If the wheel/rail adhesion for a railway vehicle is insufficient then the wheels may slip when braking. If slipping is detected, a control system may reduce the brake pressure to permit a controlled level of slip and so to optimize the braking force for the available adhesion. By determining the pressure supplied to the brake cylinder, a signal may be obtained which indicates the value of the adhesion. Alternatively the adhesion may be monitored by detecting any discrepancy between the braking deceleration demanded by the driver and the observed deceleration. The adhesion signal may activate a warning. It may also be used to adjust the rate at which sand is supplied by a sander to the wheel/rail interface. The rate at which sand is supplied may also be adjusted in accordance with other parameters such as the train speed.

A the traction enhancing system for melting snow and ice around the tires of a vehicle to increase the traction between the wheels and the road. The the traction enhancing system includes a fluid control assembly being designed for being in fluid communication with an internal environmental system of the vehicle for selectively diverting heated fluid provided to the cabin compartment of the vehicle. A plurality of distribution assemblies are operationally coupled to the fluid control assembly whereby the distribution assemblies are in fluid communication with the fluid control assembly. Each of the distribution assemblies is positioned proximate one of a plurality of wheels of the vehicle whereby the distribution assemblies direct the heated fluid onto the snow and ice proximate the wheels to melt the snow and ice and improve traction between the wheels and the road.

A system and method for friction management for managing and controlling an application of a friction modifying agent to an area of contact between a railway wheel and a railway rail over which the wheel is traversing to selectively modify the coefficient of friction at the contact area. The system comprises a sensor for detecting a parameter relating to the operation of the railway train. A controller is responsive to the sensor and controls the application of a friction modifying agent to the rail as a function of the parameter. An applicator is responsive to the controller and applies the friction modifying agent to the area of contact between the railway wheel and rail. The invention also includes a method for railway train friction management for managing and controlling the application of friction modifying agent to an area of contact between railway wheel and railway rail over which the wheel is traversing to selectively modify the coefficient of friction at the contact area. The method comprises sensing a parameter related to the operation of the railway train and applying the friction modifying agent to the area of contact between the railway wheel and rail as a function of the sensed parameter.

A vehicle movement stabilizing device is provided which in effectively functioning braking, acceleration and turning movement during travel of the vehicle by activating the frictional force adding device, reliably controls the start and end of the operation of the frictional force adding device and prevents repetition of unnecessary operations. The vehicle movement stabilizing device is provided with frictional force adding device for increasing the frictional force of the wheels to the road surface by scattering particles and a controller. The controller is structured to start the operation of the frictional force adding device when it detects the operation start conditions based on signals from wheel speed sensors, a hydraulic pressure sensor and a step-in force sensor during braking, and to stop its operation if signals indicating disappearance of the state are detected, thereby preventing repetition of unnecessary operations.

To lubricate a length of track, a plurality of lubricating nozzles are provided. Each nozzle is fed by the output of a single positive displacement pump, and all the pumps are controlled by a computer. Vibration sensors, sound sensors, or L/V ratio sensors detect physical qualities which occur as a train passes a given point, and another detector measures the time between successive wheels on the truck of a car as it passes a given point to measure train speed. The computer compares the output readings measured by the detector to a table of outputs in its memory that are indicative of a lubricated track to determine if lubrication is needed.

A system and method for assessing a health and functionality of a locomotive friction modifying system wherein the locomotive has a friction modifying applicator associated with a wheel of the locomotive for applying a friction modifying agent to a rail on which the wheel is traversing. The system and method comprise a sensor detecting a predetermined operational condition of the locomotive. The system and method also comprise a controller associated with the sensor and responsive to input from the sensor determining a per unit creep of an axle of the locomotive. The controller also determines a tractive effort of the axle of the locomotive and determines a friction modifying applicator state for the applicator associated with the axle. The controller further compares the determined per unit creep of the axle, the tractive effort of the axle and the state of the friction modifying applicator associated with the axle to a predetermined value indicative of the health and functionality of the locomotive friction modifying system. The controller provides an indication of the health and functionality of the locomotive friction modifying system.

