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Namibia Government Debt

Government Debt in Namibia increased to 86647.30 NAD Million in 2018 from 72762.60 NAD Million in 2017. Government Debt in Namibia averaged 37027.82 NAD Million from 2007 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 86647.30 NAD Million in 2018 and a record low of 11655.30 NAD Million in 2007. This page provides the latest reported value for - Namibia Government Debt - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.




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Namibia External Debt

External Debt in Namibia increased to 32155.60 NAD Million in 2018 from 26425.90 NAD Million in 2017. External Debt in Namibia averaged 13691.42 NAD Million from 2007 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 32155.60 NAD Million in 2018 and a record low of 2873.30 NAD Million in 2007. This page provides - Namibia External Debt- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Namibia Foreign Direct Investment

Foreign Direct Investment in Namibia decreased by 679.40 NAD Million in the second quarter of 2019. Foreign Direct Investment in Namibia averaged 1097.66 NAD Million from 1999 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 6789.40 NAD Million in the fourth quarter of 2015 and a record low of -2373.20 NAD Million in the fourth quarter of 2018. This page provides - Namibia Foreign Direct Investment- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Namibia Employed Persons

The number of employed persons in Namibia increased to 725742 Thousand in 2018 from 676885 Thousand in 2016. Employed Persons in Namibia averaged 690340.60 Thousand from 2012 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 725742 Thousand in 2018 and a record low of 657584 Thousand in 2012. This page provides - Namibia Employed Persons- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Namibia Current Account to GDP

Namibia recorded a Current Account deficit of 2.10 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2018. Current Account to GDP in Namibia averaged 0.66 percent from 1990 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 13.80 percent in 2006 and a record low of -15.50 percent in 2016. The Current account balance as a percent of GDP provides an indication on the level of international competitiveness of a country. Usually, countries recording a strong current account surplus have an economy heavily dependent on exports revenues, with high savings ratings but weak domestic demand. On the other hand, countries recording a current account deficit have strong imports, a low saving rates and high personal consumption rates as a percentage of disposable incomes. This page provides - Namibia Current Account to GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Namibia Corruption Index

Namibia scored 52 points out of 100 on the 2019 Corruption Perceptions Index reported by Transparency International. Corruption Index in Namibia averaged 48.73 Points from 1998 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 57 Points in 2002 and a record low of 41 Points in 2004. The Corruption Perceptions Index ranks countries and territories based on how corrupt their public sector is perceived to be. A country or territory’s score indicates the perceived level of public sector corruption on a scale of 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean). This page provides the latest reported value for - Namibia Corruption Index - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.




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Namibia Corruption Rank

Namibia is the 56 least corrupt nation out of 175 countries, according to the 2019 Corruption Perceptions Index reported by Transparency International. Corruption Rank in Namibia averaged 48.14 from 1998 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 61 in 2008 and a record low of 28 in 2002. The Corruption Perceptions Index ranks countries and territories based on how corrupt their public sector is perceived to be. A country or territory's rank indicates its position relative to the other countries and territories in the index. This page provides the latest reported value for - Namibia Corruption Rank - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.




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Namibia GDP

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Namibia was worth 15 billion US dollars in 2019, according to official data from the World Bank and projections from Trading Economics. The GDP value of Namibia represents 0.01 percent of the world economy. GDP in Namibia averaged 6.22 USD Billion from 1980 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 15 USD Billion in 2019 and a record low of 1.61 USD Billion in 1985. The gross domestic product (GDP) measures of national income and output for a given country's economy. The gross domestic product (GDP) is equal to the total expenditures for all final goods and services produced within the country in a stipulated period of time. This page provides the latest reported value for - Namibia GDP - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.




