A public-form notarial act is a document drafted by a notary that contains the entire notarial act. It is narrated from the notary’s perspective and includes all the details and circumstances of the act. All Spanish notarial acts are in public form (documents elevados a público). In England and Wales, notarial acts are usually in […]

This post looks at how to translate the names of the two* main types of public-form Spanish notarial acts, escrituras públicas and actas notariales. It also identifies handy language to use in translations of them. Escritura pública An escritura pública records an act executed before a notary. How you translate the name of an escritura […]

“Deed” is sometimes used as a translation for escritura pública. Is it a good translation? What is a deed? A deed is a formal legal document. In England and Wales, transfers of land, mortgages, powers of attorney, some business agreements and wills must be executed as deeds. In the US, deeds are only required for […]

How should you translate into English the terms de una parte and de otra parte that you find at the start of Spanish contracts?   What’s the job of de una parte and de otra parte in a Spanish contract? If you’ve read a couple of Spanish contracts, this seems obvious. But there is a […]

Many dilemmas of style arise when translating legislation into English. This post looks at the most common ones and solutions to them. By legislation I mean any laws or rules set down by a governing body, be that of a country, company or university. So everything from a criminal code to a health and safety […]

Translating the legislation or regulations of a country, company or university into English requires certain skills and know-how. This post lists five things your translator should know when translating legislation into English. 1. How to apply English drafting conventions Conventions on headings, numbering, referencing and capitalisation differ from one legal language to another. For instance, […]

What is a registro? A registro, as in the Registro Civil, is an official place or list for recording information or events. The one registro can even be both a list and a place. For instance, the Registro Mercantil and the Registro de la Propiedad can each be three things: a list (i.e. a set […]

This post looks at the main public registers (registros) in Spain. It outlines what they are for and lists common translations and similar entities in English-speaking countries. Whether each registro is more a list or a place (or both) is also covered. This key distinction (described in this post) can affect the translation or at […]

JAVIER MILEI, UN AN APRES (1/7). Depuis l'arrivee de l'economiste a la presidence, le pays a enregistre son premier excedent budgetaire et l'inflation, qui atteignait 25 % par mois, est tombee a 2,7 %.

Les Insoumis estiment que Kamala Harris a perdu parce que sa campagne n'etait pas assez radicale. Une grille de lecture qui permet de conforter la strategie de Melenchon.

L'EDITO DE FOG. Trump, rempart contre l'ideologie des elites. En France, une partie de la classe politique, en pleine deconstruction, serait-elle en train de pratiquer l'<< ablation de la memoire >>, selon la formule de Philippe de Villiers ?

Selon l'economiste Bertrand Martinot, il faut introduire une dose de capitalisation pour des raisons d'equite entre generations et d'efficience economique.

TRIBUNE. Des experts saluent la creation de ce collectif pro-business, tout en exprimant le souhait qu'il s'attaque egalement au dirigisme de l'Etat.

INTERVIEW. Pour le patron du groupe MoDem a l'Assemblee, il faut d'urgence sortir du bal des ego qui mine le << socle commun >> de Barnier et << etre utile aux Francais >>.

Apres la nomination d'Elon Musk a la tete d'un ministere de l'Efficacite gouvernementale, le ministre de la Fonction publique francais a exprime sa << hate >> de << partager les meilleures pratiques >>.

Le patron de l'ONG de defense des oceans Sea Shepherd avait fait une demande d'asile politique a Emmanuel Macron, au mois d'octobre.

CHRONIQUE. Les accusations de << genocide >> contre Israel se multiplient, revelant la derive antisioniste d'une partie de la gauche radicale.

L'ecrivain d'origine syrienne a anime dans des colleges franciliens des ateliers organises pour lutter contre la radicalisation et promouvoir la laicite. Il temoigne.

Un arriere-grand-pere heroique, un pere fantasque... Avec << Coeur >>, l'ecrivain raconte le destin flamboyant de ses aieux dans un livre aussi intime que romanesque et recompense par le jury de l'Interallie.

La nouvelle enquete Cluster17 pour << Le Point >> installe le Premier ministre dans le top 5 des personnalites politiques preferees des Francais. Gabriel Attal et Gerald Darmanin chutent.

Alors que les procureurs doivent requerir, ce mercredi 13 novembre a son proces, la presidente du groupe RN a l'Assemblee redoute, par-dessus tout, d'etre empechee de se presenter en 2027.