A method and computer program product of limiting sand use in a railroad locomotive sanding system applying sand to railroad rails to enhance adhesion of wheels of a railroad locomotive on a track having a pair of railroad rails, the sanding system including a plurality of sand applicators for each rail for directing sand flow toward the rail and with the locomotive having two trucks carrying the wheels for supporting and propelling the locomotive along the track. The method and computer program product may include steps of automatically controlling a flow of sand applied to the rail by the locomotive sanding system to limit the application of sand to situations in which applying sand to the rail would be effective to increase the adhesion of at least one of the railroad locomotive wheels on the rail by a predetermined incremental amount. The operation of each of the plurality of sand applicators may be independently controlled for selectively operating those sand applicators whose operation will result in at least the predetermined incremental increase in adhesion of the locomotive wheels on the rail, while not operating the other sand applicators so as to limit the amount of sand applied to the track.

A method for applying a liquid composition to a rail surface is provided. This method involves supplying a liquid composition in one or more reservoirs on a rail car (revenue generating car), and applying the liquid composition from the one or more reservoirs to the rail surface.

A vehicle salt dispensing system. An illustrative embodiment of the vehicle salt dispensing system includes a pump and supply module adapted to contain a supply of salt, at least one dispensing tube communicating with the pump and supply module and at least one generally curved discharge tube communicating with the at least one dispensing tube.

A friction management system for a traveling crane applies a liquid or solid friction modifier (FM) in precisely controlled quantities to the crane wheels or rail to improve performance and safety during movement of the crane. The friction modifier is applied by a nozzle mounted on a crane truck, which nozzle is opened and closed by a valve. The duration of the valve opening per second, which controls the friction modifier application rate, is approximately proportional to the average current draw, which is detected by current sensors connected to the truck motors.

A rail lubricator for a railroad rail has a nozzle adjacent to the rail and attached thereto. The nozzle has a discharge orifice disposed beneath the top surface of the rail. The orifice is aimed generally longitudinally of the rail with the aiming including an upward component and a lateral component toward the centerline of the rail. Jets of lubricant project upwardly from the nozzle, arch above the top surface of the rail, and then fall onto the top surface and gage corner of the rail. This lubricates the top of a rail using an optimum amount of lubricant on the optimum area of the railhead. The lubricant is applied when the nozzles are spanned by a car.

A method for applying a liquid composition to a rail surface is provided. This method involves supplying a liquid composition in one or more reservoirs on a rail car (revenue generating car), and applying the liquid composition from the one or more reservoirs to the rail surface.

A traction system featuring a housing with two or more reservoirs adapted to hold traction substances. The bottom of the housing is at a first angle causing the traction substances to collect in the dispensing portion of the housing. Outlet holes are disposed in the dispensing portion of the housing for each reservoir. A pair of doors temporarily covers the outlet holes. When the doors are in the open position, the doors are at angles such that the traction substances mix together as they are dispensed.

A system for spreading spreadings in front of the wheels of vehicles, in particular, rail vehicles, including at least one container for the spreadings, at least one device arranged below each spreadings container for metering the spreadings with an outlet opening for dispensing the metered spreadings and at least two devices for conveying the metered spreadings over at least two conveyor lines. The conveyor devices provided for the metering device are made up of a pneumatically operated multiple injector arranged beneath the outlet opening, with at least two separate cavities for the dispensing of the metered spreadings, with one compressed air connector per cavity, and a connector for the conveyor line in each cavity opposite the compressed air connection.

Conditioning device (24) and method for drying and/or controlling the temperature of a ballast bed (12) of a railway track system (10), wherein the railway track system (10) has sleepers (14) resting on the ballast bed (12) and rails (16) resting on the sleepers, wherein the conditioning device has a bogie (30) for moving the conditioning device (24). An outlet nozzle (36) for blowing temperature-controlled air into the ballast bed (12) via at least one blowing-in region (26) positioned between two adjacent sleepers (14) is connected to the bogie (30), as is at least one cover plate (42) for essentially air-tight coverage of an upper side, pointing essentially in the direction counter to the direction of gravity, of a side strip (20), provided next to the sleepers (14) in the direction of travel, of the ballast bed (12). In a method for drying and controlling the temperature of a ballast bed (12) of a railway track system (10), an upper side of the ballast bed (12) and/or at least one sleeper (14) and at least one rail (16) are sealed in an essentially air-tight fashion outside a blowing-in region (26) before temperature-controlled air is blown into the ballast bed (12) via the blowing-in region (26).