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Namibia Unemployment Rate

Unemployment Rate in Namibia decreased to 33.40 percent in 2018 from 34 percent in 2016. Unemployment Rate in Namibia averaged 27.94 percent from 1997 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 37.60 percent in 2008 and a record low of 19.50 percent in 1997. In Namibia, the unemployment rate measures the number of people actively looking for a job as a percentage of the labour force. This page provides - Namibia Unemployment Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Namibia GDP From Transport and Communication

GDP From Transport in Namibia decreased to 913 USD Million in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 1099 USD Million in the third quarter of 2019. GDP From Transport in Namibia averaged 858.04 USD Million from 2000 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 1335.62 USD Million in the third quarter of 2016 and a record low of 323 USD Million in the second quarter of 2001. This page provides - Namibia Gdp From Transport- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Namibia Cpi Housing Utilities

Cpi Housing Utilities in Namibia increased to 133.49 points in March from 132.95 points in February of 2020. Cpi Housing Utilities in Namibia averaged 92.36 points from 2002 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 135.35 points in July of 2019 and a record low of 54.71 points in January of 2002. This page provides - Namibia Cpi Housing Utilities- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Namibia CPI Transportation

The transportation sub-index of the CPI basket in Namibia decreased to 137.80 points in March of 2020 from 138.15 points in February of 2020. CPI Transportation in Namibia averaged 112.84 points from 2011 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 138.15 points in February of 2020 and a record low of 88.70 points in January of 2011. This page provides - Namibia Cpi Transportation- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Namibia Consumer Price Index (CPI)

Consumer Price Index CPI in Namibia increased to 139.98 points in March from 139.85 points in February of 2020. Consumer Price Index CPI in Namibia averaged 45.33 points from 1972 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 139.98 points in March of 2020 and a record low of 2.06 points in January of 1972. In Namibia, the Consumer Price Index or CPI measures changes in the prices paid by consumers for a basket of goods and services. This page provides - Namibia Consumer Price Index (CPI) - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Namibia Money Supply M2

Money Supply M2 in Namibia decreased to 114625.90 NAD Million in January from 115336.40 NAD Million in December of 2019. Money Supply M2 in Namibia averaged 60247.96 NAD Million from 2005 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 115336.40 NAD Million in December of 2019 and a record low of 15670.40 NAD Million in January of 2005. Namibia Money Supply M2 includes M1 plus short-term time deposits in banks. This page provides - Namibia Money Supply M2 - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Namibia Imports

Imports in Namibia decreased to 18833.50 NAD Million in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 20028.20 NAD Million in the third quarter of 2019. Imports in Namibia averaged 10059.85 NAD Million from 1999 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 21573.30 NAD Million in the third quarter of 2015 and a record low of 1991.60 NAD Million in the first quarter of 1999. Namibia imports foodproducts; petroleum products and fuel, machinery and equipment and chemicals. South Africa is Namibia’s major import partner (66% of total imports), followed by the Netherlands, United Kingdom and China. This page provides - Namibia Imports - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Namibia - Credit Rating

Moody's credit rating for Namibia was last set at Ba2 with stable outlook. Fitch's credit rating for Namibia was last reported at BB with stable outlook. In general, a credit rating is used by sovereign wealth funds, pension funds and other investors to gauge the credit worthiness of Namibia thus having a big impact on the country's borrowing costs. This page includes the government debt credit rating for Namibia as reported by major credit rating agencies.




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Namibia Coronavirus Cases

Namibia recorded 16 Coronavirus Cases since the epidemic began, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Namibia did not report any Coronavirus Deaths so far. This page includes a chart with historical data for Namibia Coronavirus Cases.




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Namibia Coronavirus Deaths

Namibia did not report any Coronavirus Deaths so far, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). This page includes a chart with historical data for Namibia Coronavirus Deaths.




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Namibia Coronavirus Recovered

Namibia recorded 9 Coronavirus Recovered since the epidemic began, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Namibia did not report any Coronavirus Deaths so far. This page includes a chart with historical data for Namibia Coronavirus Recovered.




