FreeBSD Security Advisory - With certain inputs, iconv may write beyond the end of the output buffer. Depending on the way in which iconv is used, an attacker may be able to create a denial of service, provoke incorrect program behavior, or induce a remote code execution. iconv is a libc library function and the nature of possible attacks will depend on the way in which iconv is used by applications or daemons.

FreeBSD Security Advisory - To implement one particular ioctl, the Linux emulation code used a special interface present in the cd(4) driver which allows it to copy subchannel information directly to a kernel address. This interface was erroneously made accessible to userland, allowing users with read access to a cd(4) device to arbitrarily overwrite kernel memory when some media is present in the device. A user in the operator group can make use of this interface to gain root privileges on a system with a cd(4) device when some media is present in the device.

FreeBSD Security Advisory - A bug causes up to three bytes of kernel stack memory to be written to disk as uninitialized directory entry padding. This data can be viewed by any user with read access to the directory. Additionally, a malicious user with write access to a directory can cause up to 254 bytes of kernel stack memory to be exposed. Some amount of the kernel stack is disclosed and written out to the filesystem.

FreeBSD Security Advisory - Insufficient validation of environment variables in the telnet client supplied in FreeBSD can lead to stack-based buffer overflows. A stack-based overflow is present in the handling of environment variables when connecting via the telnet client to remote telnet servers. This issue only affects the telnet client. Inbound telnet sessions to telnetd(8) are not affected by this issue. These buffer overflows may be triggered when connecting to a malicious server, or by an active attacker in the network path between the client and server. Specially crafted TELNET command sequences may cause the execution of arbitrary code with the privileges of the user invoking telnet(1).

FreeBSD Security Advisory - Due to insufficient initialization of memory copied to userland in the components listed above small amounts of kernel memory may be disclosed to userland processes. A user who can invoke 32-bit FreeBSD ioctls may be able to read the contents of small portions of kernel memory. Such memory might contain sensitive information, such as portions of the file cache or terminal buffers. This information might be directly useful, or it might be leveraged to obtain elevated privileges in some way; for example, a terminal buffer might include a user-entered password.

FreeBSD Security Advisory - System calls operating on file descriptors obtain a reference to relevant struct file which due to a programming error was not always put back, which in turn could be used to overflow the counter of affected struct file. A local user can use this flaw to obtain access to files, directories, sockets etc. opened by processes owned by other users. If obtained struct file represents a directory from outside of user's jail, it can be used to access files outside of the jail. If the user in question is a jailed root they can obtain root privileges on the host system.

FreeBSD Security Advisory - The pci_xhci_device_doorbell() function does not validate the 'epid' and 'streamid' provided by the guest, leading to an out-of-bounds read. A misbehaving bhyve guest could crash the system or access memory that it should not be able to.

FreeBSD Security Advisory - If a process attempts to transmit rights over a UNIX-domain socket and an error causes the attempt to fail, references acquired on the rights are not released and are leaked. This bug can be used to cause the reference counter to wrap around and free the corresponding file structure. A local user can exploit the bug to gain root privileges or escape from a jail.

FreeBSD Security Advisory - The decompressor used in bzip2 contains a bug which can lead to an out-of-bounds write when processing a specially crafted bzip2(1) file. bzip2recover contains a heap use-after-free bug which can be triggered when processing a specially crafted bzip2(1) file. An attacker who can cause maliciously crafted input to be processed may trigger either of these bugs. The bzip2recover bug may cause a crash, permitting a denial-of-service. The bzip2 decompressor bug could potentially be exploited to execute arbitrary code. Note that some utilities, including the tar(1) archiver and the bspatch(1) binary patching utility (used in portsnap(8) and freebsd-update(8)) decompress bzip2(1)-compressed data internally; system administrators should assume that their systems will at some point decompress bzip2(1)-compressed data even if they never explicitly invoke the bunzip2(1) utility.

FreeBSD Security Advisory - The ICMPv6 input path incorrectly handles cases where an MLDv2 listener query packet is internally fragmented across multiple mbufs. A remote attacker may be able to cause an out-of-bounds read or write that may cause the kernel to attempt to access an unmapped page and subsequently panic.

FreeBSD Security Advisory - A function extracting the length from type-length-value encoding is not properly validating the submitted length. A remote user could cause, for example, an out-of-bounds read, decoding of unrelated data, or trigger a crash of the software such as bsnmpd resulting in a denial of service.

FreeBSD Security Advisory - The e1000 network adapters permit a variety of modifications to an Ethernet packet when it is being transmitted. These include the insertion of IP and TCP checksums, insertion of an Ethernet VLAN header, and TCP segmentation offload ("TSO"). The e1000 device model uses an on-stack buffer to generate the modified packet header when simulating these modifications on transmitted packets. When TCP segmentation offload is requested for a transmitted packet, the e1000 device model used a guest-provided value to determine the size of the on-stack buffer without validation. The subsequent header generation could overflow an incorrectly sized buffer or indirect a pointer composed of stack garbage. A misbehaving bhyve guest could overwrite memory in the bhyve process on the host.

FreeBSD Security Advisory - Due do a missing check in the code of m_pulldown(9) data returned may not be contiguous as requested by the caller. Extra checks in the IPv6 code catch the error condition and trigger a kernel panic leading to a remote DoS (denial-of-service) attack with certain Ethernet interfaces. At this point it is unknown if any other than the IPv6 code paths can trigger a similar condition.

FreeBSD Security Advisory - The kernel driver for /dev/midistat implements a handler for read(2). This handler is not thread-safe, and a multi-threaded program can exploit races in the handler to cause it to copy out kernel memory outside the boundaries of midistat's data buffer. The races allow a program to read kernel memory within a 4GB window centered at midistat's data buffer. The buffer is allocated each time the device is opened, so an attacker is not limited to a static 4GB region of memory. On 32-bit platforms, an attempt to trigger the race may cause a page fault in kernel mode, leading to a panic.