A light guide plate includes a main body and a number of micro protrusions. The main body includes a light emitting surface, a bottom surface, and a light incident surface. The bottom surface is opposite to the light emitting surface. The light incident surface connects the light emitting surface and the bottom surface. The protrusions are randomly positioned on the light emitting surface, and are used for reflecting light rays towards random directions.

An organic light emitting display device and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The organic light emitting display device includes: a substrate including a display portion displaying an image as a plurality of sub-pixels that are arranged, and a non-display portion extending at an edge of the display portion; and a sealant formed along a periphery of the display portion, wherein an organic film having an emissive layer is formed on the plurality of sub-pixels, and an emissive layer storage unit storing an emissive layer coated on the non-display portion is formed between the display portion and the sealant. By forming the emissive layer storage unit by removing at least a part of a pixel defining layer on an edge of the substrate, a raw material of the emissive layer coated on the non-display portion on the substrate is easily processed via the emissive layer storage unit.

An apparatus for aligning a dispenser includes a table having a first alignment mark, an alignment plate provided along at least one side of the table, at least one syringe supplying a dispensing material to the alignment plate through a nozzle provided at one end portion thereof to form a second alignment mark, a first image camera provided along a side of the syringe and detecting an image of the second alignment mark, a second image camera detecting an image of the first alignment mark, and an alignment control unit aligning the image of the second alignment mark and a first reference position, and aligning an image of the first alignment mark and a second reference position.

Disclosed is an organic light-emitting display device in which the substrate and the encapsulation substrate are attached to each other by using a frit. The organic light-emitting display device includes a first substrate including a pixel region in which an organic light-emitting diode is formed, and a non-pixel region. The organic light-emitting diode includes an organic light-emitting layer between a first electrode and a second electrode. A second substrate attached to the first substrate. A frit is provided between the non-pixel region of the first substrate and the second substrate to attach the first substrate and the second substrate. A reinforcement material of resin is formed outside the frit.

A light emitting display device and a method of fabricating the same are disclosed. The light emitting display device comprises: a substrate comprising an active region in which a plurality of active pixels for displaying images are formed and a first dummy region disposed outside the active region and in which a plurality of first dummy pixels is formed; a first electrode formed on the substrate in each pixel; a pixel defining layer having an opening that exposes the first electrode; a surface treatment layer formed on the first electrode and having a plurality of grooves in each of the first dummy pixels; a light emitting layer formed on the surface treatment layer; and a second electrode formed on the light emitting layer in each of the active pixels.

An OLED device is disclosed that enhances display quality by minimizing capacitance deviation between data lines of the OLED device. The capacitance deviation may be minimized by utilizing an expansion portion of a power line of the OLED device. The capacitance deviation may also by minimized by utilizing an overlap pattern that overlaps a plurality of the data lines.

A pressing device for assembling a liquid crystal display panel is provided. The pressing device includes a base plate, a pressing plate, a first cushion and a second cushion. The pressing plate is disposed opposite to the base plate and adapted to move toward or away from the base plate. The first cushion is disposed between the base plate and the pressing plate. The second cushion is disposed between the pressing plate and the first cushion, wherein one of the first cushion and the second cushion has a hollow zone corresponding to a display area of the liquid crystal display panel. A method for assembling a liquid crystal display panel is further provided.

A light-emitting device includes a light-emitting element with a pair of element electrodes as a first element electrode and a second element electrode positioned at the lower surface of the light-emitting element; a phosphor plate disposed on the upper surface of the light-emitting element; a first resin covering the lower surface and the peripheral side surface of the light-emitting element with the first element electrode and the second element electrode partly appearing from the first resin; and a second resin provided in the phosphor plate.

