Export Prices in Slovakia increased to 99.90 points in January from 99.70 points in December of 2019. Export Prices in Slovakia averaged 108.37 points from 1993 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 153.90 points in January of 1994 and a record low of 65.40 points in January of 2009. In Slovakia, Export Prices correspond to the rate of change in the prices of goods and services sold by residents of that country to foreign buyers. Export Prices are heavily affected by exchange rates. This page provides - Slovakia Export Prices - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Money Supply M1 in Slovakia increased to 58 EUR Billion in March from 57.70 EUR Billion in February of 2020. Money Supply M1 in Slovakia averaged 31.93 EUR Billion from 2006 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 58 EUR Billion in March of 2020 and a record low of 16.10 EUR Billion in January of 2006. This page provides - Slovakia Money Supply M1 - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Capacity Utilization in Slovakia decreased to 77.10 percent in the second quarter of 2020 from 82.20 percent in the first quarter of 2020. Capacity Utilization in Slovakia averaged 74.34 percent from 1993 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 89.40 percent in the third quarter of 2019 and a record low of 46.80 percent in the second quarter of 2014. This page provides - Slovakia Capacity Utilization - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Youth Unemployment Rate in Slovakia increased to 16.10 percent in March from 15.70 percent in February of 2020. Youth Unemployment Rate in Slovakia averaged 28.52 percent from 1998 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 39.90 percent in April of 2001 and a record low of 13.10 percent in November of 2018. This page provides the latest reported value for - Slovakia Youth Unemployment Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Consumer Credit in Slovakia decreased to 6491 EUR Million in March from 6582 EUR Million in February of 2020. Consumer Credit in Slovakia averaged 3720.45 EUR Million from 2006 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 6701 EUR Million in November of 2018 and a record low of 987 EUR Million in February of 2006. This page provides - Slovakia Consumer Credit- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Economic Optimism Index in Slovakia decreased to 83.80 points in April from 97.90 points in March of 2020. Economic Optimism Index in Slovakia averaged 103.41 points from 1997 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 119 points in July of 2007 and a record low of 71.90 points in May of 2009. This page provides - Slovakia Economic Optimism Index- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Electricity Production in Slovakia decreased to 2530 Gigawatt-hour in February from 2564 Gigawatt-hour in January of 2020. Electricity Production in Slovakia averaged 2281.86 Gigawatt-hour from 2006 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 3241 Gigawatt-hour in January of 2006 and a record low of 1695 Gigawatt-hour in June of 2016. This page provides - Slovakia Electricity Production- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Banks Balance Sheet in Slovakia decreased to 86160 EUR Million in March from 86543 EUR Million in February of 2020. Banks Balance Sheet in Slovakia averaged 64406.63 EUR Million from 2006 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 86634 EUR Million in November of 2019 and a record low of 47103 EUR Million in February of 2006. This page provides the latest reported value for - Slovakia Banks Balance Sheet - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Producer Prices in Slovakia increased 2.10 percent in March of 2020 over the same month in the previous year. Producer Prices Change in Slovakia averaged 1 percent from 2011 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 9.60 percent in March of 2017 and a record low of -6 percent in March of 2016. Producer prices change refers to year over year change in price of goods and services sold by manufacturers and producers in the wholesale market during a given period. This page provides - Slovakia Producer Prices Change- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Wages in Slovakia decreased to 1136 EUR/Month in February from 1171 EUR/Month in January of 2020. Wages in Slovakia averaged 772.77 EUR/Month from 2000 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1381 EUR/Month in November of 2019 and a record low of 349 EUR/Month in February of 2000. In Slovakia, wages are benchmarked using average monthly earnings. This page provides - Slovakia Average Monthly Wages - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Wages in Manufacturing in Slovakia decreased to 1110 EUR/Month in February from 1154 EUR/Month in January of 2020. Wages in Manufacturing in Slovakia averaged 753.38 EUR/Month from 2000 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1365 EUR/Month in November of 2019 and a record low of 341 EUR/Month in February of 2000. This page provides - Slovakia Average Monthly Wages in Industry - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Industrial Production in Slovakia decreased 0.70 percent in February of 2020 over the previous month. Industrial Production Mom in Slovakia averaged 0.48 percent from 2000 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 21.90 percent in January of 2008 and a record low of -12.20 percent in January of 2005. In Slovakia, industrial production measures the output of businesses integrated in industrial sector of the economy. Manufacturing is the most important sector and accounts for 85 percent of total production. The biggest segments within Manufacturing are: Motor vehicles (33 percent of total production); computer products (7 percent); machinery and equipment (5 percent); basic metals (5 percent); rubber products (5 percent); fabricated metal products (5 percent); coke and refined petroleum products (4 percent); and electrical equipment (4 percent). Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning account for 13 percent of total output, Water collection, treatment and supply account for 1 percent and Mining and quarrying account also for 1 percent. This page provides - Slovakia Industrial Production MoM- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Personal Savings in Slovakia increased to 2308 EUR Million in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 1399 EUR Million in the third quarter of 2019. Personal Savings in Slovakia averaged 713.87 EUR Million from 1995 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 2308 EUR Million in the fourth quarter of 2019 and a record low of 141 EUR Million in the first quarter of 1995. In Slovakia, Households Savings correspond to income saved during a certain period of time. This page provides - Slovakia Households Savings - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Households Debt in Slovakia increased to 68.69 percent of gross income in 2018 from 67.45 percent in 2017. Households Debt To Income in Slovakia averaged 36.24 percent from 2000 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 68.69 percent in 2018 and a record low of 6.80 percent in 2000. This page provides - Slovakia Households Debt To Income- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Slovakia recorded a trade deficit of 332 EUR Million in March of 2020. Balance of Trade in Slovakia averaged 4.26 EUR Million from 1993 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 609 EUR Million in May of 2013 and a record low of -865 EUR Million in December of 2005. Exports has been the main factor behind Slovakian robust growth and in the last ten years exports more than doubled. The biggest share of Slovakian exports are vehicles, machinery and electrical equipment, base metals and chemicals and minerals. Main export partners are Euro Area members with German, Czech Republic and Poland being the most important. The biggest share of Slovakian imports are machinery and transport equipment, intermediate manufactured goods, fuels and chemicals. Main import partners are Germany, Czech Republic, China and Russia. In 2015, Slovakia had the highest balance surplus with Germany, the UK, Poland and Austria. The largest balance deficit was recorded in trade with China, South Korea, Russia and Japan. This page provides - Slovakia Balance of Trade - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Exports in Slovakia decreased to 5887 EUR Million in March from 6601 EUR Million in February of 2020. Exports in Slovakia averaged 3307.61 EUR Million from 1993 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 7831 EUR Million in October of 2019 and a record low of 312 EUR Million in January of 1993. Exports has been the main factor behind Slovakia's robust growth and in the last ten years exports more than doubled. The biggest share of Slovakia's exports are vehicles, machinery and electrical equipment, base metals and chemicals and minerals. Main export partners are Euro Area members with Germany (23 percent of total exports), Czech Republic (12.4 percent), Poland (8.3 percent), Austria (5.7 percent) being the most important. This page provides - Slovakia Exports - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Imports in Slovakia decreased to 6219 EUR Million in March from 6528 EUR Million in February of 2020. Imports in Slovakia averaged 3303.38 EUR Million from 1993 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 7590 EUR Million in November of 2018 and a record low of 287 EUR Million in January of 1993. The biggest share of Slovakian imports are machinery and transport equipment, intermediate manufactured goods, fuels and chemicals. Main import partners are Germany (15 percent of total imports), Czech Republic (10.8 percent), China (8.4 percent) and Russia (5.4 percent). This page provides - Slovakia Imports - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Bank Lending Rate in Slovakia decreased to 2.68 percent in March from 2.82 percent in February of 2020. Bank Lending Rate in Slovakia averaged 3.39 percent from 2011 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 4.73 percent in October of 2011 and a record low of 2.48 percent in December of 2019. In Slovakia, the bank lending rate is the average rate of interest charged on loans by commercial banks to private individuals and companies. This page provides - Slovakia Bank Lending Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Standard & Poor's credit rating for Slovakia stands at A+ with stable outlook. Moody's credit rating for Slovakia was last set at A2 with stable outlook. Fitch's credit rating for Slovakia was last reported at A with stable outlook. DBRS's credit rating for Slovakia is A (high) with stable outlook. In general, a credit rating is used by sovereign wealth funds, pension funds and other investors to gauge the credit worthiness of Slovakia thus having a big impact on the country's borrowing costs. This page includes the government debt credit rating for Slovakia as reported by major credit rating agencies.

Slovakia recorded 1455 Coronavirus Cases since the epidemic began, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In addition, Slovakia reported 26 Coronavirus Deaths. This page includes a chart with historical data for Slovakia Coronavirus Cases.

Slovakia recorded 26 Coronavirus Deaths since the epidemic began, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In addition, Slovakia reported 1455 Coronavirus Cases. This page includes a chart with historical data for Slovakia Coronavirus Deaths.

Slovakia recorded 905 Coronavirus Recovered since the epidemic began, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In addition, Slovakia reported 26 Coronavirus Deaths. This page includes a chart with historical data for Slovakia Coronavirus Recovered.

