacent different timings in a period corresponding to a state of intermittent communicate.

An arrangement for supplying oil to a chain drive which drives a transmission oil pump that is axially offset relative to a torque converter and embedded in an intermediate plate in a vehicle having a torque converter. The driven sprocket of the chain drive is supported by a converter neck mounted in a centering plate. A seal is provided between the converter neck and the sprocket and is arranged adjacent the sliding fit between the converter neck and the sprocket. To compensate for the suppression of lubrication of the seal, the neck bearing and the chain drive, a valve is integrated in the intermediate plate, and a duct is provided in the plane, in which the centering plate is screwed to the intermediate plate, such that excess oil flowing from the valve is selectively directed to the seal, the neck bearing and the chain drive.

A secondary assembly drive of an internal combustion engine and a method for operating same are provided. The secondary assembly drive includes: a first drive wheel (1) which can be rotatably connected to a crank shaft (CR) of the internal combustion engine, an electric machine which can be operated either as a generator (AL) of as a motor (M) and a second drive wheel (2) which can be rotatably connected to the electric machine (AL, M), an air-conditioning compressor (A/C) and a third drive wheel (3) which can be rotatably connected to the air-conditioning compressor, a traction element (4) which rotates infinitely and which wraps around the drive wheels, and an actuable clutch (7) for disconnecting the drive of the electric machine and of the air-conditioning compressor from the crankshaft when necessary. In addition, the air-conditioning compressor is designed for operation in both rotational directions, and a reversal of the rotational direction between the generator operating mode and the motor operating mode of the electric machine is provided.

A secondary assembly drive of an internal combustion engine and a method for operating same are provided. The secondary assembly drive includes, in two drive planes, an assembly drive (2) and a starter drive (12) and permits, in addition to a normal operating mode, the following operating modes: —starting of the internal combustion engine, —boosting of the internal combustion engine, —air-conditioning, and —deactivation of the assembly drive (2).

The present invention relates to an Osteospermum and Dimorphoteca plant, seed, variety, and hybrid. Another aspect of the present invention relates to an Osteospermum and Dimorphoteca plant having a mutant allele designated KLEDF which results in an altered flower phenotype. The invention also relates to crossing Osteospermum and Dimorphoteca plants containing the KLEDF mutant allele with other Osteospermum and Dimorphoteca plants lacking the KLEDF mutant allele to produce intergeneric and interspecific hybrids. This invention further relates to specific lines of Osteospermum varieties exhibiting the altered-flowering phenotype. Furthermore, the invention relates to pollen, seed, and sexual, as well as asexual progeny of such plants with altered flowers. In addition, the invention relates to methods for propagating said plants and to uses of said plants.

A mixing device for mixing a first and second material together to create an output mixture. The device includes a first chamber containing the first material coupled to a mixing chamber defined between a rotor and a stator. The rotor is disposed inside the stator and rotates therein about an axis of rotation. The first chamber houses an internal pump configured to pump the first material from the first chamber into the mixing chamber. The pump may be configured to impart a circumferential velocity into the first material before it enters the mixing chamber. At least one of the rotor and stator have a plurality of through-holes through which the second material is provided to the mixing chamber. Optionally, a second chamber is coupled to the mixing chamber. The second chamber may house an internal pump configured to pump the output material from the mixing chamber into the second chamber.

A method and apparatus for mixing fluids, such as beverage syrup and water, uses countercurrent injection to improve blending of the fluids. A mixing chamber has a first inlet through which a first fluid is fed to the mixing chamber, and a second inlet through which a countercurrent injection nozzle extends and is operative to inject a second fluid into a stream of the first fluid. The countercurrent injection nozzle is equipped with a check valve to control the flow of fluid into the mixing chamber. The mixing chamber may include additional inlets that may be fitted with countercurrent injection nozzles to permit the countercurrent injection of other fluid, such as flavorings, into the stream of the first fluid.

