This country note for the Netherlands provides detail on the proportion of CO2 emissions from energy use subject to different effective carbon rates (ECR), as well as on the level and components of average ECRs in each of the six economic sectors (road transport, off-road transport, industry, agriculture and fishing, residential & commercial, and electricity).

The digital revolution, globalisation and demographic changes are transforming labour markets at a time when policy makers are also struggling with slow productivity and wage growth and high levels of income inequality. The new OECD Jobs Strategy provides a comprehensive framework and policy recommendations to help countries address these challenges.

Government at a Glance provides a dashboard of key indicators to help you analyse international comparisons of public sector performance.

Key findings for The Netherlands from the report "Pensions at a Glance 2019"

The tax-to-GDP ratio in the Netherlands increased by 0.1 percentage point from 38.7% in 2017 to 38.8% in 2018. The corresponding figure for the OECD average was a slight increase of 0.1 percentage point from 34.2% to 34.3% over the same period.

Precipitation in Somalia decreased to 7.17 mm in December from 34.67 mm in November of 2015. Precipitation in Somalia averaged 22.51 mm from 1901 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 136.24 mm in November of 1961 and a record low of 0.75 mm in December of 1967. This page includes a chart with historical data for Somalia Average Precipitation.

Somalia recorded a trade deficit of 2852.50 USD Million in 2018. Balance of Trade in Somalia averaged -945.11 USD Million from 1998 until 2018, reaching an all time high of -101.76 USD Million in 2003 and a record low of -2938.60 USD Million in 2017. Somalia’s systemic trade deficit is the result of the country’s dependency on imports of food, fuel, construction materials and manufactured goods. Main exports are: livestock, bananas, skins, fish, charcoal and scrap metal. Somalia main trading partners are the United Arab Emirates, Yemen and Oman. This page provides - Somalia Balance of Trade - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Somalia is the 180 least corrupt nation out of 175 countries, according to the 2019 Corruption Perceptions Index reported by Transparency International. Corruption Rank in Somalia averaged 174.93 from 2005 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 182 in 2011 and a record low of 144 in 2005. The Corruption Perceptions Index ranks countries and territories based on how corrupt their public sector is perceived to be. A country or territory's rank indicates its position relative to the other countries and territories in the index. This page provides the latest reported value for - Somalia Corruption Rank - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Consumer Price Index Cpi in Somalia increased to 116.55 points in March from 114.13 points in February of 2020. Consumer Price Index Cpi in Somalia averaged 112.27 points from 2018 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 117.01 points in June of 2019 and a record low of 106.24 points in January of 2018. The most important categories in the Somali consumer price index are Food & Non-Alcoholic Beverages (46 percent of the total weight) and Housing, Water, Electricity & Gas (23 percent), followed by Clothing & Footwear (5 percent), Health (5 percent), Transport (4 percent), Furnishing, Households & Maintenance (3 percent), Communication (3 percent), Tobacco & Narcotics (1 percent), and Recreation & Culture (1 percent). This page provides - Somalia Consumer Price Index CPI- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Cpi Housing Utilities in Somalia remained unchanged at 103.88 points in March from 103.88 points in February of 2020. Cpi Housing Utilities in Somalia averaged 105.28 points from 2018 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 109.28 points in November of 2018 and a record low of 101.76 points in June of 2019. In Somalia, Housing, Water, Electricity & Gas accounts for 23 percent of total Consumer Price Index (CPI). This page provides - Somalia CPI Housing & Utilities- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

In general, a credit rating is used by sovereign wealth funds, pension funds and other investors to gauge the credit worthiness of Somalia thus having a big impact on the country's borrowing costs. This page includes the government debt credit rating for Somalia as reported by major credit rating agencies.

Somalia recorded 928 Coronavirus Cases since the epidemic began, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In addition, Somalia reported 44 Coronavirus Deaths. This page includes a chart with historical data for Somalia Coronavirus Cases.