Living Wage Individual in Togo remained unchanged at 110200 XOF/Month in 2017 from 110200 XOF/Month in 2017. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey. This page provides - Togo Living Wage Individual- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Living Wage Individual in Peru remained unchanged at 995 PEN/Month in 2018 from 995 PEN/Month in 2018. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Rwanda remained unchanged at 108100 RWF/Month in 2018 from 108100 RWF/Month in 2018. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Uganda remained unchanged at 652200 UGX/Month in 2018 from 652200 UGX/Month in 2018. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey. This page provides - Uganda Living Wage Individual- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Living Wage Individual in Tanzania remained unchanged at 332400 TZS/Month in 2018 from 332400 TZS/Month in 2018. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Mozambique remained unchanged at 7790 MZN/Month in 2018 from 7790 MZN/Month in 2018. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey. This page provides - Mozambique Living Wage Individual- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Living Wage Individual in Costa Rica remained unchanged at 209000 CRC/Month in 2018 from 209000 CRC/Month in 2018. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Sri Lanka remained unchanged at 29100 LKR/Month in 2018 from 29100 LKR/Month in 2018. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Cambodia remained unchanged at 761200 KHR/Month in 2018 from 761200 KHR/Month in 2018. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Angola remained unchanged at 61900 AOA/Month in 2018 from 61900 AOA/Month in 2018. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Madagascar remained unchanged at 351100 MGA/Month in 2018 from 351100 MGA/Month in 2018. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Slovakia increased to 450 EUR/Month in 2018 from 445 EUR/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Slovakia averaged 446.25 EUR/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 450 EUR/Month in 2018 and a record low of 445 EUR/Month in 2016. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in South Africa increased to 6570 ZAR/Month in 2018 from 6140 ZAR/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in South Africa averaged 6252.50 ZAR/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 6570 ZAR/Month in 2018 and a record low of 6140 ZAR/Month in 2017. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Poland decreased to 1590 PLN/Month in 2018 from 1600 PLN/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Poland averaged 1560 PLN/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 1600 PLN/Month in 2017 and a record low of 1510 PLN/Month in 2015. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey. This page provides - Poland Living Wage Individual- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Living Wage Individual in Mexico increased to 4320 MXN/Month in 2018 from 4130 MXN/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Mexico averaged 4232.50 MXN/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 4320 MXN/Month in 2018 and a record low of 4130 MXN/Month in 2017. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Ukraine increased to 4690 UAH/Month in 2018 from 4420 UAH/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Ukraine averaged 4442.50 UAH/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 4690 UAH/Month in 2018 and a record low of 4210 UAH/Month in 2015. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Argentina increased to 10400 ARS/Month in 2018 from 8560 ARS/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Argentina averaged 8340 ARS/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 10400 ARS/Month in 2018 and a record low of 6550 ARS/Month in 2015. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Australia decreased to 1770 AUD/Month in 2018 from 1820 AUD/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Australia averaged 1775 AUD/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 1820 AUD/Month in 2017 and a record low of 1750 AUD/Month in 2015. This page provides - Australia Living Wage Individual- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Living Wage Individual in Austria decreased to 1010 EUR/Month in 2018 from 1080 EUR/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Austria averaged 1011.25 EUR/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 1080 EUR/Month in 2017 and a record low of 975 EUR/Month in 2015. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Belgium decreased to 1090 EUR/Month in 2018 from 1110 EUR/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Belgium averaged 1070 EUR/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 1110 EUR/Month in 2017 and a record low of 1040 EUR/Month in 2016. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Canada decreased to 1930 CAD/Month in 2018 from 1960 CAD/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Canada averaged 1877.50 CAD/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 1960 CAD/Month in 2017 and a record low of 1790 CAD/Month in 2015. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Chile decreased to 388600 CLP/Month in 2018 from 394100 CLP/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Chile averaged 386925 CLP/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 394100 CLP/Month in 2017 and a record low of 379500 CLP/Month in 2016. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Colombia increased to 782100 COP/Month in 2018 from 746500 COP/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Colombia averaged 754825 COP/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 782100 COP/Month in 2018 and a record low of 730000 COP/Month in 2016. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Brazil decreased to 1390 BRL/Month in 2018 from 1400 BRL/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Brazil averaged 1390 BRL/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 1410 BRL/Month in 2015 and a record low of 1360 BRL/Month in 2016. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Bulgaria remained unchanged at 675 BGN/Month in 2018 from 675 BGN/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Bulgaria averaged 657.50 BGN/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 675 BGN/Month in 2017 and a record low of 630 BGN/Month in 2015. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Ghana increased to 900 GHS/Month in 2018 from 860 GHS/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Ghana averaged 880 GHS/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 900 GHS/Month in 2018 and a record low of 860 GHS/Month in 2017. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Czech Republic decreased to 15500 CZK/Month in 2018 from 15700 CZK/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Czech Republic averaged 14475 CZK/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 15700 CZK/Month in 2017 and a record low of 12600 CZK/Month in 2015. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Finland decreased to 1160 EUR/Month in 2018 from 1190 EUR/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Finland averaged 1150 EUR/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 1190 EUR/Month in 2017 and a record low of 1100 EUR/Month in 2015. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.