FreeBSD Security Advisory - System calls operating on file descriptors obtain a reference to relevant struct file which due to a programming error was not always put back, which in turn could be used to overflow the counter of affected struct file. A local user can use this flaw to obtain access to files, directories, sockets, etc., opened by processes owned by other users. If obtained struct file represents a directory from outside of user's jail, it can be used to access files outside of the jail. If the user in question is a jailed root they can obtain root privileges on the host system.

FreeBSD Security Advisory - The kernel driver for /dev/midistat implements a handler for read(2). This handler is not thread-safe, and a multi-threaded program can exploit races in the handler to cause it to copy out kernel memory outside the boundaries of midistat's data buffer. The races allow a program to read kernel memory within a 4GB window centered at midistat's data buffer. The buffer is allocated each time the device is opened, so an attacker is not limited to a static 4GB region of memory. On 32-bit platforms, an attempt to trigger the race may cause a page fault in kernel mode, leading to a panic.

FreeBSD Security Advisory - From time to time Intel releases new CPU microcode to address functional issues and security vulnerabilities. Such a release is also known as a Micro Code Update (MCU), and is a component of a broader Intel Platform Update (IPU). FreeBSD distributes CPU microcode via the devcpu-data port and package.

FreeBSD Security Advisory - Intel discovered a previously published erratum on some Intel platforms can be exploited by malicious software to potentially cause a denial of service by triggering a machine check that will crash or hang the system. Malicious guest operating systems may be able to crash the host.

FreeBSD Security Advisory - A programming error allows an attacker who can specify a URL with a username and/or password components to overflow libfetch(3) buffers. An attacker in control of the URL to be fetched (possibly via HTTP redirect) may cause a heap buffer overflow, resulting in program misbehavior or malicious code execution.

FreeBSD Security Advisory - A missing check means that an attacker can reinject an old packet and it will be accepted and processed by the IPsec endpoint. The impact depends on the higher-level protocols in use over IPsec. For example, an attacker who can capture and inject packets could cause an action that was intentionally performed once to be repeated.

FreeBSD Security Advisory - The kernel can create a core dump file when a process crashes that contains process state, for debugging. Due to incorrect initialization of a stack data structure, up to 20 bytes of kernel data stored previously stored on the stack will be exposed to a crashing user process. Sensitive kernel data may be disclosed.

With Windows 2000 Microsoft introduced the inheritance of access rights and new Win32-API functions like SetNamedSecurityInfo() which handle the inheritance. SetNamedSecurityInfo() but has a serious bug: it applies inheritable ACEs from a PARENT object to a target object even if it must not do so, indicated by the flags SE_DACL_PROTECTED and/or SE_SACL_PROTECTED in the security descriptor of the target object.

QRadar Community Edition version 7.3.1.6 has a path traversal that exists in the session validation functionality. In particular, the vulnerability is present in the part that handles session tokens (UUIDs). QRadar fails to validate if the user-supplied token is in the correct format. Using path traversal it is possible for authenticated users to impersonate other users, and also to executed arbitrary code (via Java deserialization). The code will be executed with the privileges of the Tomcat system user.

Easy Transfer version 1.7 for iOS suffers from cross site scripting and directory traversal vulnerabilities.

This exploit uses the Cable Haunt vulnerability to open a shell for the Sagemcom F@ST 3890 (50_10_19-T1) cable modem. The exploit serves a website that sends a malicious websocket request to the cable modem. The request will overflow a return address in the spectrum analyzer of the cable modem and using a rop chain start listening for a tcp connection on port 1337. The server will then send a payload over this tcp connection and the modem will start executing the payload. The payload will listen for commands to be run in the eCos shell on the cable modem and redirect STDOUT to the tcp connection.

This Metasploit module exploits a vulnerability on Microsoft Silverlight. The vulnerability exists on the Initialize() method from System.Windows.Browser.ScriptObject, which access memory in an unsafe manner. Since it is accessible for untrusted code (user controlled) it's possible to dereference arbitrary memory which easily leverages to arbitrary code execution. In order to bypass DEP/ASLR a second vulnerability is used, in the public WriteableBitmap class from System.Windows.dll. This Metasploit module has been tested successfully on IE6 - IE10, Windows XP SP3 / Windows 7 SP1 on both x32 and x64 architectures.

644 bytes small Microsoft Windows x86 shellcode that disables the Windows firewall, adds the user MajinBuu with password TurnU2C@ndy!! to the system, adds the user MajinBuu to the local groups Administrators and Remote Desktop Users, and then enables the RDP Service.

The Windows registry editor allows specially crafted .reg filenames to spoof the default registry dialog warning box presented to an end user. This can potentially trick unsavvy users into choosing the wrong selection shown on the dialog box. Furthermore, we can deny the registry editor its ability to show the default secondary status dialog box (Win 10), thereby hiding the fact that our attack was successful.

Saltstack version 3000.1 suffers from a remote code execution vulnerability.

ManageEngine DataSecurity Plus versions prior to 6.0.1 and ADAudit Plus versions prior to 6.0.3 suffers from a path traversal vulnerability that can lead to remote code execution.

This is a generic arbitrary file overwrite technique, which typically results in remote command execution. This targets a simple yet widespread vulnerability that has been seen affecting a variety of popular products including HP, Amazon, Apache, Cisco, etc. The idea is that often archive extraction libraries have no mitigations against directory traversal attacks. If an application uses it, there is a risk when opening an archive that is maliciously modified, and results in the embedded payload to be written to an arbitrary location (such as a web root), and results in remote code execution.