Somalia recorded 44 Coronavirus Deaths since the epidemic began, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In addition, Somalia reported 928 Coronavirus Cases. This page includes a chart with historical data for Somalia Coronavirus Deaths.

Somalia recorded 106 Coronavirus Recovered since the epidemic began, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In addition, Somalia reported 44 Coronavirus Deaths. This page includes a chart with historical data for Somalia Coronavirus Recovered.

Employment Rate in France increased to 65.90 percent in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 65.20 percent in the third quarter of 2019. Employment Rate in France averaged 63.89 percent from 2003 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 65.90 percent in the fourth quarter of 2019 and a record low of 63 percent in the fourth quarter of 2005. In France, the employment rate measures the number of people aged 15 to 64 who have a job as a percentage of the labour force from the same age group. This page provides - France Employment Rate- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Employment Rate in South Africa remained unchanged at 42.40 percent in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 42.40 percent in the third quarter of 2019. Employment Rate in South Africa averaged 43.16 percent from 2000 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 46.17 percent in the fourth quarter of 2008 and a record low of 41 percent in the first quarter of 2004. In South Africa, the employment rate measures the number of people who have a job as a percentage of the working age population. This page provides - South Africa Employment Rate- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Employment Rate in Mexico increased to 97.06 percent in March from 96.43 percent in February of 2020. Employment Rate in Mexico averaged 95.79 percent from 2005 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 97.23 percent in December of 2005 and a record low of 93.58 percent in September of 2009. In Mexico, the employment rate measures the number of people who have a job as a percentage of the labour force. This page provides - Mexico Employment Rate- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Employment Rate in Canada decreased to 52.10 percent in April from 58.50 percent in March of 2020. Employment Rate in Canada averaged 60.35 percent from 1976 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 63.70 percent in February of 2008 and a record low of 52.10 percent in April of 2020. In Canada, the employment rate measures the number of people who have a job as a percentage of the working age population. This page provides - Canada Employment Rate- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The country profile: pension eligibility ages and other qualifying conditions; the rules for calculating benefit entitlements; the treatment of early and late retirees; personal income tax and social security contributions.

This note is taken from Chapter 2 of Economic Policy Reforms: Going for Growth 2011.

This one-pager note presents key findings for Turkey from Society at a Glance 2011 - OECD Social indicators. This 2011 publication also provides a special chapter on unpaid work across the OECD.

Turkey has implemented ambitious reforms since the late 1990s. However, support remains higher than the average in the OECD area and the most distorting forms dominate.

This note is taken from Chapter 2 of Economic Policy Reforms: Going for Growth 2012.

The conference discussed the results of the project as well as policy recommendations on training and skills development for the creation of an innovative and competitive SME sector in OECD countries.

Education at a Glance 2013 - Country notes and key fact tables

Mr. Angel Gurría will be in Istanbul on 2- 3 October 2013, to attend the Informal Meeting of OECD Ministers of Education taking place under the overall theme Fostering skills and employability through education. The Secretary-General will deliver opening remarks on “Kick-starting a global skills revolution”, alongside Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and Minister of National Education Nabi Avci.

These country notes contain indicators which compare the political and institutional frameworks of national governments as well as revenues and expenditures, employment, and compensation. They include a description of government policies on integrity, e-government and open government.

This note presents key findings for Turkey from Society at a Glance 2014 - OECD Social indicators. This 2014 publication also provides a special chapter on: the crisis and its aftermath: a “stress test” for societies and for social policies.

Following recent Turkish media reports, the OECD would like to clarify that it has published no recent review of Turkey. The publication of the 2014 Economic Survey of Turkey is planned for July.

Organised in Istanbul, this event focused on financial education across Europe and in Turkey, the role(s) of the private and not-for-profit sectors in financial education, financial literacy and innovation for young people and financial education for migrant workers and their families.

Turkey’s economy will grow stronger in the coming years, but remains overly dependent on domestic consumption funded by foreign finance, according to the latest OECD Economic Survey of Turkey.

Country notes with main key findings of the book and key fact tables: a customised snapshot of a country's educational environment, highlighting the most important issues in the educational landscape.

Turkey is a significant and geopolitically critical economy. Its companies, like those from many other countries, operate in corruption-prone sectors and countries. In spite of this, only 10 allegations have come to the attention of Turkish authorities since foreign bribery became an offence in Turkey in 2003.

This publication highlights new evidence on policies to support job creation, bringing together the latest research on labour market, entrepreneurship and local economic development policy to help governments support job creation in the recovery. It also includes a set of country pages featuring, among other things, new data on skills supply and demand at the level of smaller OECD regions (TL3).

The OECD Port-Cities Programme aims to identify how ports can be assets for urban development. The programme therefore assesses the impact of ports on cities and regions. It also compares policies aimed at increasing positive regional impacts of ports and limiting negative effects.

The tax burden in Turkey increased by 1.7 percentage points from 27.6% to 29.3% in 2013. The OECD average was an increase of 0.4 percentage points from 33.7% to 34.1%. The Turkish standard VAT rate is 18%, which is below the OECD average. The average VAT/GST standard rate in the OECD was 19.1% on 1 January 2014.

Mr. Angel Gurría, Secretary-General of the OECD, was in Istanbul on 9-10 February 2015 to attend the G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors meeting.

OECD’nin yayınladığı en son Büyümeye Geçiş raporuna göre kapsamlı bir reform gündemi doğrultusunda kararlı ve sistemli adımların atılması hükümetlere, zayıf talebi canlandırmak, sağlıklı ekonomik büyümeyi canlandırmak, iş olanakları yaratmak ve kazanımları toplumun her kesimine ulaştırmak için fırsatlar sunmaktadır.

Specific country notes have been prepared using data from the database OECD Health Statistics 2015, July 2015 version. The notes are available in PDF format.

OECD Secretary-General Angel Gurría has sent letters to the President and Prime Minister of Turkey expressing his condolences and those of all OECD staff following the deadly attacks that took place in Ankara on Saturday.

The 2015 edition introduces more detailed analysis of participation in early childhood and tertiary levels of education. The report also examines first generation tertiary-educated adults’ educational and social mobility, labour market outcomes for recent graduates, and participation in employer-sponsored formal and/or non-formal education.

Biographical note of Turkey's Permanent Representative to the OECD.

Turkey, an OECD member country, has endured several attacks in recent times. Each of these deeds is an offense to our collective freedoms, values and way of living. We categorically condemn these terrible acts.

Turkey’s economy has proven remarkably resilient in the face of a challenging global economic context. However, further action can be taken to raise productivity and advance the shift to a more balanced, sustainable and stronger growth path that will boost living standards for the entire population, according to the latest OECD Economic Survey of Turkey.

The Secretary-General presented the 2016 OECD Economic Survey of Turkey and visited the refugee camp of Nizip. Mr. Gurría also held meetings with Turkish high officials and representatives of local businesses.

Education at a Glance 2016 - Country Notes

The number of young people not in employment, education or training (NEETs) remains elevated in many countries since the crisis. This country note examines the characteristics of those at risk of being NEET in Turkey along with policies to help meet the challenge. It also includes many new youth-specific indicators on family formation, self-sufficiency, income and poverty, health and social cohesion.

OECD Secretary General Angel Gurría has condemned the terrorist attack that took place in Istanbul during the New Year celebrations, transmitting his support to President Erdoğan and the people of Turkey.

Unemployment in Turkey has been on an upward trajectory since 2012 and it has now peaked at nearly 11.7% (February 2017). This is in sharp contrast with the OECD average, which has been falling steadily and has now reached 5.9%.

This note presents selected country highlights from the OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2017 with a specific focus on digital trends among all themes covered.