ge Astronomers release highest-resolution images ever of the Sun’s corona By insider.si.edu Published On :: Fri, 20 Jul 2012 15:19:56 +0000 Today, astronomers are releasing the highest-resolution images ever taken of the Sun's corona, or million-degree outer atmosphere, in an extreme-ultraviolet wavelength of light. The post Astronomers release highest-resolution images ever of the Sun’s corona appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Science & Nature Space astronomy astrophysics Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Sun
ge Largest ever 3D map of the sky released by astronomers By insider.si.edu Published On :: Thu, 09 Aug 2012 11:42:54 +0000 The Sloan Digital Sky Survey III (SDSS-III) has released the largest three-dimensional map of massive galaxies and distant black holes ever created. The post Largest ever 3D map of the sky released by astronomers appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Science & Nature Space astronomy astrophysics black holes Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian galaxies Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
ge Today’s domestic turkeys are genetically distinct from wild ancestors By insider.si.edu Published On :: Tue, 09 Oct 2012 19:35:18 +0000 What scientists found was that the domestic turkey that ends up on the dinner table exhibits less genetic variation than its ancestral wild counterparts, which were first domesticated in 800 B.C.. The post Today’s domestic turkeys are genetically distinct from wild ancestors appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Science & Nature birds conservation Feather Identification Lab Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute
ge As they grow some squid change dramatically, making scientists cautious about naming new species By insider.si.edu Published On :: Thu, 11 Oct 2012 17:11:13 +0000 A specimen recently pulled from deep in the southwest Atlantic may represent a new species of squid, say scientist who have studied the animal’s unusual morphology. But then again, it may not… The post As they grow some squid change dramatically, making scientists cautious about naming new species appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Marine Science Science & Nature National Museum of Natural History new species squid
ge Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute and George Mason University dedicate new academic facilities in Front Royal, Va. By insider.si.edu Published On :: Fri, 19 Oct 2012 12:50:00 +0000 The Smithsonian-Mason School of Conservation, a unique program in terms of its academic offerings and contributions to the field of conservation, celebrated the completion of its expansive new academic facilities today, Oct. 18, at the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute in Front Royal, Va. The post Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute and George Mason University dedicate new academic facilities in Front Royal, Va. appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Science & Nature amphibian biodiversity conservation conservation biology endangered species mammals Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute Smithsonian's National Zoo veterinary medicine
ge First of seven mirrors completed for Giant Magellan Telescope By insider.si.edu Published On :: Wed, 24 Oct 2012 12:21:38 +0000 Scientists at the University of Arizona and in California have completed the most challenging large astronomical mirror ever made. The post First of seven mirrors completed for Giant Magellan Telescope appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Science & Nature Space astronomy astrophysics Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
ge Climate change may alter amphibian evolution By insider.si.edu Published On :: Wed, 24 Oct 2012 17:46:00 +0000 Justin Touchon, post-doctoral fellow at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, discovered that climate change in Panama may be altering frogs’ course of evolution. The post Climate change may alter amphibian evolution appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Science & Nature conservation biology evolution frogs
ge Panama’s slime molds get attention from Arkansas University grad student By insider.si.edu Published On :: Thu, 13 Dec 2012 17:45:54 +0000 This past summer, Laura Walker became the first scientist to collect slime molds from soils at the Barro Colorado Nature Monument in Panama, a reserve administered by the Smithsonain since 1946. The post Panama’s slime molds get attention from Arkansas University grad student appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Science & Nature Center for Tropical Forest Science conservation biology fungi
ge Discovery of new prehistoric mosquitoes reveal these blood-suckers have changed little in 46 million years By insider.si.edu Published On :: Mon, 07 Jan 2013 18:08:19 +0000 Found in well preserved shale deposits the fossils are so detailed that scientists were able to determine they represent two previously unknown species. The post Discovery of new prehistoric mosquitoes reveal these blood-suckers have changed little in 46 million years appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Dinosaurs & Fossils Science & Nature insects National Museum of Natural History new species
