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Boosting productivity in Malaysia

Productivity growth is essential to providing sustainable increases in living standards. Malaysia has reached a development stage where growth needs to be driven more by productivity gains than the sheer accumulation of capital and labour inputs.




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Does growth lead to inequality? It depends.

Widespread increases in inequality over the past three decades have raised the question of whether growth in itself is a driver of income inequality.




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The Walking Dead? Zombie Firms and Productivity Performance in OECD Countries

This paper explores the extent to which “zombie” firms – defined as old firms that have persistent problems meeting their interest payments – are stifling labour productivity performance.




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Decoupling of wages from productivity: Macro-level facts

This paper provides a quantitative description of decoupling in OECD countries over the past two decades, with the results suggesting that it is explained by declines in both labour shares and the ratio of median to average wages (a partial measure of wage inequality).




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Decoupling of wages from productivity: Macro-level facts

This paper provides a quantitative description of decoupling in OECD countries over the past two decades, with the results suggesting that it is explained by declines in both labour shares and the ratio of median to average wages (a partial measure of wage inequality).




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The Best vs. the Rest: The Global Productivity Slowdown Hides an Increasing Performance Gap across Firms

Well-known global companies such as Google, Apple and Amazon of the digital era as well as more traditional ones of the likes of BMW, L’Oreal and Nestlé have recorded impressive productivity gains over the 2000s as they created more and more revenue per employee. At the same time, aggregate productivity growth in the OECD – that reflects the performance of all businesses not just the few most successful ones – has stagnated.




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Conquering utopia anew – Income inequality in Sweden

Equality, a long-standing hallmark of Swedish society, carries multiple benefits in terms of economic performance, trust, opportunity and well-being.




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Sweden is a champion of gender equality, but parity is not reached yet

Sweden ranks among the OECD’s frontrunners in terms of gender equality. Women have a high employment rate, outperform men in education and are well represented in government and parliament.




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Finance and productivity: A literature review

This paper surveys a broad range of studies and highlights the main findings of the empirical literature regarding business finance and productivity.




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Finance and productivity: A literature review

This paper surveys a broad range of studies and highlights the main findings of the empirical literature regarding business finance and productivity.




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India: Strong growth has raised incomes and reduced poverty, but challenges remain

The Indian economy is expanding at a fast pace, boosting living standards and reducing poverty nationwide. Further reforms are now necessary to maintain strong growth and ensure that all Indians benefit from it, according to a new report from the OECD.




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Deconstructing income inequality in Costa Rica: an income source decomposition approach

Despite an improvement in overall macroeconomic performance in Costa Rica, income inequality has risen and is currently at its maximum historical value.




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Boosting productivity in Mexico through integration into Global Value Chains

Mexico’s structural reforms are already boosting productivity, but more can be done.




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Reducing poverty durably is a key challenge in Spain

Poverty has risen in Spain in the wake of the crisis, mainly due to lack of quality jobs that provide enough hours of paid work to support decent incomes.




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Japan: Boost employment and productivity to promote inclusive growth and meet demographic challenges

The Japanese economy has gained momentum and is creating jobs, according to a new OECD report. The latest OECD Economic Survey of Japan, presented in Tokyo by OECD Secretary-General Angel Gurría, says that per capita growth rates in recent years have matched those across the OECD – a major improvement. The Survey underlines the key role Abenomics has played in the economic revival.




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Japan needs policies to boost productivity for inclusive growth

Labour productivity in Japan is about a quarter below the average of the top half of OECD countries, which is surprising given Japan's outstanding performance in education and skills and high level of R&D spending.




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The Economics Department is recruiting its Deputy Director!

The Economics Department is recruiting its Deputy Director. We provide flexible work options, which respects diverse working styles. If you want to join a co-operative, collaborative and respectful work environment where professional development is recognised and encouraged, please visit the job opening.




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Does everybody enjoy Pura Vida? Decomposing income inequality in Costa Rica

Despite strong economic growth, Costa Rica’s income inequality has increased in the past decade, in stark contrast with other Latin American countries.




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Reforming Brazil’s old-age pension system to ensure its sustainability

Pensions have been successful in reducing old-age poverty well below the population-wide average, and below the OECD average. At present, all pension recipients – and this includes around 90% of those aged 65 and above – receive at least the minimum wage, which is more than 5 times as much as the poverty line of BRL 170 (equivalent to USD 55).




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Enhancing financial stability amid slowing growth in China

Growth in China has been slowing gradually, but GDP per capita remains on course to almost double between 2010 and 2020. As a result, the Chinese economy will remain the major driver of global growth for the foreseeable future.




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A revised approach to productivity convergence in long-term scenarios

The paper describes revisions to the trend labour efficiency component of the production function underpinning long-term economic scenarios.




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Continued slowdown in productivity growth weighs down on living standards

The slowdown in productivity growth - already underway before the crisis – combined with sluggish investment, continued to undermine rises in economic output and material living standards in recent years in many of the world’s economies, according to a new report released today by the OECD.




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Colombia: Raise productivity and make growth more inclusive

The Colombian economy has been more resilient than other Latin American countries to the recent fall in commodities prices, and remains among the strongest in the region.




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Reforms for more and better quality jobs in Spain

The Spanish economy is growing strongly, but there is a risk that many people are being left behind.




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Creating good conditions for innovation-driven productivity gains in Australia

Innovation is key to boosting Australia’s productivity and inclusiveness.




