This country note explains how Japan taxes energy use. The note shows the distribution of effective energy tax rates across all domestic energy use. It also details the country-specific assumptions made when calculating effective energy tax rates and matching tax rates to the corresponding energy base.

Japan displays many excellent indicators of population health, including the highest life expectancy in the world. Still, many people are pessimistic about their health – 14% of adults rate their own health poorly – though this partly reflects linguo-cultural differences. Most people lead healthy lifestyles, with low rates of alcohol consumption and the lowest share of adults overweight or obese.

Key findings for Japan from the report "Pensions at a Glance 2019"

The tax-to-GDP ratio in Japan increased by 0.7 percentage points from 30.7% in 2016 to 31.4% in 2017 (latest year available). The corresponding figures for the OECD average were a decrease of 0.2 percentage points from 34.4% to 34.2% over the same period.

The tax wedge for the average single worker in Japan remained the same at 32.7 percentage points between 2018 and 2019. The OECD average tax wedge in 2019 was 36.0 (2018, 36.1). In 2019 Japan had the 26th lowest tax wedge among the 36 OECD member countries, occupying the same position in 2018.

Private Debt To GDP in Luxembourg decreased to 485.07 percent in 2018 from 488.87 percent in 2017. Private Debt To GDP in Luxembourg averaged 351.89 percent from 1999 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 488.87 percent in 2017 and a record low of 165.68 percent in 2000. Private sector debt to GDP measures the indebtedness of both sectors, non-financial corporations and households and non-profit institutions serving households, as a percentage of GDP. This page provides - Luxembourg Private Debt To Gdp- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Luxembourg recorded a government budget surplus of 1600 EUR Million in 2018. Government Budget Value in Luxembourg averaged 587.22 EUR Million from 1995 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 1600 EUR Million in 2018 and a record low of -358.40 EUR Million in 2004. The government budget balance is the difference between government revenues and expenses. The budget is balanced when outlays equal to receipts, the country reports budget surplus when revenues are higher than expenses and deficit when expenses exceed the revenues. This page provides - Luxembourg Government Budget Value - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Luxembourg scored 80 points out of 100 on the 2019 Corruption Perceptions Index reported by Transparency International. Corruption Index in Luxembourg averaged 83.36 Points from 1995 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 90 Points in 2002 and a record low of 68.50 Points in 1995. The Corruption Perceptions Index ranks countries and territories based on how corrupt their public sector is perceived to be. A country or territory’s score indicates the perceived level of public sector corruption on a scale of 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean). This page provides the latest reported value for - Luxembourg Corruption Index - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Industrial Production in Luxembourg decreased 7.40 percent in November of 2019 over the same month in the previous year. Industrial Production in Luxembourg averaged 0.10 percent from 1980 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 10.80 percent in August of 1995 and a record low of -11.10 percent in January of 2000. In Luxembourg, industrial production measures the output of businesses integrated in industrial sector of the economy such as manufacturing, mining, and utilities. This page provides - Luxembourg Industrial Production - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Luxembourg was worth 72.10 billion US dollars in 2019, according to official data from the World Bank and projections from Trading Economics. The GDP value of Luxembourg represents 0.06 percent of the world economy. GDP in Luxembourg averaged 21.29 USD Billion from 1960 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 72.10 USD Billion in 2019 and a record low of 0.70 USD Billion in 1961. The gross domestic product (GDP) measures of national income and output for a given country's economy. The gross domestic product (GDP) is equal to the total expenditures for all final goods and services produced within the country in a stipulated period of time. This page provides the latest reported value for - Luxembourg GDP - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Luxembourg expanded 3.10 percent in the fourth quarter of 2019 over the same quarter of the previous year. GDP Annual Growth Rate in Luxembourg averaged 3.50 percent from 1996 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 12.10 percent in the first quarter of 2000 and a record low of -7 percent in the second quarter of 2009. On the expenditure side, external balance of exports and imports is the main component of GDP and accounts for 35 percent of its total use, as exports of goods and services account for 200 percent while imports account for 165 percent. It is followed by household consumption (30 percent of GDP) gross fixed capital formation (18 percent) and government expenditure (17 percent). This page provides - Luxembourg GDP Annual Growth Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Hospital Beds in Luxembourg decreased to 4.51 per 1000 people in 2018 from 4.66 per 1000 people in 2017. Hospital Beds in Luxembourg averaged 5.30 per 1000 people from 2004 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 6.39 per 1000 people in 2004 and a record low of 4.51 per 1000 people in 2018. This page includes a chart with historical data for Luxembourg Hospital Beds.