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Austria Government Bond 10Y

Austria 10Y Bond Yield was -0.10 percent on Friday May 8, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Historically, the Austria Government Bond 10Y reached an all time high of 9.04 in October of 1990. Generally, a government bond is issued by a national government and is denominated in the country`s own currency. Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as sovereign bonds. The yield required by investors to loan funds to governments reflects inflation expectations and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid.




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Belgium Government Bond 10Y

Belgium 10Y Bond Yield was 0.05 percent on Friday May 8, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Historically, the Belgium Government Bond 10Y reached an all time high of 10.73 in March of 1990. Generally, a government bond is issued by a national government and is denominated in the country`s own currency. Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as sovereign bonds. The yield required by investors to loan funds to governments reflects inflation expectations and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid.




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Brazil Government Bond 10Y

Brazil 10Y Bond Yield was 7.71 percent on Friday May 8, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Historically, the Brazil Government Bond 10Y reached an all time high of 18.44 in November of 2008. Generally, a government bond is issued by a national government and is denominated in the country`s own currency. Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as sovereign bonds. The yield required by investors to loan funds to governments reflects inflation expectations and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid.




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Bulgaria Government Bond 10Y

Bulgaria 10Y Bond Yield was 1.40 percent on Friday May 8, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Historically, the Bulgaria Government Bond 10Y reached an all time high of 22.61 in April of 2011. Generally, a government bond is issued by a national government and is denominated in the country`s own currency. Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as sovereign bonds. The yield required by investors to loan funds to governments reflects inflation expectations and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid.




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Canada Government Bond 10Y

Canada 10Y Bond Yield was 0.58 percent on Friday May 8, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Historically, the Canada Government Bond 10Y reached an all time high of 12.44 in March of 1985. Generally, a government bond is issued by a national government and is denominated in the country`s own currency. Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as sovereign bonds. The yield required by investors to loan funds to governments reflects inflation expectations and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid.




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Chile Government Bond 10y

Chile 10Y Bond Yield was 2.62 percent on Friday May 8, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Historically, the Chile Government Bond 10y reached an all time high of 8.07 in September of 2008. Generally, a government bond is issued by a national government and is denominated in the country`s own currency. Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as sovereign bonds. The yield required by investors to loan funds to governments reflects inflation expectations and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid.




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China Government Bond 10Y

China 10Y Bond Yield was 2.64 percent on Saturday May 9, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Historically, the China Government Bond 10Y reached an all time high of 4.80 in September of 2007. Generally, a government bond is issued by a national government and is denominated in the country`s own currency. Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as sovereign bonds. The yield required by investors to loan funds to governments reflects inflation expectations and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid.




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Colombia Government Bond 10Y

Colombia 10Y Bond Yield was 5.98 percent on Friday May 8, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Historically, the Colombia Government Bond 10Y reached an all time high of 19 in September of 2002. Generally, a government bond is issued by a national government and is denominated in the country`s own currency. Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as sovereign bonds. The yield required by investors to loan funds to governments reflects inflation expectations and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid.




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Croatia Government Bond 10Y

Croatia 10Y Bond Yield was 1.30 percent on Friday May 8, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Historically, the Croatia Government Bond 10Y reached an all time high of 10.91 in March of 2009. Generally, a government bond is issued by a national government and is denominated in the country`s own currency. Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as sovereign bonds. The yield required by investors to loan funds to governments reflects inflation expectations and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid.




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Czech Republic Government Bond 10Y

Czech Republic 10Y Bond Yield was 1.12 percent on Friday May 8, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Historically, the Czech Republic Government Bond 10Y reached an all time high of 7.68 in November of 2000. Generally, a government bond is issued by a national government and is denominated in the country`s own currency. Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as sovereign bonds. The yield required by investors to loan funds to governments reflects inflation expectations and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid.




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Denmark Government Bond 10Y

Denmark 10Y Bond Yield was -0.30 percent on Friday May 8, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Historically, the Denmark Government Bond 10Y reached an all time high of 15.76 in August of 1983. Generally, a government bond is issued by a national government and is denominated in the country`s own currency. Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as sovereign bonds. The yield required by investors to loan funds to governments reflects inflation expectations and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid.