An organic light emitting display apparatus includes a pixel part including a pixel electrode, a light emitting layer and an opposite electrode, and a contact part in which the opposite electrode contacts a power line, wherein a first thickness of the opposite electrode in the pixel part is different from a second thickness of the opposite electrode in the contact part.

Disclosed is a method of producing an organic light emitting device, an organic light emitting device produced by using the method, and an apparatus used in the method. The method includes preparing a first electrode, forming one or more organic material layers on the first electrode, and forming a second electrode on the organic material layers, wherein the method includes changing functions of predetermined pattern regions of one or more layers of the organic material layers or the electrodes.

To provide a light emitting device that has a structure in which a light emitting element is sandwiched by two substrates to prevent moisture from penetrating into the light emitting element, and a method for manufacturing thereof. In addition, a gap between the two substrates can be controlled precisely. In the light emitting device according to the present invention, an airtight space surrounded by a sealing material with a closed pattern is kept under reduced pressure by attaching the pair of substrates under reduced pressure. A columnar or wall-shaped structure is formed between light emitting regions inside of the sealing material, in a region overlapping with the sealing material, or in a region outside of the sealing material so that the gap between the pair of substrates can be maintained precisely.

An electron emission source includes nano-sized acicular materials and a cracked portion formed in at least one portion of the electron emission source. The acicular materials are exposed between inner walls of the cracked portion. A method for preparing the electron emission source, a field emission device including the electron emission source, and a composition for forming the electron emission source are also provided in the present invention.

An organic light emitting diode device can have an enhanced thin film encapsulation layer for preventing moisture from permeating from the outside. The thin film encapsulation layer can have a multilayered structure in which one or more inorganic layers and one or more organic layers are alternately laminated. A barrier can be formed outside of a portion of the substrate on which the organic light emitting diode is formed. The organic layers of the thin film encapsulation layer can be formed inside an area defined by the barrier.

A manufacturing method of light emitting devices, comprises a substrate-forming step of forming a planar-shaped substrate, a frame-forming step of forming a closed frame on the substrate, an element-mounting step of mounting multiple light emitting elements in an inside of the frame, a sealing step of injecting a liquid material that is to be a sealing member to the inside of the frame so as to seal the multiple light emitting elements, and a dividing step of dividing the multiple light emitting elements together with the substrate and the sealing member so as to obtain multiple light emitting devices with the sealing member exposed from a side surface thereof.

Provided is an apparatus for manufacturing a deposition mask assembly for a flat panel display, which prevents a pattern from being distorted in a pattern mask when divided pattern masks are welded to a support fixture. An apparatus for manufacturing a deposition mask assembly for a flat panel display of the present description, which includes a frame mask forming an opening, a support fixture installed in the frame mask, and a pattern mask welded to the support fixture to have a pattern allowing a deposition material to be transmitted therethrough, includes: a welding head disposed in a side of the pattern mask; and a support member supporting the support fixture in an opposite side of the welding head with the pattern mask interposed therebetween.

An apparatus and a method of manufacturing a thin film semiconductor device having a thin film transistor with improved electrical properties in organic light-emitting display apparatus are described.

Provided is an aggregate of carbon nanotubes wherein a mixture of 10 mg of aggregate of carbon nanotubes, 30 mg of sodium polystyrene sulfonate and 10 mL of water is subjected to ultrasonic homogenizer treatment, subsequently subjected to centrifugal treatment at 20000 G, then 9 mL of supernatant is sampled, and the content of aggregate of carbon nanotubes in the supernatant is 0.6 mg/mL or more. The aggregate of carbon nanotubes of the present invention can provide a dispersion of an aggregate of carbon nanotubes having a high concentration through very good dispersibility.

A system and method for manufacturing carbon nanotubes using chemical vapor deposition. The system has a first chamber comprising at least one cathode and at least one anode, a gas supply source, at least one activation energy source, at least one alignment energy source, a second chamber situated within said first chamber, said second chamber comprising: a target growth plate, comprising a catalyst and a substrate, a second cathode configured to support said target growth plate, a movable platform configured to support said second cathode, and a gas permeable barrier vertically opposed from said second cathode.