Medical Doctors in Luxembourg increased to 3.31 per 1000 people in 2017 from 3.10 per 1000 people in 2016. Medical Doctors in Luxembourg averaged 3.02 per 1000 people from 2004 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 3.31 per 1000 people in 2017 and a record low of 2.72 per 1000 people in 2004. This page includes a chart with historical data for Luxembourg Medical Doctors.

ICU Beds in Luxembourg averaged 430.98 per 100K people from 2004 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 502.28 per 100K people in December of 2004 and a record low of 395.70 per 100K people in December of 2012. This page includes a chart with historical data for Luxembourg ICU Beds.

Housing Index in Luxembourg increased to 137.56 points in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 134.37 points in the third quarter of 2019. Housing Index in Luxembourg averaged 94.83 points from 2007 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 137.56 points in the fourth quarter of 2019 and a record low of 72.67 points in the first quarter of 2007. In Luxembourg, the House Price Index measures residential property market prices. The HPI captures price changes of all kinds of residential property purchased by households (flats, detached houses, terraced houses, etc.), both new and existing. Only market prices are considered, self-build dwellings are therefore excluded. The land component of the residential property is included. This page provides - Luxembourg House Price Index - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Luxembourg recorded 100 Coronavirus Deaths since the epidemic began, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In addition, Luxembourg reported 3871 Coronavirus Cases. This page includes a chart with historical data for Luxembourg Coronavirus Deaths.

Luxembourg recorded 3526 Coronavirus Recovered since the epidemic began, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In addition, Luxembourg reported 100 Coronavirus Deaths. This page includes a chart with historical data for Luxembourg Coronavirus Recovered.

Exports of Prepared Foodstuffs Beverages & Tobacco in South Africa increased to 3490.92 ZAR Million in March from 2608.19 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Exports of Prepared Foodstuffs Beverages & Tobacco in South Africa averaged 2920.53 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 4194.88 ZAR Million in October of 2018 and a record low of 1704.27 ZAR Million in January of 2015. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Exports of Prepared Foodstuffs Beverages & Tobacco.

Exports of Prepared Foodstuffs CMLV in South Africa increased to 8211.67 ZAR Million in March from 4721.24 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Exports of Prepared Foodstuffs CMLV in South Africa averaged 17455.80 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 39028.74 ZAR Million in December of 2019 and a record low of 1704.27 ZAR Million in January of 2015. South Africa accounts for Exports of Prepared Foodstuffs using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Exports of Prepared Foodstuffs CMLV.

Exports of Pulp of Wood CMLV in South Africa increased to 5319.37 ZAR Million in March from 3850.41 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Exports of Pulp of Wood CMLV in South Africa averaged 8821.04 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 20105.60 ZAR Million in December of 2016 and a record low of 846.05 ZAR Million in January of 2019. South Africa accounts for Exports of Pulp of Wood using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Exports of Pulp of Wood CMLV.

Exports of Raw Hides Skins Leather & Furskins in South Africa decreased to 218.71 ZAR Million in March from 236.74 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Exports of Raw Hides Skins Leather & Furskins in South Africa averaged 323.27 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 452.29 ZAR Million in February of 2015 and a record low of 162.35 ZAR Million in January of 2019. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Exports of Raw Hides Skins Leather & Furskins.

Exports: Stone Plaster Cement Ceramics & Glass Products in South Africa increased to 414.01 ZAR Million in March from 376.95 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Exports: Stone Plaster Cement Ceramics & Glass Pro in South Africa averaged 345.72 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 540.34 ZAR Million in April of 2016 and a record low of 209.16 ZAR Million in January of 2015. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Exports of Stone Plaster Cement Ceramics & Glass.

Exports of Textiles & Textile Products in South Africa increased to 1203.57 ZAR Million in March from 1151.43 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Exports of Textiles & Textile Products in South Africa averaged 847.24 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1373.86 ZAR Million in November of 2019 and a record low of 431.68 ZAR Million in July of 2014. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Exports of Textiles & Textile Products.

Exports of Vegetable Products in South Africa increased to 5893.59 ZAR Million in March from 5286.37 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Exports of Vegetable Products in South Africa averaged 4470.80 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 8298.46 ZAR Million in July of 2018 and a record low of 1800.62 ZAR Million in November of 2014. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Exports of Vegetable Products.

Exports of Vegetable Products CMLV in South Africa increased to 15936.77 ZAR Million in March from 10050.24 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Exports of Vegetable Products CMLV in South Africa averaged 27846.27 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 61042.39 ZAR Million in December of 2018 and a record low of 2816.78 ZAR Million in January of 2015. South Africa accounts for Exports of Vegetable Products using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Exports of Vegetable Products CMLV.