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Finland Government Bond 10Y

Finland 10Y Bond Yield was -0.13 percent on Friday May 8, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Historically, the Finland Government Bond 10Y reached an all time high of 13.55 in September of 1992. Generally, a government bond is issued by a national government and is denominated in the country`s own currency. Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as sovereign bonds. The yield required by investors to loan funds to governments reflects inflation expectations and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid.




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France Government Bond 10Y

France 10Y Bond Yield was -0.03 percent on Friday May 8, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Historically, the France Government Bond 10Y reached an all time high of 11.84 in February of 1985. Generally, a government bond is issued by a national government and is denominated in the country`s own currency. Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as sovereign bonds. The yield required by investors to loan funds to governments reflects inflation expectations and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid.




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Germany Government Bond 10Y

Germany 10Y Bond Yield was -0.53 percent on Friday May 8, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Historically, the Germany Government Bond 10Y reached an all time high of 10.80 in September of 1981. Generally, a government bond is issued by a national government and is denominated in the country`s own currency. Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as sovereign bonds. The yield required by investors to loan funds to governments reflects inflation expectations and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid.




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Greece Government Bond 10Y

Greece 10Y Bond Yield was 2.18 percent on Friday May 8, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Historically, the Greece Government Bond 10Y reached an all time high of 41.77 in March of 2012. Generally, a government bond is issued by a national government and is denominated in the country`s own currency. Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as sovereign bonds. The yield required by investors to loan funds to governments reflects inflation expectations and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid.




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Hong Kong Government Bond 10Y

Hong Kong 10Y Bond Yield was 0.61 percent on Friday May 8, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Historically, the Hong Kong Government Bond 10Y reached an all time high of 10.49 in June of 1998. Generally, a government bond is issued by a national government and is denominated in the country`s own currency. Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as sovereign bonds. The yield required by investors to loan funds to governments reflects inflation expectations and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid.




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Hungary Government Bond 10Y

Hungary 10Y Bond Yield was 2.17 percent on Friday May 8, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Historically, the Hungary Government Bond 10Y reached an all time high of 12.72 in March of 2009. Generally, a government bond is issued by a national government and is denominated in the country`s own currency. Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as sovereign bonds. The yield required by investors to loan funds to governments reflects inflation expectations and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid.




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Iceland Government Bond 10y

Iceland 10Y Bond Yield was 2.45 percent on Friday May 8, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Historically, the Iceland Government Bond 10y reached an all time high of 15.01 in October of 2008. Generally, a government bond is issued by a national government and is denominated in the country`s own currency. Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as sovereign bonds. The yield required by investors to loan funds to governments reflects inflation expectations and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid.




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India Government Bond 10Y

India's 10-year government bond yield hit 5.97% on Friday, its lowest level since January 2009, due to an aggressive demand for the new 10-year note and expectations of higher government revenues following a hike in the special additional excise duty on petrol and diesel. The yield fell 14bps this week, after declining by 36bps in the last three weeks. Historically, the India Government Bond 10Y reached an all time high of 14.76 in April of 1996. Generally, a government bond is issued by a national government and is denominated in the country`s own currency. Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as sovereign bonds. The yield required by investors to loan funds to governments reflects inflation expectations and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid.




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Indonesia Government Bond 10Y

Indonesia 10Y Bond Yield was 8.09 percent on Friday May 8, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Historically, the Indonesia Government Bond 10Y reached an all time high of 21.11 in October of 2008. Generally, a government bond is issued by a national government and is denominated in the country`s own currency. Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as sovereign bonds. The yield required by investors to loan funds to governments reflects inflation expectations and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid.




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Ireland Government Bond 10Y

Ireland 10Y Bond Yield was 0.14 percent on Friday May 8, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Historically, the Ireland Government Bond 10Y reached an all time high of 14.76 in January of 1985. Generally, a government bond is issued by a national government and is denominated in the country`s own currency. Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as sovereign bonds. The yield required by investors to loan funds to governments reflects inflation expectations and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid.