The invention relates to a process and apparatus for recovering sulfur (9). In a sour gas scrubbing apparatus (S) comprises a scrubbing part (SP) and a regeneration part (RP), wherein sulfur components and carbon dioxide are selectively removed from a crude synthesis gas (2) with the aid of a circulating scrubbing agent (3). A sulfur-containing gas fraction (8) produced during the regeneration of loaded scrubbing agent is supplied to a sulfur recovery system (SR) in which an off-gas (10) comprising carbon dioxide and also sulfur components is formed. The off-gas is hydrogenated (H) and subsequently subjected to a gas scrubbing operation (Z). The hydrogenated off-gas (12) is scrubbed, independently of the crude synthesis gas (2), and scrubbing agent (13) removed from the scrubbing agent circuit of the sour gas scrubbing apparatus (S) is used to scrub out sulfur components from the hydrogenated off-gas (12).

The present invention relates to a method for producing hydrogen, with reduced carbon dioxide emissions, from a hydrocarbon mixture. In said method, the hydrocarbon mixture is reformed so as to produce a synthetic gas that is cooled, then treated in a shift reactor so as to be enriched with H2 and CO2. Optionally dried, said mixture is treated in a PSA hydrogen purification unit in order to produce hydrogen. The residue is treated by means of partial condensation with a view to capturing CO4 before said residue is sent as fuel to reforming.

The present invention relates to an organotemplate-free synthetic process for the production of a zeolitic material comprising YO2 and X2O3, wherein said process comprises the steps of (1) preparing a mixture comprising seed crystals, one or more sources for YO2, one or more sources for X2O3, and one or more solvents;(2) crystallizing the mixture obtained in step (1) to obtain a zeolitic material comprising YO2 and X2O3 as a crystallization product; wherein Y is a tetravalent element, and X is a trivalent element, and wherein at least a portion of the mother liquor obtained in step (2) is recycled to step (1) as a source for YO2, optionally after concentration of the mother liquor.

A system and method scrub a vapor. In embodiments, a vacuum truck scrubber system includes a liquid vat, a first carbon canister, a second carbon canister, and a third carbon canister. The first carbon canister and the second carbon canister each contain carbon. The liquid vat is connected to the first carbon canister. The first carbon canister is connected to the second carbon canister. A vapor having contaminants is fed to the liquid vat and is introduced from the liquid vat to the first carbon canister wherein a portion of the contaminants is removed from the vapor. The vapor is introduced from the first carbon canister to the second carbon canister wherein another portion of the contaminants is removed. The vacuum truck scrubber system also includes a monitoring system for reading and recording of sample measurements in the first carbon canister, the second carbon canister and the third carbon canister.

A ferrous sulfide suspension that includes at least FeSm and Al(OH)3 and which can be used to reduce mercury emissions in flue gases. Through a combination of complex chemical reactions, precipitation, co-precipitation, and surface adsorption the ferrous sulfide suspension of the present invention effectively removes mercury from gaseous streams while concurrently preventing mercury re-emission.

Described are catalyst compositions, catalytic articles, exhaust gas treatment systems and methods that utilize the catalytic articles. The catalyst composition comprises a washcoat including a zeolite, refractory metal oxide support particles, and a platinum group metal supported on the refractory metal oxide support particles. Greater than 90% of the refractory metal oxide particles supporting PGM have a particle size greater than 1 μm and a d50 less than 40 microns.

One embodiment of the present invention is a unique fuel cell system. Another embodiment is a unique desulfurization system. Yet another embodiment is a method of operating a fuel cell system. Other embodiments include apparatuses, systems, devices, hardware, methods, and combinations for fuel cell systems and desulfurization systems. Further embodiments, forms, features, aspects, benefits, and advantages of the present application will become apparent from the description and figures provided herewith.

The present invention relates to a method for removal of SO2 from exhaust gas from a marine engine or a marine boiler of a ship. The exhaust gas from said marine engine or marine boiler is cooled and washed with seawater in a first scrubber section, and subsequently, in a second scrubber section, washed with circulating freshwater with an addition of an alkaline chemical. The circulating freshwater used for washing is warmer than the seawater used for cooling in the first scrubber section. The warmer freshwater is indirectly heat exchanged with cold seawater. The exhaust gas washed in the first scrubber section is passed via a demister unit before it is washed with circulating freshwater in the second scrubber section. The invention further relates to a corresponding scrubber system.