<< Incompetence >>, << radicalisme environnemental >>... L'Espagnole, proposee au poste de vice-presidente de la Commission en charge de la Transition ecologique, est bousculee par les deputes europeens.

L'infatigable Ridley Scott se repose pourtant sur ses lauriers avec cette suite inutile et empatee de son propre classique sorti en 2000. Spectaculaire mais vain.

LA CHRONIQUE DE WILLIAM THAY. Le nouveau gouvernement a provoque un climat anti-riches en rompant avec la politique fiscale attractive menee ces dernieres annees.

La station de sauvetage de Goury-La Hague a recu un nouveau canot ultramoderne. Mais il est bloque a quai, car trop polluant, selon les regles environnementales internationales.

INTERVIEW. << J'aurais souhaite une contribution plus prospective et moins desobligeante a l'egard des barreaux de province >>, reagit M e Julie Couturier au rapport du P r Jamin.

Le fondateur du Front national, age de 96 ans et qui a mis un terme a sa vie politique, est hospitalise afin de passer plusieurs examens, par << souci de securite >>.

He publicado ya un par de artículos dedicados especialmente a escritores. Me siento muy honrado con la gran acogida que han recibido. Prometí que habría […]

Origen

Este artículo es para ti si quieres embarcarte en una travesía única: la aventura de escribir tu primer libro. No estoy hablando de un libro […]

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El Diccionario de uso del español de María Moliner es una obra monumental. Son dos volúmenes que la autora iba elaborando pacientemente en el salón […]

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Hoy comparto contigo información sobre una iniciativa de Fundación Occident: las becas de grado Jesús Serra, que se convocan por primera vez en 2024. Además […]

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Yo soy un gran lector. Desde pequeño me ha fascinado la literatura y, por eso, siempre ando buscando ideas para leer. A veces llego a […]

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Publico este artículo para contestar a un comentario que he recibido y que me ha hecho reflexionar. El comentario de esta persona toca varios puntos […]

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Una alumna y un alumno me han planteado una pregunta con pocos días de diferencia. Se trata de lo siguiente: ambos quieren reforzar sus lecturas. […]

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¿Te gustaría escribir un libro? ¿Alguna vez lo has intentado? Sé que escribir un libro puede parecer un reto formidable. Muchas personas se preguntan si […]

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Hoy voy a hablar sobre herramientas para escribir un libro. Diferentes fases necesitan diferentes herramientas, porque un libro se escribe en varias fases; pero eso […]

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Uno de mis alumnos está escribiendo ahora las memorias de su infancia. Es un libro hermoso, sincero, único, en el que rescata los recuerdos luminosos […]

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Mi vocación es ayudar a escribir mejor a personas como tú. Llevo muchos años en esta maravillosa tarea y constato que la gente tiende a […]

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Lo he dicho y lo he repetido: escribir y leer son dos caras de la misma moneda. Para escribir mejor hay que leer más y […]

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Un escritor se tiene que alimentar. No me refiero a cómo nutrir el cuerpo. Eso es importante porque los escritores también tienen la costumbre de […]

Origen

Currently, the World Wide Web is mostly composed of isolated and loosely connected "data islands". Connecting them together and retrieving only the information that is of interest to the user is the common Web usage process. Creating infrastructure that would support automation of that process by aggregating and integrating Web data in accordance to user's personal preferences would greatly improve today's Web usage. A significant part of Web data is available only through the login and password protected applications. As that data is very important for the usefulness of described process, proposed infrastructure needs to support authorized access to user's personal data. In this paper we propose a semantically enhanced Web portal that presents unique personalized user's entry to the domain-specific Web information. We also propose an identity management system that supports authorized access to the protected Web data. To verify the proposed solution, we have built Sweb - a semantically enhanced Web portal that uses proposed identity management system.

These days, commodity-off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware and software are used to build high-end and powerful workstations and servers to be deployed in today's local area networks of private homes and small- to medium-sized business. Typically, these servers are multipurpose and shared - running networking functionalities involving IP packet forwarding in addition to other CPU intensive applications. In this paper we study and investigate the impact of running CPU-bound applications on the performance of IP packet forwarding. We measure and compare the impact and performance for the two operating systems of choice for home and small-business users, namely Linux and Windows XP. The performance is studied in terms of key performance metrics which include throughput, packet loss, round-trip delay, and CPU availability. For our measurements, we consider today's typical home network hosts of modern processors and Gigabit network cards. We also consider different configuration setups and utilize open-source tools to generate relatively high traffic rates. Our empirical results show that Linux exhibits superior performance over Windows XP in terms of IP forwarding performance. Results also show that, unlike Windows XP, the IP forwarding performance of Linux is not significantly impacted by running CPU-bound applications.