A mixer system includes a mixing chamber with a drive panel, open top, discharge opening in a side of the mixing chamber, and door configured to open and close the discharge opening. A first mixing auger is disposed inside the mixing chamber, and a first auger drive is disposed on another side of the drive panel and connected to the first auger through the drive panel and connected to a driveline. A second mixing auger is disposed inside the mixing chamber on the first side of the drive panel, and another auger drive is connected to the second auger through the drive panel. A clutch is connected between the second auger drive and the driveline and configured to mechanically connect and disconnect the second auger drive from the driveline based on an input. A method of sequentially starting different augers within a mixing chamber is provided.

An apparatus, system and method for mixing and dispensing dental impression materials is described. A dental impression material mixing machine comprises a water dispenser fluidly coupled to a hollow mixing axle, the mixing axle extending through a pulley, wherein an inner circumference of the hollow mixing axle forms a water conduit and an outer circumference of the hollow mixing axle forms a hub connector, a closeable valve inserted at a water entrance to the water conduit and electronically coupled to a water pump, an electronically commutated motor rotatably coupled to the pulley, wherein the hub connector receives a tubular rotatable hub of a disposable mixing vessel comprising dry dental impression powder, and wherein water is dispensed from the water dispenser into the disposable mixing vessel through the water conduit and hub orifice.

An eddy-current-minimizing flow plug has an outer radial wall with open flow channels formed between the plug's inlet and outlet. The plug has a central region coupled to the inner surface of the outer radial wall. Each open flow channel includes (i) a first portion originating at the inlet and converging to a location in the plug where convergence is contributed to by changes in thickness of the outer radial wall and divergence of the central region, and (ii) a second portion originating in the plug and diverging to the outlet where divergence is contributed to by changes in thickness of the outer radial wall and convergence of the central region. For at least a portion of the open flow channels, a central axis passing through the first and second portions is non-parallel with respect to the given direction of the flow.

A treatment element to treat material in a multi-shaft worm machine has an outer contour with at least one outer contour portion, the associated evolute of which is a quantity of at least three points, each of the points lying outside the longitudinal axis and within the outer radius of the treatment element and two respective adjacent points having a spacing from one another, which is less than half the core radius. The treatment element ensures high flexibility during the adjustment of shear and/or extensional flows on the material to be treated.

The present invention discloses a high intensity ultrasonic treatment method and apparatus that is used in conjunction with an existing commercial dough or batter mixer to enhance the rheological, aeration and textural properties of the dough or batter. This change in properties is a result of the phenomenon of acoustic cavitation induced in the dough or batter by treatment with high intensity ultrasonic waves. The present invention discloses a mixing bowl (20) of an existing mixer system that is preloaded with dough or batter, the bowl (20) is located at the center of an ultrasonic bath tank (101) filled with a working fluid. The effect of ultra-sonic waves with power levels above 1 kW can be observed over the entire or partial mixing period of the dough or batter. The ultra-sonic waves of the present invention are generated by a plurality of ultrasonic wave generators (104A, 104B) and piezoelectric transducers (1) mounted on a stainless steel tank (101). The electrical energy received in each transducer (1) will be converted into appropriate mechanical expansion and contractions in the piezoelectric ceramics of the transducer (1) thus leading to pressure waves being transmitted to the dough or batter to be mixed. The generation and transmission of high intensity ultrasonic waves to the dough or batter affects its rheological, aeration and textural properties.

A mixing rotor includes: a rotor shaft portion that includes a cooling passageway formed therein, and a mixing blade portion that is formed in an outer circumferential portion of the rotor shaft portion, wherein each of the long blades of the mixing blade portion includes a land portion as an end surface of the long blade facing a radially outside of the mixing rotor, a length of each of the long blades in the axis direction is set to be 0.6 times or more as large as a length of the mixing blade portion in the axis direction, a biting angle of each of the long blades is set to an angle equal to or smaller than 31°, and a center angle with respect to a land width as a width of the land portion in the cross-section of each of the long blades orthogonal to the axis direction is set to an angle equal to or larger than 7°.