ge Klondike, puppy born from a frozen embryo, fetches good news for endangered animals By insider.si.edu Published On :: Fri, 08 Feb 2013 17:12:29 +0000 The process of freezing materials such as fertilized eggs – cryopreservation – provides researchers with a tool to repopulate endangered species. The post Klondike, puppy born from a frozen embryo, fetches good news for endangered animals appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals conservation conservation biology endangered species mammals new species Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute veterinary medicine
ge Browsing suburbia: Virginia’s parceled-up farms and forests are ideal refuge for white-tailed deer By insider.si.edu Published On :: Fri, 22 Feb 2013 14:57:59 +0000 Forget the deep forest, “today the highest densities of deer in the state of Virginia are in suburbia,” says William McShea, ecologist and research scientist at the Smithsonian’s Conservation Biology Institute in Front Royal, Va. The post Browsing suburbia: Virginia’s parceled-up farms and forests are ideal refuge for white-tailed deer appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals conservation biology Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute
ge Small migratory birds age faster in stressful places, study reveals By insider.si.edu Published On :: Tue, 26 Feb 2013 16:20:32 +0000 Small migratory male birds that winter in a stressful environment age faster than those that winter in a high-quality habitat, according to research stemming from […] The post Small migratory birds age faster in stressful places, study reveals appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Science & Nature biodiversity birds conservation conservation biology Feather Identification Lab Migratory Bird Center migratory birds
ge Success in breeding endangered frogs! By insider.si.edu Published On :: Fri, 22 Mar 2013 17:18:33 +0000 The limosa harlequin frog (Atelopus limosus), an endangered species native to Panama, now has a new lease on life. The Panama Amphibian Rescue and Conservation […] The post Success in breeding endangered frogs! appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Research News Science & Nature Spotlight amphibian animal births captive breeding chytrid fungus conservation conservation biology endangered species extinction frogs Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute Smithsonian's National Zoo
ge Powerful computer simulations show how spiral galaxies get their arms By insider.si.edu Published On :: Wed, 03 Apr 2013 12:25:13 +0000 Spiral galaxies are some of the most beautiful and photogenic residents of the universe. Our own Milky Way is a spiral. Our solar system and […] The post Powerful computer simulations show how spiral galaxies get their arms appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Research News Science & Nature Space astronomy astrophysics Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian galaxies Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
ge Penguins once thrived in Africa; one endangered species lives there today By insider.si.edu Published On :: Wed, 03 Apr 2013 17:33:49 +0000 Africa isn’t the kind of place you might expect to find penguins. But one species lives along Africa’s southern coast today, and newly found fossils […] The post Penguins once thrived in Africa; one endangered species lives there today appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Dinosaurs & Fossils Marine Science Research News Science & Nature biodiversity birds climate change conservation endangered species extinction National Museum of Natural History new species osteology
ge Giant Magellan Telescope By insider.si.edu Published On :: Wed, 17 Apr 2013 16:36:18 +0000 This simulated image shows the Giant Magellan Telescope in operation in Chile while deploying lasers for its adaptive-optics system. The GMT is scheduled to begin […] The post Giant Magellan Telescope appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Research News Science & Nature Space Spotlight
ge A meteorite explodes on the Moon: Q&A with geophysicist Bruce Campbell By insider.si.edu Published On :: Thu, 30 May 2013 09:49:04 +0000 A fiery explosion on the surface of the Moon, visible to the naked eye, recently surprised NASA astronomers monitoring the Moon for meteorite strikes. Occurring […] The post A meteorite explodes on the Moon: Q&A with geophysicist Bruce Campbell appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Q & A Research News Science & Nature Space meteorites
ge Young star suggests our sun was a feisty toddler By insider.si.edu Published On :: Thu, 06 Jun 2013 10:30:06 +0000 If you had a time machine that could take you anywhere in the past, what time would you choose? Most people would probably pick the […] The post Young star suggests our sun was a feisty toddler appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Research News Science & Nature Space astronomy astrophysics Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian Chandra X-Ray Observatory Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Sun
ge Genome: Unlocking Life’s Code By insider.si.edu Published On :: Wed, 19 Jun 2013 17:22:39 +0000 The Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History, in partnership with the National Human Genome Research Institute of the National Institutes of Health, has opened “Genome: […] The post Genome: Unlocking Life’s Code appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Research News Science & Nature Spotlight conservation biology exhibitions
ge “Ecosystems on the Edge” on Youtube By insider.si.edu Published On :: Tue, 02 Jul 2013 13:38:19 +0000 The Smithsonian Environmental Research Center has just launched a new series of 15 short educational videos titled “Ecosystems on the Edge,” which mainly focus on […] The post “Ecosystems on the Edge” on Youtube appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Science & Nature Chesapeake Bay