Provided is a catalyst article for simultaneously remediating the nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter, and gaseous hydrocarbons present in diesel engine exhaust streams. The catalyst article has a soot filter coated with a material effective in the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of NOx by a reductant, e.g., ammonia.

Apparatus and method for removal of particles and VOC from an airstream, in which particles carried by the airstream are charged by a corona ionizer and then collected by an electrically enhanced filter downstream of the ionizer. A catalytic filter downstream of the electrically enhanced filter removes VOC as well as ozone generated by the ionizer.

System and method for sustainable economic development which includes hydrogen extracted from substances, for example, sea water, industrial waste water, agricultural waste water, sewage, and landfill waste water. The hydrogen extraction is accomplished by thermal dissociation, electrical dissociation, optical dissociation, and magnetic dissociation. The hydrogen extraction further includes operation in conjunction with energy addition from renewable resources, for example, solar, wind, moving water, geothermal, or biomass resources.

A semi-continuous process and system thereof, for the synthesis of a narrow particle size distribution Zeigler Natta procatalyst for use in the manufacture of polyolefins. The process comprises: (a) mixing a reaction mixture containing a titanium compound; (b) charging a first reactor with said reaction mixture; (c) removing excess reactants from said first reactor as a filtrate; (d) feeding said filtrate to at least one further reactor; and continuously removing excess reactants from said at least further reactor.

An enclosure for enclosing a flat panel display for viewing that is substantially sealed and resistant to liquid ingress. The enclosure comprises a bezel, a substantially transparent front cover, and an enclosure housing. The bezel has a peripheral surface defining an enclosure area, an inner edge defining a display opening, and a rear surface. The substantially transparent front cover is operatively connected to the bezel and covers the display opening. The enclosure housing has a front opening and a flange disposed about and extending from the front opening. The bezel and the enclosure housing are joined together at a joining region that is substantially sealed and resistant to liquid ingress. The bezel, the front cover, and the enclosure housing define the enclosure, which is configured to receive a flat panel display therein.

An anesthesia workstation includes a sliding track system attached to the front of the anesthesia workstation for the mounting of one or more displays. The displays are horizontally slidable along the front of the anesthesia workstation along the sliding track. In addition, the sliding track system includes pivot points which enable outward pivoting of the displays up to 90 degrees. Sliding and pivoting of the displays is possible both independently and simultaneously. The sliding track system allows the anesthetist to slide and pivot the displays across the front of the workstation along the length of the track to the most preferable viewing position. Additional storage space is positioned within the anesthesia workstation behind the displays and becomes exposed and accessible when the displays are manipulated via the sliding track system.

A cabinet drawer includes a molded drawer floor having a central portion including at least one depression, each depression having a bottom wall and a sidewall having an inner surface and an outer surface. A flange extends outwardly from an upper edge of each depression. A plurality of webs extends outward from each depression outer surface for connection with a drawer slide system. A peripheral edge of the flange includes a plurality of deflectable tabs for coupling to a surrounding fence without the use of fasteners. The fence includes a skirt portion extending downward from the drawer floor flange to hide any drawer slide mechanism coupling the drawer floor to any underlying base.

An appliance is provided having one or more racks or shelves, the position of which may be adjusted vertically. Multiple different positions along the vertical direction can be made available for selection by a user of the appliance. One or more mechanisms allow for the selective adjustment and securing of the vertical position at which a shelf may be located.

A drawer assembly includes a carrier frame and a sliding basket mounted in the carrier frame and movable in forward-backward direction relative to the carrier frame. The carrier frame includes a front open frame, a rear open frame, a first supporting rod and a second supporting rod. The first and second supporting rods are respectively connected between the front open frame and the rear open frame. The sliding basket includes a first limiter member disposed at one lateral side relative to the first supporting rod and defining a first concave portion and a first stop portion connected to the first concave portion. The first stop portion is disposed at the bottom side of the first supporting rod. Thus, the sliding basket is escaping out of the carrier frame in upward direction.