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Israel Government Bond 10Y

Israel 10Y Bond Yield was 0.87 percent on Thursday May 7, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Historically, the Israel Government Bond 10Y reached an all time high of 12.40 in October of 2002. Generally, a government bond is issued by a national government and is denominated in the country`s own currency. Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as sovereign bonds. The yield required by investors to loan funds to governments reflects inflation expectations and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid.




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Italy Government Bond 10Y

Italy 10Y Bond Yield was 1.79 percent on Friday May 8, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Historically, the Italy Government Bond 10Y reached an all time high of 14.20 in October of 1992. Generally, a government bond is issued by a national government and is denominated in the country`s own currency. Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as sovereign bonds. The yield required by investors to loan funds to governments reflects inflation expectations and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid.




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Japan Government Bond 10Y

Japan 10Y Bond Yield was 0.01 percent on Friday May 8, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Historically, the Japan Government Bond 10Y reached an all time high of 7.59 in May of 1984. Generally, a government bond is issued by a national government and is denominated in the country`s own currency. Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as sovereign bonds. The yield required by investors to loan funds to governments reflects inflation expectations and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid.




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Kenya Government Bond 10y

Kenya 10Y Bond Yield was 12.70 percent on Friday May 8, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Historically, the Kenya Government Bond 10y reached an all time high of 17.35 in October of 2011. Generally, a government bond is issued by a national government and is denominated in the country`s own currency. Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as sovereign bonds. The yield required by investors to loan funds to governments reflects inflation expectations and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid.




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Latvia Government Bond 10y

Latvia 10Y Bond Yield was 0.55 percent on Thursday April 30, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Historically, the Latvia Government Bond 10y reached an all time high of 17 in August of 2009. Generally, a government bond is issued by a national government and is denominated in the country`s own currency. Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as sovereign bonds. The yield required by investors to loan funds to governments reflects inflation expectations and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid.




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Lithuania Government Bond 10y

Lithuania Government Bond Yield 10y was 0.50 percent on Friday May 8, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Historically, the Lithuania Government Bond 10y reached an all time high of 15.14 in May of 2009. Generally, a government bond is issued by a national government and is denominated in the country`s own currency. Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as sovereign bonds. The yield required by investors to loan funds to governments reflects inflation expectations and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid.




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Malaysia Government Bond 10Y

Malaysia 10Y Bond Yield was 2.80 percent on Friday May 8, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Historically, the Malaysia Government Bond 10Y reached an all time high of 5.35 in April of 2004. Generally, a government bond is issued by a national government and is denominated in the country`s own currency. Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as sovereign bonds. The yield required by investors to loan funds to governments reflects inflation expectations and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid.




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Mexico Government Bond 10Y

Mexico 10Y Bond Yield was 5.98 percent on Friday May 8, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Historically, the Mexico Government Bond 10Y reached an all time high of 12.07 in September of 2001. Generally, a government bond is issued by a national government and is denominated in the country`s own currency. Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as sovereign bonds. The yield required by investors to loan funds to governments reflects inflation expectations and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid.




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Netherlands Government Bond 10Y

Netherlands 10Y Bond Yield was -0.26 percent on Friday May 8, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Historically, the Netherlands Government Bond 10Y reached an all time high of 9.19 in November of 1990. Generally, a government bond is issued by a national government and is denominated in the country`s own currency. Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as sovereign bonds. The yield required by investors to loan funds to governments reflects inflation expectations and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid.




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New Zealand Government Bond 10Y

New Zealand 10Y Bond Yield was 0.60 percent on Friday May 8, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Historically, the New Zealand Government Bond 10Y reached an all time high of 19.20 in May of 1985. Generally, a government bond is issued by a national government and is denominated in the country`s own currency. Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as sovereign bonds. The yield required by investors to loan funds to governments reflects inflation expectations and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid.