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The impact of cross-linker distribution on magnetic nanogels: encapsulation, transport and controlled release of the tracer

Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00797B, Paper
Open Access
Ivan S. Novikau, Ekaterina V. Novak, Sofia S. Kantorovich
Differences in crosslinker concentration between the core and periphery of a magnetic nanogel slow down the release of a non-magnetic cargo.
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Geometrical impacts of platonic particles on nematic liquid crystal dynamics

Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00870G, Paper
Stiven Villada-Gil, Monirosadat Sadati, Juan D. Ospina-Correa, Daniel A. Olaya-Muñoz, Juan P. Hernández-Ortiz, José A. Martínez-González
In this work, we studied the defect dynamics of platonic-like colloidal particles immersed in a nematic liquid crystal under flow conditions, analyzing the behavior of disclinations for each of these polyhedra.
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Stochastic migrations of Marangoni surfers between two lobes of a dumbbell-shaped confinement

Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00914B, Paper
Alakesh Upadhyaya, V. S. Akella
We report an experimental investigation on the stochastic migration dynamics of Marangoni surfers (camphor-infused paper disks) between the two lobes of a dumbbell-shaped chamber.
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Stress amplification and relaxation imaging around cracks in nanocomposite gels using ultrasound elastography

Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00909F, Paper
H. Le Blay, T. Deffieux, L. Laiarinandrasana, M. Tanter, A. Marcellan
Stress visualization around cracks in NC gels was performed using ultrasonic elastography. Temporal and spatial mapping are performed non-invasively. Over time, the stress gradient is erased by large-scale reorganization of the polymer network.
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Drop deformation in a planar elongational flow: impact of surfactant dynamics

Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00642A, Paper
Julian Wailliez, Paul Regazzi, Anniina Salonen, Paul G. Chen, Marc Jaeger, Marc Leonetti, Emmanuelle Rio
We measure the deformation of a drop under an extensional flow. The drop is less deformed than for a pure liquid because of the depletion of surfactants at the tips, which we attribute to the adsorption/desorption dynamics of the surfactants.
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Network interactions simultaneously enhance stiffness and lubricity of triple-network hydrogels

Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00969J, Paper
Nabila Ali, Connor J. Demott, Olivia F. Dingus, Melissa A. Grunlan, Alison C. Dunn
Tough hydrogels with a charge-variable third network were assessed for biomimicking lubricity in both water and FBS solution.
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Microrheology of gemini surfactants at interfaces and in solutions in the dilute and semidilute regimes

Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00860J, Paper
Mayssa Medfai, Antonio Stocco, Christophe Blanc, Maurizio Nobili, Martin In
The interface of semidilute Gemini surfactant solutions remains fluid and is less viscous than the bulk. Depletion of the viscosity near the interface plays a key role in microrheology.
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Carboxymethyl cellulose-stabilized calcium phosphate particles for injectable hydrogel-based bone tissue engineering

Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00670D, Paper
Piyaporn Srisura, Yuwaporn Pinyakit, Umphan Ngoensawat, Pongsakorn Yuntasiri, Khoiria Nur Atika Putri, Theerapat Chanamuangkon, Waranyoo Phoolcharoen, Varol Intasanta, Voravee P. Hoven
Carboxymethyl cellulose-stabilized calcium phosphate particles well-dispersed in aqueous solution can be integrated into an injectable hydrogel made of methacrylated hyaluronic acid which is a promising material for bone regeneration applications.
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Bubble dynamics manipulation in polymeric foaming

Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM01040J, Paper
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Lorenzo Miele, Antonio Abate, Kentaro Taki, Ernesto Di Maio
The inverse pressure quenching treatment is proposed to decouple bubble nucleation from growth, advancing our understanding of the physics governing bubble growth and evolution in polymer foaming.
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A macroscopic magneto-optical response resulting from local effects in ferronematic liquid crystals

Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8363-8372
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00577E, Paper
Xiangshen Meng, Xiaowei Li, Jian Li, Yueqiang Lin, Xiaodong Liu, Zhenghong He
The dynamic rotational behavior of composite chains under a rotating magnetic field was observed. The birefringence and dichroism variations in FNLCs mainly stem from the magnetic response of the composite chains, indicating local effects.
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The cellular Potts model on disordered lattices

Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8337-8352
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00445K, Paper
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Hossein Nemati, J. de Graaf
Extending the cellular Potts model to disordered Voronoi lattices reduces artifacts observed on regular lattices. An order–disorder transition is observed as a function of surface tension on the disordered lattice and the regular lattices.
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Chemo-mechanical model of cell polarization initiated by structural polarity

Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8407-8419
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00800F, Paper
Hexiang Wang, Zhimeng Jia, Yuqiang Fang
We establish a multiscale model of a cell to explore the chemomechanical mechanisms of cell polarization initiated by structural polarity. The two-dimensional vertex model is built by coupling the cytoskeletal reorganization and the Cdc42 activation.
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Controlling wall–particle interactions with activity

Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8395-8406
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00634H, Paper
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Luke Neville, Jens Eggers, Tanniemola B. Liverpool
The interaction between a disk and wall in an active nematic depends on a combination of activity and anchoring, with contractile nematics repelling disks with planar anchoring.
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Nanoconfinement effects on the dynamics of an ionic liquid-based electrolyte probed by multinuclear NMR

Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8436-8445
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM01058B, Paper
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Andrei Filippov, Maiia Rudakova, Victor P. Archipov, Faiz Ullah Shah
Diffusivity is controlled by exchange of ions between “narrow” and “large” pores that results in an abnormal temperature variation. Li+ ions are solvated inside the porous glasses and their diffusivity remains slower as compared to the organic ions.
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Development of a coarse-grained molecular dynamics model for poly(dimethyl-co-diphenyl)siloxane

Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8480-8492
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00875H, Paper
Weikang Xian, Amitesh Maiti, Andrew P. Saab, Ying Li
Polydimethylsiloxane and its copolymer systems have a wide range of application. We systematically develop a coarse-grained MD model for PDMS-co-PDPS system. The model preserves the structural and dynamic properties of the material quantitatively.
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Effective patchiness from critical points of a coarse-grained protein model with explicit shape and charge anisotropy

Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8455-8467
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00867G, Paper
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Jens Weimar, Frank Hirschmann, Martin Oettel
Critical points of an anisotropic, coarse-grained protein model are used to detemine an “effective patchiness” by comparison to the Kern–Frenkel patchy model.
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The surface diffusivity of nanoparticles physically adsorbed at a solid–liquid interface

Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8446-8454
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00992D, Paper
Troy Singletary, Nima Iranmanesh, Carlos E. Colosqui
This work proposes an analytical model considering the effects of hydrodynamic drag and energy barriers induced by liquid solvation forces to predict the in-plane translational diffusivity of a nanoparticle physically adsorbed on a wetted surface.
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Self-assembly of amphiphilic homopolymers grafted onto spherical nanoparticles: complete embedded minimal surfaces and a machine learning algorithm for their recognition

Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8385-8394
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00616J, Paper
D. A. Mitkovskiy, A. A. Lazutin, A. L. Talis, V. V. Vasilevskaya
Amphiphilic macromolecules grafted onto spherical nanoparticles can self-assemble into morphological structures corresponding to the family of complete embedded minimal surfaces. They arise situationally, can coexist and transform into each other.
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Cell shape and orientation control galvanotactic accuracy

Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00952E, Paper
Ifunanya Nwogbaga, Brian A. Camley
We study the physical factors that control the accuracy with which elongated cells can sense the direction of an electric field, exploring whether cells are more accurate sensors when oriented parallel to the field or perpendicular to it.
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Mechanical characterization of freestanding lipid bilayers with temperature-controlled phase

Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8524-8537
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00706A, Paper
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Arash Yahyazadeh Shourabi, Roland Kieffer, Djanick de Jong, Daniel Tam, Marie-Eve Aubin-Tam
Lipid membranes formed in a microfluidic device are studied with temperature-controlled optical tweezers, revealing how mechanical properties of ripple phase and gel-fluid phase-separated membranes change when heated above the transition temperature.
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pH and glucose dual-responsive phenylboronic acid hydrogels for smart insulin delivery

Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM01004C, Paper
Keke Yang, Hou Bo, Dewei Ma, Mingwei Peng, Qinglong Liu, Ziwen Heng, Zhongwei Gu, Xuhan Liu, Siyuan Chen
Phenylboronic acid (PBA) is a widely exploited glucose-sensitive element for constructing glucose-responsive hydrogels to enable smart insulin delivery.
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Retraction: Self-assembled organic nanotubes embedding hydrophobic molecules within solid bilayer membranes

Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM90171A, Retraction
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Naohiro Kameta, Masumi Asakawa, Mitsutoshi Masuda, Toshimi Shimizu
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Retraction: Supramolecular organic nanotubes: how to utilize the inner nanospace and the outer space

Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM90172J, Retraction
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Naohiro Kameta, Hiroyuki Minamikawa, Mitsutoshi Masuda
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Linking local microstructure to fracture location in a two-dimensional amorphous solid under isotropic strain

Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00486H, Paper
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Max Huisman, Axel Huerre, Saikat Saha, John C. Crocker, Valeria Garbin
Machine learning predicts possible crack location in experiments of a fracturing colloid monolayer, shown along with the actual crack path.
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Rolling and ordering of micro rods in shear flow induced by rod wall interactions

Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00999A, Paper
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Martin Wittmann, Igor M. Kulić, Antonio Stocco, Juliane Simmchen
We use experiments and theoretical models to investigate the rolling and translational motion of rod-shaped micro particles close to a solid wall in the presence or absence of shear flow.
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Modeling nematic phase main-chain liquid crystal elastomer synthesis, mechanics, and thermal actuation via coarse-grained molecular dynamics

Soft Matter, 2024, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00528G, Paper
Nicolas Herard, Raja Annapooranan, Todd Henry, Martin Kroger, Shengqiang Cai, Nicholas Boechler, Yelena Sliozberg
This paper presents a coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation study of the synthesis, mechanics, and thermal actuation of nematic phase main-chain liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs), a type of soft, temperature-responsive, polymeric...
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Coupled dynamics in binary mixtures of model colloidal Yukawa systems

Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM01123F, Paper
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Daniel Weidig, Joachim Wagner
Self- and collective dynamics in mixtures of highly charged binary colloidal particles is analyzed by Brownian dynamics simulations. For equally charged, but differently sized particles coupling effects in their long-time dynamics are observed.
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Enhanced gravitational trapping of bottom-heavy Janus particles over parallel microgrooves

Soft Matter, 2024, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00989D, Paper
Yan Wen, Jiayu Liu, Wei Wang, Pik-Yin Lai, Penger Tong
We report a systematic study of barrier-crossing dynamics of bottom-heavy self-propelled particles (SPPs) over a one-dimensional periodic potential landscape $U_0(x)$, which is fabricated on a microgroove-patterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. From...
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Thickness-dependent response of aerosol-jet-printed ultrathin high-aspect-ratio electrochemical microactuators

Soft Matter, 2024, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00886C, Paper
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Ji Zhang, Jeremy J. Baumberg, Sohini Kar-Narayan
Trilayer electrochemical actuators comprising an electrolyte layer sandwiched between two electrode layers have been shown to exhibit large deformations at low actuation voltages. Here we report aerosol-jet printing (AJP) of...
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Long-lived unidirectional flow of active particles within long narrow channels

Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00879K, Paper
Man Xu, Ying Lan, Yuehua Yang, Hongyuan Jiang
We present the dynamics of particles in a device divided into two chambers by V-shaped barriers and connected by a narrow channel. Here three distinct movement modes occur, including stochastic movement, oscillation and unidirectional flows.
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Mapping deformation dynamics to composition of topologically-active DNA blends

Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM01065E, Paper
Karthik R. Peddireddy, Ryan McGorty, Rae M. Robertson-Anderson
We leverage in situ enzymatic topological conversion and OpTiDDM to map the deformation dynamics of DNA blends with over 70 fractions of linear, ring and supercoiled molecules that span the phase space of possible topological compositions.
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Scale-dependent interactions enable emergent microrheological stress response of actin–vimentin composites

Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00988F, Paper
Julie Pinchiaroli, Renita Saldanha, Alison E. Patteson, Rae M. Robertson-Anderson, Bekele J. Gurmessa
The unique mechanical behaviors of actin–vimentin composites in both linear and nonlinear regimes are shaped by the complex interactions among actin entanglements, vimentin crosslinking, and poroelastic properties.
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Morphology and line tension of twist disclinations in a nematic liquid crystal

Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM01076K, Paper
Open Access
Yihao Chen, Mina Mandić, Charlotte G. Slaughter, Michio Tanaka, James M. Kikkawa, Peter J. Collings, A. G. Yodh
This work characterizes twist disclinations in nematic liquid crystals, using confocal microscopy to measure their 3D profile and test theoretical predictions, and using magnetic fields to deform the disclinations and measure their line tension.
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Active nematic coherence probed under spatial patterns of distributed activity

Soft Matter, 2024, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00651H, Paper
Ignasi Vélez Cerón, Jordi Ignes-Mullol, Francesc Sagues
A photoresponsive variant of the paradigmatic active nematic fluid made of microtubules and powered by kinesin motors is studied in the conventional two-dimensional interfaced form when forced under blue-light illumination....
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Banana DNA derivatives as homeotropic alignment layers in optical devices

Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8561-8569
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00322E, Paper
Rafał Węgłowski, Anna Spadło, Dorota Węgłowska
In this study, DNA extracted from bananas was functionalized and used as a homeotropic alignment layer for liquid crystals.
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Dynamical crossovers and correlations in a harmonic chain of active particles

Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8638-8653
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00350K, Paper
Subhajit Paul, Abhishek Dhar, Debasish Chaudhuri
We explore the dynamics of a tracer in a harmonic chain of active particles, investigating the influence of interactions. Depending upon the time-scales governed by the interaction and the persistence of activity, we explore crossovers between different scaling behaviors of its dynamics.
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Revealing microscale bulk structures in polymer–carbon nanocomposites using spin-echo SANS

Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8663-8674
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00578C, Paper
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
L. V. Tiihonen, M. P. Weir, A. J. Parnell, S. C. Boothroyd, D. W. Johnson, R. M. Dalgliesh, M. Bleuel, C. P. Duif, W. G. Bouwman, R. L. Thompson, K. S. Coleman, N. Clarke, W. A. Hamilton, A. L. Washington, S. R. Parnell
Spin-echo small-angle neutron scattering (SESANS) revealed structure in polymer–carbon nanocomposites over multiple length scales with unprecedented range (10 nm–16 μm). Data from two SESANS instruments and other methods were analysed with SasView.
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Model predictive control of non-interacting active Brownian particles

Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8581-8588
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00902A, Paper
Titus Quah, Kevin J. Modica, James B. Rawlings, Sho C. Takatori
Model predictive control is used to guide the spatiotemporal distribution of active Brownian particles by forecasting future states and optimizing control inputs to achieve tasks like dividing a population into two groups.
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Pickering emulsions for stimuli-responsive transdermal drug delivery: effect of rheology and microstructure on performance

Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8621-8637
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00993B, Paper
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Simona Migliozzi, Yiting He, Maryam Parhizkar, Yang Lan, Panagiota Angeli
Elucidating the impact of microgels attributes on the microstructure, rheology and functionality of Pickering emulsions.
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Enhanced chemotaxis efficiency of Escherichia coli in viscoelastic solutions

Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8675-8683
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM01094A, Paper
Shaoying Zhu, Rui He, Caijuan Yue, Rongjing Zhang, Junhua Yuan
E. coli shows enhanced chemotaxis in viscoelastic media, with faster migration and higher accumulation in attractant-rich areas compared to Newtonian conditions.
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Confined bicontinuous microemulsions: nanoscale dynamics of the surfactant film

Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8692-8701
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00925H, Paper
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Margarethe Dahl, Olaf Holderer, René Haverkamp, Ingo Hoffmann, Kathleen Wood, Jessica Hübner, Thomas Hellweg, Stefan Wellert
A confined bicontinuous C10E4–D2O–n-octane microemulsion is studied using neutron spin echo spectroscopy (NSE). The pore size of the confining matrices determines the dynamics of the confined bicontinuous microemulsion.
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Hydrophobic fouling-resistant electrospun nanofiber membranes from poly(vinylidene fluoride)/polyampholyte blends

Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8654-8662
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00817K, Paper
Anuja S. Jayasekara, Luca Mazzaferro, Ryan O’Hara, Ayse Asatekin, Peggy Cebe
This study reports the fabrication of non-woven fibrous membranes from electrospinning blended solutions of PVDF with a random polyampholyte amphiphilic copolymer (r-PAC) in N,N-dimethylformamide and methanol.
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Entropically and enthalpically driven self-assembly of a naphthalimide-based luminescent organic π-amphiphile in water

Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8684-8691
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00986J, Paper
Sk Mursed Ali, Sujauddin Sk, Shuvajyoti Sarkar, Sayani Das, Nayim Sepay, Mijanur Rahaman Molla
Entropically and enthalpically favourable vesicular self-assembly of a naphthalimide based water soluble luminescent organic dipolar building block is reported.
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Extended kinetic theory applied to pressure-controlled shear flows of frictionless spheres between rigid, bumpy planes

Soft Matter, 2024, 20,8702-8715
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00831F, Paper
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Dalila Vescovi, Astrid S. de Wijn, Graham L. W. Cross, Diego Berzi
We perform discrete simulations of steady, pressure-imposed, heterogeneous flows of frictionless spheres sheared between parallel bumpy planes, and use the results to test the predictions of the extended kinetic theory of granular gases.
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Light scattering study of algal floc growth and structure: alum vs. polymeric plant-derived flocculant

Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00837E, Paper
Temitope Orimolade, Ngoc-Tram Le, Lyle Trimble, Bandaru Ramarao, Sitaraman Krishnan
Algal flocculation using alum shows dynamic fractal restructuring over time, while Moringa oleifera protein induces faster densification, enhancing floc strength.
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Thin free-standing liquid films manipulation: device design to turn on/off gravity in flow regimes for thickness map control and for material structuring

Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00951G, Paper
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Paolo Iaccarino, Zhe Wang, Andrea Marfuggi, Simone Russo, Vincenzo Ferraro, Giuseppe Vitiello, Sara Coppola, Ernesto Di Maio
We design a device to control liquid film drainage, able to switch between viscous-capillary and viscous-gravity regimes to stabilize thickness and modify particle arrangement, offering potential for film studies and 2D structure fabrication.
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Hydrogel-based 3D fabrication of multiple replicas with varying sizes and materials from a single template via iterative shrinking

Soft Matter, 2024, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00835A, Paper
Eunseok Heo, Hye Been Koo, Jun Chang Yang, In Cho, Hyun-Hee Lee, Yong-Jin Yoon, Steve Park, Jae-Byum Chang
3D printing technologies have been widely used for the rapid prototyping of 3D structures, but their application in a broader context has been hampered by their low printing throughput. For...
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Co-assembly of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Gold Nanorods: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Modelling

Soft Matter, 2024, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00871E, Paper
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Jiaxin Hou, William W Sampson, Ahu Gumrah Dumanli
A coarse-grained molecular dynamics model is developed to explore the co-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and gold nanorods (AuNRs) under sedimentation conditions with varying vol- umetric concentration and particle-size ratios....
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Dynamics of switching processes: general results and applications to intermittent active motion

Soft Matter, 2024, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM01054J, Paper
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Ion Santra, Deepak Gupta, Kristian S Olsen
Systems switching between different dynamical phases is an ubiquitous phenomenon. The general understanding of such a process is limited. To this end, we present a general expression that captures fluctuations...
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Dynamics of polymers in coarse-grained nematic solvents

Soft Matter, 2024, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00968A, Paper
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Zahra Valei, Karolina Wamsler, Alex J Parker, Therese A Obara, Alex Klotz, Tyler Nathan Shendruk
Polymers are a primary building block in many biomaterials, often interacting with anisotropic backgrounds. While previous studies have considered polymer dynamics within nematic solvents, rarely are the the effects of...
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