There are provided compounds represented by the following general formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts of thereof, which have a superior monoacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 inhibitory action: wherein Ring A represents a partially saturated heteroaryl group, an aryl group or a heteroaryl group,RB represents a C4-18 alkyl group, a C3-8 cycloalkyl group, a partially saturated aryl group, an aryl group, or the following formula (II): wherein V represents the formula —CR11R12—, —CO—, —CO—O—, or —CO—NH—,W represents a single bond or a C1-3 alkylene group, andRing B represents a C3-8 cycloalkyl group, a C3-8 cycloalkenyl group, a partially saturated heteroaryl group, a saturated heterocyclyl group, an aryl group, or a heteroaryl group,Y represents a nitrogen atom or the formula N+(RF),RF represents a C1-4 alkyl group, andm and n, which may be the same or different, each represent an integer of 0 or 1.

This invention relates to compounds of general formula (I) in which R1, R2, U, V, L, M, R5, m, X, Y and Z are as defined herein, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and salts, and to methods of using such compounds, salts and compositions for the treatment of abnormal cell growth, including cancer.

The invention is directed to novel substituted benzylamino quinolines, compounds comprising substituted benzylamino quinolines, methods of making substituted benzylamino quinolines, the use of substituted benzylamino quinolines for treating or preventing a variety of conditions or diseases associated with lipoprotein metabolism, and the use of substituted benzylamino quinolines as cholesterol ester-transfer protein inhibitors.

The invention provides novel substituted amino azaheterocyclic carboxamide compounds according to Formula (I), their manufacture and use for the treatment of hyperproliferative diseases, such as cancer.

The present invention relates to novel bicyclic thiazoles which are positive allosteric modulators of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (“mGluR5”) and which are useful for the treatment or prevention of disorders associated with glutamate dysfunction and diseases in which the mGluR5 subtype of receptors is involved. The invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, to processes for preparing such compounds and compositions, and to the use of such compounds and compositions for the prevention and treatment of disorders in which mGluR5 is involved.

The present invention relates to a novel method for producing a pyridazinone compound and an intermediate thereof as shown in the following scheme: wherein the symbols are as defined in the specification.

The present invention is concerned with a process for preparing 5-(2{[6-(2,2-difluoro-2-phenylethoxy)hexyl]amino}-1(R)-hydroxyethyl)-8-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

A method of manufacturing fastenings or fasteners with radial outer contours, especially screws or threaded bolts, made of solid metal is performed by a device. The method manufactures the fastenings or fasteners preferably on a multi-stage press. Several recesses running in an axial direction at a fixed radial distance are formed in the shank-shaped section of a blank. The prefabricated blank with the recesses is inserted into a multi-part split mold within a multi-stage press, whose die stocks have an inner profiling forming the outer contour, and are opened in the starting position, that at the places where the die stocks are opened, there are the recesses. During the closing movement of the die stocks, at least one radial outer contour is pressed on the shank-shaped section of the blank by radial action of forces, with the recesses preventing material from getting between the die stocks during the pressing process.

The process and apparatus for mobile separation and recovery of used contaminants abrasive blasting material from a work site. Entrained contaminants within used blast material are removed by a self-contained mobile platform process using multiple stage cleaning system including dual cyclonic separation, multiple stage dust filters with large debris magnetic drum, airwash and vibratory separation in a flow through containment and blast media separation process.

A honing machine has at least one clamping unit that clamps a workpiece and has a rotary drive for the workpiece. A spindle unit has a stroke drive for an inner honing tool for inner honing of the workpiece. An outer honing device that is movable relative to the workpiece in an axial direction of the workpiece is provided. The outer honing device has several honing stones and an advancing device acting on the honing stones. The honing stones each are advanced in a radial direction relative to the workpiece. The advancing device has at least one linear drive for each one of the honing stones and a common drive motor for all of the linear drives.