Exports of Wood & Articles of Wood CMLV in South Africa increased to 1402.32 ZAR Million in March from 837.81 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Exports of Wood & Articles of Wood CMLV in South Africa averaged 2649.17 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 5907.25 ZAR Million in December of 2018 and a record low of 231.93 ZAR Million in January of 2015. South Africa accounts for Exports of Wood & Articles of Wood using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Exports of Wood & Articles of Wood CMLV.

Exports of Wood Pulp Paper & Paper Products in South Africa decreased to 1469.83 ZAR Million in March from 1976.95 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Exports of Wood Pulp Paper & Paper Products in South Africa averaged 1477.56 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 2105.93 ZAR Million in August of 2016 and a record low of 623.79 ZAR Million in February of 2019. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Exports of Wood Pulp Paper & Paper Products.

Exports of Wood & Wood Products in South Africa increased to 564.84 ZAR Million in March from 432.94 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Exports of Wood & Wood Products in South Africa averaged 427.34 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 665.93 ZAR Million in November of 2018 and a record low of 216.74 ZAR Million in August of 2014. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Exports of Wood & Wood Products.

Exports to Ships & Aircrapft Stores (world Zone) in South Africa decreased to 735.41 ZAR Million in March from 833.73 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Exports to Ships & Aircrapft Stores (world Zone) in South Africa averaged 561.19 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 2052.33 ZAR Million in May of 2015 and a record low of 94.50 ZAR Million in April of 2014. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Exports to Ships & Aircrapft Stores (world Zone).

Trade Balance - Cumulative in South Africa increased to 12127.31 ZAR Million in March from -2986.13 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Trade Balance - Cumulative in South Africa averaged -64972.52 ZAR Million from 2013 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 12127.31 ZAR Million in March of 2020 and a record low of -198550.91 ZAR Million in December of 2014. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Trade Balance - Cumulative.

Imports of Wood & Wood Products in South Africa decreased to 295.90 ZAR Million in March from 349.88 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Wood & Wood Products in South Africa averaged 319.06 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 487.71 ZAR Million in January of 2019 and a record low of 176.34 ZAR Million in December of 2016. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Wood & Wood Products.

Imports of Wood Pulp Paper & Paper Products in South Africa decreased to 2195.04 ZAR Million in March from 2770.94 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Wood Pulp Paper & Paper Products in South Africa averaged 1943.22 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 3987.84 ZAR Million in November of 2019 and a record low of 1030.39 ZAR Million in April of 2017. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Wood Pulp Paper & Paper Products.

Imports of Wood & Articles of Wood CMLV in South Africa increased to 999.30 ZAR Million in March from 703.80 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Wood & Articles of Wood CMLV in South Africa averaged 2129.15 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 4000.33 ZAR Million in December of 2015 and a record low of 351.24 ZAR Million in January of 2018. South Africa accounts for Imports of Wood & Articles of Wood using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Wood & Articles of Wood CMLV.

Imports of Vegetable Products CMLV in South Africa increased to 6219.48 ZAR Million in March from 3456.92 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Vegetable Products CMLV in South Africa averaged 13082.20 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 32299.66 ZAR Million in December of 2016 and a record low of 1300.71 ZAR Million in January of 2015. South Africa accounts for Imports of Vegetable Products using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Vegetable Products CMLV.

Imports of Vegetable Products in South Africa increased to 2765.60 ZAR Million in March from 1876.72 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Vegetable Products in South Africa averaged 2048.16 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 3662.67 ZAR Million in September of 2019 and a record low of 1203.22 ZAR Million in December of 2014. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Vegetable Products.

Imports of Textiles & Textile Products in South Africa decreased to 2481.28 ZAR Million in March from 3978.95 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Textiles & Textile Products in South Africa averaged 3090.28 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 4306.87 ZAR Million in October of 2018 and a record low of 1958.84 ZAR Million in December of 2016. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Textiles & Textile Products.

Imports: Stone Plaster Cement Ceramics & Glass Products in South Africa decreased to 836.22 ZAR Million in March from 984.05 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports: Stone Plaster Cement Ceramics & Glass Pro in South Africa averaged 1114.60 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1572.20 ZAR Million in October of 2019 and a record low of 754.65 ZAR Million in December of 2016. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Stone Plaster Cement Ceramics & Glass.