ge Forest corridors essential to gene flow in India’s leopard and tiger populations By insider.si.edu Published On :: Wed, 31 Jul 2013 19:05:35 +0000 As economic expansion and development fragments the forest landscape of central India, the species that rely on that habitat—including endangered tigers and leopards—face dwindling populations […] The post Forest corridors essential to gene flow in India’s leopard and tiger populations appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Research News Science & Nature biodiversity conservation conservation biology endangered species mammals Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute veterinary medicine
ge Zoo scientists find sudden stream temperature changes boost hellbender immune systems By insider.si.edu Published On :: Tue, 10 Sep 2013 18:24:39 +0000 Hellbenders, aquatic salamanders from the eastern United States, are surprisingly good at dealing with unpredictable weather. In a recent study published in the Journal of […] The post Zoo scientists find sudden stream temperature changes boost hellbender immune systems appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Research News Science & Nature carbon dioxide climate change conservation conservation biology Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute Smithsonian's National Zoo
ge Funeral flowers in the Stone Age: Q&A with Smithsonian anthropologist Reuven Yeshurun By insider.si.edu Published On :: Mon, 23 Sep 2013 06:56:35 +0000 Roses, carnations and lilies are today among the most popular flowers people use to express sympathy and condolence. The simple act of sending flowers to […] The post Funeral flowers in the Stone Age: Q&A with Smithsonian anthropologist Reuven Yeshurun appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Anthropology Dinosaurs & Fossils Q & A Research News Science & Nature archaeology National Museum of Natural History prehistoric
ge Remarkably large and colorful new beetle discovered in French Guiana By insider.si.edu Published On :: Tue, 03 Dec 2013 17:17:02 +0000 Scientists from the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History have just named and described the Spectacular Guyane False-form beetle, or Guyanemorpha spectabilis, from Guyane (French Guiana). […] The post Remarkably large and colorful new beetle discovered in French Guiana appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Research News Science & Nature ants biodiversity conservation conservation biology insects National Museum of Natural History new species
ge Package-delivering drones? Q&A with Roger Connor of the National Air and Space Museum By insider.si.edu Published On :: Mon, 09 Dec 2013 06:00:33 +0000 Santa Claus and his sleigh full of gifts has been upstaged early this holiday season by news of autonomous drones possibly delivering packages to your […] The post Package-delivering drones? Q&A with Roger Connor of the National Air and Space Museum appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article History & Culture Q & A Science & Nature aeronautics aviation National Air and Space Museum technology
ge Non-insect invertebrates are focus of new global genome-sequencing alliance By insider.si.edu Published On :: Fri, 13 Dec 2013 13:55:44 +0000 For scientists who study non-insect invertebrates, the sheer diversity of these odd and fascinating creatures is both intoxicating and daunting. Occupying niches in habitats the […] The post Non-insect invertebrates are focus of new global genome-sequencing alliance appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Marine Science Q & A Research News Science & Nature climate change conservation biology National Museum of Natural History new species technology worms
ge Smithsonian scientists discover new ghost ant genus and species By insider.si.edu Published On :: Tue, 31 Dec 2013 13:12:33 +0000 Scientists at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History have discovered a new genus and species of attine ants that reveals key clues in the […] The post Smithsonian scientists discover new ghost ant genus and species appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Research News Science & Nature conservation biology fungi insects National Museum of Natural History new species
ge New dragon-like mite found in Ohio is gentle, reclusive By insider.si.edu Published On :: Thu, 06 Mar 2014 15:47:50 +0000 A new species of mite discovered recently in Ohio is so tiny that it lives in the space between particles in sandy, impoverished soils. Despite […] The post New dragon-like mite found in Ohio is gentle, reclusive appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Research News Science & Nature insects National Museum of Natural History new species prehistoric spiders
ge One Scary Chicken—New species of large, feathered dinosaur discovered By insider.si.edu Published On :: Wed, 19 Mar 2014 21:01:21 +0000 Finding a fossil is the first step, recognizing it for what it truly is, is the real challenge. While closely studying three fossil skeletons from […] The post One Scary Chicken—New species of large, feathered dinosaur discovered appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Dinosaurs & Fossils Research News Science & Nature birds dinosaurs exhibitions extinction fossils National Museum of Natural History new acquisitions new species prehistoric