Due to information technologies the problem we are facing today is not a lack of information but too much information. This phenomenon becomes very clear when we consider two figures that are often quoted: Knowledge is doubling in many fields (biology, medicine, computer science, ...) within some 6 years; yet information is doubling every 8 months! This implies that the same piece of information/knowledge is published a large number of times with small variations.

Just look at an arbitrary news item. If considered of some general interest reports of it will appear in all major newspapers, journals, electronic media, etc. This is also the problem with information portals that tie together a number of large databases.

It is our contention that we need methods to reduce the huge set of information concerning a particular topic to a number of pieces of information (let us call each such piece an "essay" in what follows) that present a good cross-section of potential points of view. We will explain why one essay is usually not enough, yet the problem of reducing a huge amount of contributions to a digestible number of essays is formidable, indeed is science fiction at the moment. We will argue in this paper that it is one of the important tasks of computer sciences to start tackling this problem, and we will show that in some special cases partial solutions are possible.

This paper describes a new approach to document classification based on visual features alone. Text-based retrieval systems perform poorly on noisy text. We have conducted series of experiments using cosine distance as our similarity measure, selecting varying numbers local interest points per page, and varying numbers of nearest neighbour points in the similarity calculations. We have found that a distance-based measure of similarity outperforms a rank-based measure except when there are few interest points. We show that using visual features substantially outperforms textbased approaches for noisy text, giving average precision in the range 0.4-0.43 in several experiments retrieving scientific papers.

In this paper a line detection and segmentation technique is presented. The proposed technique is an improved version of an older one. The experiments have been performed on the training dataset of the ICDAR 2009 handwriting segmentation contest in order to be able to compare, objectively, the performance of the two techniques. The improvement between the older and newer version is more than 24% while the average extra CPU time cost is less than 200 ms per page.

This paper proposes a new approach to water flow algorithm for the text line segmentation. Original method assumes hypothetical water flows under a few specified angles to the document image frame from left to right and vice versa. As a result, unwetted image frames are extracted. These areas are of major importance for text line segmentation. Method modifications mean extension values of water flow angle and unwetted image frames function enlargement. Results are encouraging due to text line segmentation improvement which is the most challenging process stage in document image processing.

An OCR free word spotting method is developed and evaluated under a strong experimental protocol. Different feature sets are evaluated under the same experimental conditions. In addition, a tuning process in the document segmentation step is proposed which provides a significant reduction in terms of processing time. For this purpose, a complete OCR-free method for word spotting in printed documents was implemented, and a document database containing document images and their corresponding ground truth text files was created. A strong experimental protocol based on 800 document images allows us to compare the results of the three feature sets used to represent the word image.

Due to both the widespread and multipurpose use of document images and the current availability of a high number of document images repositories, robust information retrieval mechanisms and systems have been increasingly demanded. This paper presents an approach to support the automatic generation of relationships among document images by exploiting Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) and Optical Character Recognition (OCR). We developed the LinkDI (Linking of Document Images) service, which extracts and indexes document images content, computes its latent semantics, and defines relationships among images as hyperlinks. LinkDI was experimented with document images repositories, and its performance was evaluated by comparing the quality of the relationships created among textual documents as well as among their respective document images. Considering those same document images, we ran further experiments in order to compare the performance of LinkDI when it exploits or not the LSI technique. Experimental results showed that LSI can mitigate the effects of usual OCR misrecognition, which reinforces the feasibility of LinkDI relating OCR output with high degradation.

This work describes an online handwritten character recognition system working in combination with an offline recognition system. The online input data is also converted into an offline image, and in parallel recognized by both online and offline strategies. Features are proposed for offline recognition and a disambiguation step is employed in the offline system for the samples for which the confidence level of the classier is low. The outputs are then combined probabilistically resulting in a classier out-performing both individual systems. Experiments are performed for Kannada, a South Indian Language, over a database of 295 classes. The accuracy of the online recognizer improves by 11% when the combination with offline system is used.