A fully symmetric cutter grinding machine with 5-axis includes a grinding machine base and a pillar, sliding rails are vertically arranged on an inside of the pillar, the sliding rails are provided with a grinding wheel head bracket, the grinding wheel head bracket comprises torque motors vertically provided, a lower part of the torque motor is connected to a horizontally provided spindle by means of a bearing of a rotation table, grinding wheels rotating around an axis of the spindle are symmetrically provided at two sides of the spindle, the grinding wheel head bracket further comprises a big rotatable pulley provided at an upper part of the grinding wheel head bracket and driven to rotate by spindle motors, the big pulley is connected to a spindle pulley by a wide synchronous belt.

An abrasive article including a base having an annular shape defining a central opening; and a mounting assembly coupled to the base, wherein a portion of the mounting assembly is under a compressive force, and a grinding segment coupled to the mounting member.

A tool is disclosed for selective honing of the outer diameter of a cylinder using an abrasive belt in semi-circular contact upon the outer-diameter of a cylindrical work-piece to perform a similar function to honing the inner-diameter of a hollow cylinder. The belt is retained within the tool body by U-shaped restraint arms, and a slot in the tool body. A clamp block retains the ends of the belt which exit the slot. Springs on the arms, and contact of the block on the outside of the tool body, force the belt into a triangular shape inside the body. A cylindrical work-piece inserted within the triangular shaped belt causes the belt to deform into three semi-circular areas of contact between the belt and work-piece. When the work-piece is rotated, the belt abrades material from the work-piece.

A carboxylate detergent prepared by the process comprising (a) alkylating a hydroxyaromatic compound with at least one normal alpha olefin having from about 12 to about 30 carbon atoms per molecule that has been isomerized to obtain an isomerized alpha olefin having 15-98 wt % branching and a residual alpha olefin content of between from about 0.1 to about 30 wt %, thereby producing an alkylated hydroxyaromatic compound; (b) neutralizing the resulting alkylated hydroxyaromatic compound with an alkali metal base; (c) carbonating the alkali metal salt from step (b) with carbon dioxide; (d) acidifying the salt produced in step (c); and (e) overbasing the resulting alkylated hydroxyaromatic carboxylic acid.

Provided for are lubricant base stocks with improved filterability. The lubricant base stock includes a bright stock and an effective amount of a heavy neutral. The filterability of the base stock as measured by the Membrane Filtration Method is less than or equal to 400 seconds. Also provided for are lubricating oils with improved filterability and methods of improving the filterability of lubricant base stocks.

The lubricating base oil of the invention is characterized by satisfying at least one of the following conditions (a) or (b). (a) A saturated compound content of 95% by mass or greater, and a proportion of 0.1-10% by mass of cyclic saturated compounds among the saturated compounds.(b) The condition represented by the following formula (1). 1.435≦n20−0.002×kv100≦1.450 (1) wherein n20 represents the refractive index of the lubricating base oil at 20° C., and kv100 represents the kinematic viscosity (mm2/s) of the lubricating base oil at 100° C.

This invention relates to terpene derived compounds and farnesene derived compounds, and to the use of such terpene derived compounds and farnesene derived compounds in lubricants, detergents, dispersants, functional fluids, fuels, polymer compositions, cold flow improvers, and the like.

Lubrication additives of the current invention require formation of emulsions in base lubricants, created with an aqueous salt solution plus a single-phase compound such that partitioning within the resulting emulsion provides thermodynamically targeted compounds for boundary layer organization thus establishing anti-friction and/or anti-wear. The single-phase compound is termed “boundary layer organizer”, abbreviated BLO. These emulsion-contained compounds energetically favor association with tribologic surfaces in accord with the Second Law of Thermodynamics, and will organize boundary layers on those surfaces in ways specific to the chemistry of the salt and BLO additives. In this way friction modifications may be provided by BLOs targeted to boundary layers via emulsions within lubricating fluids, wherein those lubricating fluids may be water-based or oil-based.

A water-soluble metalworking oil agent is provided by blending the following components A, B, C and D: (A) at least one of a condensed fatty acid obtained by dehydration-condensing a ricinoleic acid, and a condensed fatty acid obtained by dehydration-condensing a monovalent carboxylic acid with an alcoholic hydroxyl group of a condensed fatty acid obtained by dehydration-condensing a ricinoleic acid;(B) an ester compound provided by a dehydration condensate of a monovalent or multivalent alcohol and a monovalent carboxylic acid;(C) an amine compound; and(D) water. A blend ratio of the component A is 10 mass % or more of a total amount of the oil agent and a blend ratio of the component B is 5 mass % or more of the total amount of the oil agent.

Provided are a lubricant composition capable of reducing friction between sliding parts at least one of which contains an aluminum-based material in a lubrication section, and a method for lubricating an aluminum-based member with the composition. The lubricant composition is for use in a lubrication section having sliding parts at least one of which contains an aluminum-based material, and contains a lubricant base oil and at least one of a phosphorus-containing carboxylic compound and a metal salt thereof (component (A)) at 0.001 to 1 mass % of the composition in terms of phosphorus. The composition may suitably be used as lubricant such as drive train lubricant for automatic or manual transmissions, grease, wet brake oil, hydraulic actuation oil, turbine oil, compressor oil, bearing oil, refrigerant oil, and the like used in apparatus having the sliding parts.

A carriage is moved in a direction including a Y axis component in order to move a turning process tool that is attached to a tool spindle along a horizontal line that is perpendicular to a Z axis, and thus, a turning process is carried out on a workpiece which is attached to a workpiece spindle.

A shaping machine system including a shaping device and a computer is provided. The shaping device includes at least one jig mount body configured for mounting a jig; a shaping tool support body configured for supporting a shaping tool; a first drive device configured for rotating the shaping tool; and a second drive device configured for driving the shaping tool support body or the at least one jig mount body or changing a posture of the shaping tool relative to the workpiece. The computer is configured for controlling the first and second drive devices according to predetermined shaping data. The computer includes a jig position measuring unit configured for measuring a position of the jig; a position error detecting unit configured for detecting a position error of the jig, and a shaping data correcting unit configured for correcting the predetermined shaping data according to a jig position error.

A horizontal machining center includes: a table driven in first and second directions (directions indicated by arrows 530p and 530q, respectively) allowing the table to approach and move away from a spindle, respectively; a magazine having a plurality of tool gripping claws; and a coupling mechanism for coupling the table and the magazine together and moving the magazine in one of the first and second directions when the table is driven in the other of the first and second directions. When a tool attached to the spindle is removed from the spindle, the table is driven in the first direction, and when a tool accommodated by the magazine is attached to the spindle, the table is driven in the second direction. A horizontal machining center having a simple structure and prevented from having a bulky structure can thus be accomplished.

A network component comprising at least one processor coupled to a memory and configured to exchange security information using a plurality of attributes in a management entity (ME) in an optical network unit (ONU) via an ONU management control interface (OMCI) channel, wherein the attributes provide security features for the ONU and an optical line terminal (OLT). Also included is an apparatus comprising an ONU configured to couple to an OLT and comprising an OMCI ME, wherein the OMCI ME comprises a plurality of attributes that support a plurality of security features for transmissions between the ONU and the OLT, and wherein the attributes are communicated via an OMCI channel between the ONU and the OLT and provide the security features for the ONU and the OLT.

A system and method are disclosed for transporting deterministic traffic in a gigabit passive optical network. A system that incorporates teachings of the present disclosure may include, for example, an Optical Line Termination (OLT) for exchanging data traffic in a Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) having a controller programmed to generate a timeslot schedule for transport of a desired bandwidth of constant bit rate (CBR) data traffic by selecting one or more timeslots from periodic frame clusters operating according to a GPON Transmission Convergence (GTC) protocol. Additional embodiments are disclosed.

A multi-channel optoelectronic device is configured to establish a redundant status link with a remote device. The optoelectronic device can transmit N transmit optical signals to the remote device over a plurality of transmit channels and receive N receive optical signals from the remote device over a plurality of receive channels. The optoelectronic device includes one or more spare transmit and receive channels. When used with a remote device having spare transmit and receive channels, each device can establish a status link with the other and use the status link to switch out transmit and/or receive channels to identify and permanently switch out the worst transmit and/or receive channels. Alternately, the device can interoperate with a non-status-link enabled remote device by determining that the remote device is not status-link enabled, transitioning to a low transmit power mode, and transmitting and receiving over a plurality of default transmit and receive channels.

The invention provides optical interconnects of data-processing cores of multicore chips by means of digital planar holographic microchips. The method comprises delivering “N” laser lights to “N” data-processing cores on the host chip, coding the obtained optical signals by modulating them with the core-generated data, and then delivering the modulated and coded optical signals to a holographic microchip formed on the same substrate of the host chip as the data-processing cores, splitting the modulated and coded optical signals into (N−1)N modulated optical copy signals, delivering the copy signals to all data-processing cores except the one that generates the copy signals, and decoding the data obtained from the output signals delivered to the processing cores by the receivers. The method is efficient in that it allows replacing electrical interconnects between the cores with optical interconnects and can be matched to current semiconductor production technology.

Techniques are provided describing a first connector unit that receives first data from a first transceiver and a second connector unit that receives second data from a second transceiver. A switch unit is configured to receive first switch data from the first connector unit at a first data rate and second switch data from the second connector unit at the first data rate. A third connector unit receives the first switch or the second switch data from the switch unit and a second portion of the second data from the second connector unit. The third connector unit also sends the first switch data to a host port when the first connector unit receives the first data and to send the second switch data and the second portion of the second data to the host port when the second connector unit receives the second data.

A method and system for providing joint IP/Optical Layer restoration mechanisms for the IP over Optical Layer architecture, particularly for protecting against router failure within such architecture, includes any one of plural node elements participating in the detection and restoration of the joint IP/Optical Layer architecture upon the failure of a router in one of the nodes. The plural node elements may include, but are not limited to, one of plural routers and an optical cross-connect.

Disclosed herein are various embodiments of a time-domain reflectometer having a transmitter configured to apply, to a system under test (SUT), an intensity-modulated probe signal generated based on a periodic pseudo-random bit sequence. The reflectometer further has a receiver configured to receive, back from the SUT, a reflected signal corresponding to the probe signal. The receiver converts the received reflected signal into a binary bit sequence using a relatively simple slicer circuit, and without the use of complex analog circuits and/or multi-bit analog-to-digital converters. The binary bit sequence is then compared with the original pseudo-random bit sequence to obtain a measure of the impulse response of the SUT. In some embodiments, the reflectometer has a controllable noise generator that can be used, e.g., to optimize the obtained measure for the detection of multiple SUT defects having significantly differing reflection characteristics.

An optical line termination node has a first connection arrangement for connecting a working fiber, a second connection arrangement for connecting a protection fiber, a transceiver arrangement having first primary link and a first secondary link, and protection switching means configured for being switched either in a working operating state or in a protection operating state.

A repeater includes a reception part configured to receive an optical signal transmitted by wavelength division multiplexing from a preceding repeater in a path from a source to a destination; a determination part configured to determine the channel allocation of the signal received by the reception part by determining a bit rate and a modulation technique with respect to each of channels in the received signal; and a detection part configured to detect a prohibited channel not to be included in the optical signal to be transmitted from the repeater, based on the channel allocation and a predetermined criterion.

Disclosed is a transmitter optical module which includes a first package generating an optical signal; a second package bonded with the first package by using chip-to-chip bonding, having a silicon optical circuit platform structure, and amplifying the optical signal; and an optical waveguide forming a transmission path of the optical signal from the first package to the second package.

A skiving tool for manufacturing a rotationally symmetrical periodical structure on a work piece by means of a power skiving method. The skiving tool comprises a base body comprising a central rotation axis and a plurality of receiving openings and a plurality of cutter bars, fewer than or equal to the number of receiving openings. Each of the receiving openings has an elongate shape having a longitudinal axis, and the receiving openings can be arranged uniformly around the central rotation axis. The longitudinal axes of the receiving openings are generators of a rotation hyperboloid, which is arranged rotationally symmetrical to the central rotation axis.