ge Losing large mammals increases human risk from rodent-borne diseases By insider.si.edu Published On :: Mon, 28 Apr 2014 19:14:41 +0000 Save the Rhinos! Save the Elephants! Save the humans?! It seems strange to be connecting our own fate to that of wildlife but new research […] The post Losing large mammals increases human risk from rodent-borne diseases appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Q & A Research News Science & Nature biodiversity conservation biology endangered species mammals National Museum of Natural History veterinary medicine
ge Turtle lineage solved in new study By insider.si.edu Published On :: Tue, 06 May 2014 14:04:49 +0000 Turtles have long been the subject of one the most contentious questions in evolutionary biology: where do they fit among vertebrates in the evolutionary tree […] The post Turtle lineage solved in new study appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Research News Science & Nature birds National Museum of Natural History reptiles snakes
ge Commercial shipping lanes changed in Panama to save humpback whales By insider.si.edu Published On :: Wed, 28 May 2014 19:07:39 +0000 The Republic of Panama’s proposal to implement four Traffic Separation Schemes for commercial vessels entering and exiting the Panama Canal and ports was approved unanimously […] The post Commercial shipping lanes changed in Panama to save humpback whales appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Marine Science Research News Science & Nature Colombia conservation conservation biology Ecuador endangered species South America Tropical Research Institute whales
ge Mining astronomical archives yields haul of “red nugget” galaxies By insider.si.edu Published On :: Wed, 11 Jun 2014 23:19:15 +0000 The world of astronomy has changed. An astronomer used to have to travel to a remote location and endure long, cold nights, patiently guiding a […] The post Mining astronomical archives yields haul of “red nugget” galaxies appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Research News Science & Nature Space astronomy astrophysics Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian galaxies Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
ge Gemini reveals a gravitational wave source in hiding By insider.si.edu Published On :: Wed, 09 Jul 2014 14:47:25 +0000 Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity predicts that accelerated masses emit gravitational waves, or ripples in space-time. Even though gravitational waves have yet to be detected […] The post Gemini reveals a gravitational wave source in hiding appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Research News Science & Nature Space Spotlight astronomy astrophysics Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
ge Sun-like stars reveal their ages By insider.si.edu Published On :: Thu, 10 Jul 2014 09:19:01 +0000 Defining what makes a star “Sun-like” is as difficult as defining what makes a planet “Earth-like.” A solar twin should have a temperature, mass, and […] The post Sun-like stars reveal their ages appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Research News Science & Nature Space astronomy astrophysics Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
ge Transiting exoplanet with longest known year By insider.si.edu Published On :: Mon, 21 Jul 2014 17:20:30 +0000 Astronomers have discovered a transiting exoplanet with the longest known year. Kepler-421b circles its star once every 704 days. In comparison, Mars orbits our Sun […] The post Transiting exoplanet with longest known year appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Research News Science & Nature Spotlight astronomy astrophysics Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
ge Biological fallout of shale-gas production still largely unknown By insider.si.edu Published On :: Fri, 01 Aug 2014 13:07:37 +0000 In the United States, natural-gas production from shale rock has increased by more than 700 percent since 2007. Yet scientists still do not fully understand […] The post Biological fallout of shale-gas production still largely unknown appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Research News Science & Nature conservation conservation biology materials science pollution Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute technology
ge Chandra Observatory searches for trigger of nearby supernova By insider.si.edu Published On :: Tue, 19 Aug 2014 12:19:08 +0000 New data from NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory offer a glimpse into the environment of a star before it exploded earlier this year, and insight into […] The post Chandra Observatory searches for trigger of nearby supernova appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Research News Science & Nature Space astronomy astrophysics Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory supernova
ge Faithful crabs engage in risky behavior when opportunity arises By insider.si.edu Published On :: Thu, 04 Sep 2014 18:07:19 +0000 In theory, crabs of the species Planes major should stay true to their mates for life. Heterosexual pairs of these small crustaceans live on loggerhead […] The post Faithful crabs engage in risky behavior when opportunity arises appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Marine Science Research News Science & Nature biodiversity conservation biology fishes National Museum of Natural History Peru South America