Imports of Raw Hides Skins Leather & Furskins in South Africa decreased to 158.46 ZAR Million in March from 271.24 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Raw Hides Skins Leather & Furskins in South Africa averaged 328.80 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 477.07 ZAR Million in October of 2018 and a record low of 158.46 ZAR Million in March of 2020. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Raw Hides Skins Leather & Furskins.

Imports of Pulp of Wood CMLV in South Africa increased to 8239.12 ZAR Million in March from 6044.13 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Pulp of Wood CMLV in South Africa averaged 11411.21 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 36339.27 ZAR Million in December of 2019 and a record low of 1271.84 ZAR Million in January of 2015. South Africa accounts for Imports of Pulp of Wood using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Pulp of Wood CMLV.

Imports of Prepared Foodstuffs CMLV in South Africa increased to 7844.80 ZAR Million in March from 5232.91 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Prepared Foodstuffs CMLV in South Africa averaged 15470.38 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 33740.12 ZAR Million in December of 2019 and a record low of 2037.38 ZAR Million in January of 2016. South Africa accounts for Imports of Prepared Foodstuffs using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Prepared Foodstuffs CMLV.

Imports of Prepared Foodstuffs Beverages & Tobacco in South Africa increased to 2612.43 ZAR Million in March from 2292.20 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Prepared Foodstuffs Beverages & Tobacco in South Africa averaged 2502.29 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 3674.84 ZAR Million in October of 2019 and a record low of 1707.09 ZAR Million in June of 2014. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Prepared Foodstuffs Beverages & Tobacco.

Imports of Miscellaneous Manufactured Goods in South Africa decreased to 967.45 ZAR Million in March from 1420.49 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Miscellaneous Manufactured Goods in South Africa averaged 1636.51 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 2495.75 ZAR Million in October of 2018 and a record low of 967.45 ZAR Million in March of 2020. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Miscellaneous Manufactured Goods.

Imports - Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles (Cmlv) in South Africa increased to 3985.70 ZAR Million in March from 3017.60 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports - Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles (Cml in South Africa averaged 9980.07 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 21209.71 ZAR Million in December of 2019 and a record low of 1338.01 ZAR Million in January of 2015. South Africa accounts for Imports of Miscellaneous Manufactured Articl using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles (c.

Imports of Mineral Products CMLV in South Africa increased to 53666.82 ZAR Million in March from 34905.91 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Mineral Products CMLV in South Africa averaged 106161.67 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 256321.57 ZAR Million in December of 2014 and a record low of 10855.29 ZAR Million in January of 2016. South Africa accounts for Imports of Mineral Products using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Mineral Products.

Imports of Mineral Products in South Africa increased to 18455.69 ZAR Million in March from 17631.55 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Mineral Products in South Africa averaged 16353.44 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 28460.69 ZAR Million in October of 2014 and a record low of 8604.97 ZAR Million in July of 2017. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Mineral Products.

Imports of Live Animals & Animal Products in South Africa increased to 1223.24 ZAR Million in March from 1216.78 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Live Animals & Animal Products in South Africa averaged 1164.15 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1527.79 ZAR Million in August of 2018 and a record low of 733.71 ZAR Million in December of 2014. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Live Animals & Animal Products.

Imports of Leather Products CMLV in South Africa increased to 779.36 ZAR Million in March from 620.88 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Leather Products CMLV in South Africa averaged 2027.98 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 4195.12 ZAR Million in December of 2015 and a record low of 327.48 ZAR Million in January of 2018. South Africa accounts for Imports of Leather Products using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Leather Products CMLV.

Imports: Footwear Headgear Umbrellas & Walking Sticks in South Africa decreased to 677.82 ZAR Million in March from 1283.95 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports: Footwear Headgear Umbrellas & Walking Sti in South Africa averaged 1121.21 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1660.71 ZAR Million in February of 2016 and a record low of 677.82 ZAR Million in March of 2020. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Footwear Headgear Umbrellas & Walking.

Imports of Chemical Products CMLV in South Africa increased to 29726.48 ZAR Million in March from 19804.12 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Chemical Products CMLV in South Africa averaged 59335.46 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 127542.43 ZAR Million in December of 2019 and a record low of 8042.62 ZAR Million in January of 2015. South Africa accounts for Imports of Chemical Products using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Chemical Products CMLV.

Imports of Chemical & Allied Industries Products in South Africa increased to 9913.50 ZAR Million in March from 9806.22 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Chemical & Allied Industries Products in South Africa averaged 9515.36 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 13357.99 ZAR Million in October of 2018 and a record low of 7160.89 ZAR Million in June of 2014. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Chemical & Allied Industries Products.