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Regulation, institutions and productivity: new macroeconomic evidence from OECD countries

Empirical research on the drivers of multi-factor productivity (MFP) is abundant at the firm- and industry level but surprisingly little research has been conducted on the determinants of MFP at the macroeconomic level.




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New Zealand: Boost productivity and adapt to the changing labour market

The New Zealand economy continues enjoying a strong, broad-based expansion, driven by booming tourism, high net inward migration, solid construction activity and supportive monetary policy.




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Slovak Republic: Strong economy offers opportunity to invest in the future

The Slovak Republic continues exhibiting robust economic performance, with strong growth backed by a sound financial sector, low public debt and high international competitiveness drawing on large inward investment.




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Fighting gender inequality in Sweden

Sweden ranks among the best OECD countries in terms of gender equality.




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Lifting New Zealand’s game on productivity

Productivity growth will be the main driver of global economic growth and prosperity over the coming decades. For New Zealand, this represents both a challenge and an opportunity, as NZ productivity is below that of leading OECD countries.




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Enhancing employability and skills to meet labour market needs in Italy

The various deficiencies of the labour market and the educational system have resulted in high unemployment, low labour force participation, low skills levels and high skill mismatch.




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Israel disability pension note July 2017

Israel disability pension note July 2017




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Slovenia: Boost investment and productivity through better skills and regulation

The Slovenian economy is rebounding after a long downturn, experiencing stronger growth, declining unemployment, healthier public finances and renewed income convergence with more advanced European economies. Further reforms are now needed to increase investment, boost productivity, improve living standards and ensure that all Slovenians benefit from inclusive growth, according to a new report from the OECD.




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Latvia: time to reboot inclusive productivity growth

Latvia’s economy is growing strongly. Driven by the recovery of exports and investment as well as strong private consumption, real GDP growth is expected to strengthen from 2% in 2016 to around 4% this year and next.




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Boosting productivity for inclusive growth in Japan

Never in the past 30 years has productivity growth been lower than since the 2008 global financial crisis, and never has income inequality been higher than it is today in Japan, and in the OECD area




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Ensuring fiscal sustainability in Japan in the context of a shrinking and ageing population

With gross government debt of 219% of GDP in 2016, Japan’s fiscal situation is in uncharted territory and puts the economy at risk.




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Do government transfers reduce poverty in China? Micro evidence from five regions

This paper estimates urban and rural poverty rates across five Chinese administrative regions (Shanghai, Liaoning, Guangdong, Henan and Gansu) in 2014 using representative household level data from the China Family Panel Studies survey.




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Luxembourg: reaping the benefits of a diverse society through better integration of immigrants

Luxembourg’s large foreign-born population is a pillar of the country’s prosperity: they have brought skills and knowledge to many sectors of the economy.




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Improving productivity in New Zealand's economy

New Zealand ranks highly on most indicators of well-being, but incomes are below the OECD average due to low labour productivity.




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Reigniting growth through productivity-enhancing reforms in Colombia

Over the past decade, sound macroeconomic policies and an improved business environment have helped generate relatively strong GDP growth.




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Reducing inequality to raise incomes and expand well-being for all Colombians

The peace agreement will boost economic growth, but to share it fairly Colombia must also achieve better educational outcomes and bring more people into the more productive formal economy.




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Switzerland: Sustain high levels of well-being by boosting productivity growth

The Swiss economy has shown considerable resilience to shocks, but economic growth remains slow, and per capita income levels still hover at levels attained before the global economic crisis. Further reforms are needed to restore productivity growth, boost incomes and ensure that today’s high living standards and levels of well-being are passed on to future generations, according to a new report from the OECD.




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Zombie firms and weak productivity

Building on a large volume of cross-country research, the OECD project on “Exit Policies and Productivity Growth” presents new evidence on policies affecting the exit and restructuring of weak firm and the channels through which they shape aggregate productivity growth.




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Aggregate multi-factor productivity: measurement issues in OECD countries

This paper analyses for 34 OECD countries the extent to which the calculation of aggregate multi-factor productivity (MFP) is sensitive to alternative parameterisations.




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Zombie firms and weak productivity: what role for policy?

Weak productivity growth is a major problem afflicting most societies. It curbs growth in incomes and endangers the sustainability of social security systems. An important, but often ignored, source of the productivity slowdown is the increasing prevalence of weakly productive firms and, among them, “zombie firms” – in essence firms that would typically exit or be forced to restructure in a competitive market.




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Boosting productivity in Switzerland

Swiss GDP per capita stands amongst the top OECD performers. However, to face medium-term challenges productivity developments will be key to allow the country to maintain its enviable position.




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Norway should strengthen its capacity to thrive in a changing world

The Norwegian economy is performing well, despite low oil prices. Further reforms will be needed to diversify the economy, improve public spending efficiency and ensure that today’s high levels of income, well-being and equality are passed on to future generations, according to a new report from the OECD.




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Export and productivity in global value chains – comparative evidence from Latvia and Estonia

This paper investigates the effect of export entry on productivity, employment and wages of Latvian and Estonian firms in the context of global value chain (GVC).




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Deepening regional integration within the Southern African Development Community (SADC)

Deepening regional integration within the Southern African Development Community (SADC) will raise potential growth for all member countries.




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Making the business environment more supportive of productivity in Belgium

A favourable business environment is crucial to boosting Belgium’s productivity and inclusiveness and to sustain improvements in long-term economic prosperity.