ge Maybe it’s safer riding a rhino. Genet expert poses new ideas on the mammal’s hitchhiking behavior By insider.si.edu Published On :: Tue, 23 Sep 2014 02:18:55 +0000 When some of the world’s largest mammals come your way, most animals steer clear. Not the genet. The small cat-like carnivore was captured on film […] The post Maybe it’s safer riding a rhino. Genet expert poses new ideas on the mammal’s hitchhiking behavior appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Q & A Research News Science & Nature camera traps mammals
ge What is that?! Five Amazing Microscopic Images By insider.si.edu Published On :: Wed, 22 Oct 2014 15:00:09 +0000 From bizarre bugs to penis spines on bats, our world is infinitely expanded when we look down the microscope! Check out the stories behind these […] The post What is that?! Five Amazing Microscopic Images appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Science & Nature ants bats fungi insects spiders
ge Eight strange but true spider facts By insider.si.edu Published On :: Fri, 28 Nov 2014 11:03:27 +0000 1. Some male spiders just want to be eaten Black widows are known for cannibalizing their mates, but this doesn’t actually happen all the time. […] The post Eight strange but true spider facts appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Science & Nature insects Smithsonian's National Zoo spiders
ge In modern amphibian “ark,” new species added with due diligence By insider.si.edu Published On :: Mon, 08 Dec 2014 18:07:42 +0000 Bright orange with a distinctive call the Panamanian poison dart frog Andinobates geminisae lives in only a small area of the Caribbean Coast of Panama. […] The post In modern amphibian “ark,” new species added with due diligence appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Research News Science & Nature amphibian captive breeding Caribbean chytrid fungus climate change conservation biology endangered species frogs Smithsonian's National Zoo
ge Five Images of our universe that will astound you By insider.si.edu Published On :: Mon, 22 Dec 2014 17:03:59 +0000 1. Centaurus A – A split-personality elliptical galaxy Centaurus A isn’t your typical elliptical galaxy. Its most striking feature is a dark dust lane across […] The post Five Images of our universe that will astound you appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Science & Nature Space astronomy astrophysics Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian
ge In Belize, Critically endangered wrasse now favorite food of invasive lionfish By insider.si.edu Published On :: Mon, 04 May 2015 14:58:38 +0000 Scientists examining the stomach contents of invasive lionfish caught on the inner barrier reef of Belize have discovered that nearly half of the diet of […] The post In Belize, Critically endangered wrasse now favorite food of invasive lionfish appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Marine Science Research News Science & Nature conservation biology coral reefs endangered species fishes invasive species National Museum of Natural History
ge Unplugged: 5 batteries that gave the world a jolt By insider.si.edu Published On :: Tue, 26 May 2015 18:21:23 +0000 Batteries power virtually every aspect of modern life. So small, so portable, and so easy to forget—but how many times have you simply started your […] The post Unplugged: 5 batteries that gave the world a jolt appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article History & Culture Science & Nature materials science National Museum of American History technology
ge Geologic Mapping of Mars By insider.si.edu Published On :: Thu, 28 May 2015 16:39:14 +0000 Geologic mapping is an integral part of exploration and understanding a planetary landscape, because it shows the relationships between geologic units and helps delineate the […] The post Geologic Mapping of Mars appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Research News Science & Nature Space Spotlight astronomy astrophysics geology National Air and Space Museum
ge This simple trick helped fix a wildlife water shortage in Cambodia By insider.si.edu Published On :: Wed, 17 Jun 2015 13:05:17 +0000 It is a simple solution to a wildlife water shortage. During the annual dry season [November through April] in a protected forest in eastern Cambodia, […] The post This simple trick helped fix a wildlife water shortage in Cambodia appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Research News Science & Nature amphibian biodiversity birds camera traps climate change conservation conservation biology endangered species frogs mammals migratory birds Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute
ge Digitized, Searchable Archives Help Revive ‘Sleeping’ Languages By insider.si.edu Published On :: Thu, 23 Jul 2015 13:16:43 +0000 Like other kids at summer camp, a group of youngsters in the cities of Miami, Okla. and Fort Wayne, Ind. play games, work on crafts […] The post Digitized, Searchable Archives Help Revive ‘Sleeping’ Languages appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Anthropology Research News Science & Nature digitization National Museum of Natural History technology
ge CASSIOPEIA’S HIDDEN GEM: THE CLOSEST ROCKY, TRANSITING PLANET By insider.si.edu Published On :: Mon, 03 Aug 2015 14:30:22 +0000 Skygazers at northern latitudes are familiar with the W-shaped star pattern of Cassiopeia the Queen. This circumpolar constellation is visible year-round near the North Star. […] The post CASSIOPEIA’S HIDDEN GEM: THE CLOSEST ROCKY, TRANSITING PLANET appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Research News Science & Nature Space Spotlight astronomy astrophysics planets Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory