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4. Beaver Moon 2024: See the final 'supermoon' of the year rise next to the 'Seven Sisters'  Livescience.com
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1. Fantasy football rankings Week 11: Sleepers, projections, starts, Russell Wilson, Calvin Ridley and more - The Athletic  The New York Times
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1. Booker Prize Is Awarded to Samantha Harvey’s ‘Orbital’  The New York Times
2. Samantha Harvey wins the Booker prize for “Orbital”  The Economist
3. ‘This is a book we need now’: Sara Collins on choosing this year’s Booker winner  The Guardian
4. Orbital by Samantha Harvey: the Booker prize-winner set to go 'stratospheric'  The Week
5. The inconvenient truth about this year’s Booker Prize winner  The Independent

1. OWC’s Thunderbolt 5 Hub Takes Full Advantage of the Fastest New Macs  PetaPixel
2. My first Thunderbolt 5 experience has been a massive bust  PCWorld
3. OWC Thunderbolt 5 SSD gets first review, and yes, it can reach 48Gbps — making it the fastest single-drive portable SSD that you can buy  TechRadar
4. OWC’s first Thunderbolt 5 hub is available for preorder.  The Verge
5. Thunderbolt 5 in New Macs: Features, Benefits, and Is It Needed?  MacRumors

1. Israel's West Bank settlers hope Trump's return will pave the way for major settlement expansion  ABC News
2. Ex-Trump aides warn Israeli ministers not to assume he’ll back annexation in 2nd term  The Times of Israel
3. This Is How Netanyahu Will Annex the West Bank  Haaretz
4. Eyeing Trump support, Israeli minister pushes for West Bank settlement annexation  CNN

1. IDF: ‘New Hezbollah targets’ reached in expanded south Lebanon ground operation  The Times of Israel
2. A new deterrence for Lebanon is needed to avoid a long war with Israel  Al Jazeera English
3. Lebanon awaits truce proposals after US envoy expresses hope  Reuters
4. Israel-Gaza-Lebanon live updates: 'No cease-fire' in Lebanon, defense minister says  ABC News
5. While Israel Seeks Deal in Lebanon, IDF and Hezbollah Escalate Their Attacks  Haaretz

1. Who is Mike Huckabee, the evangelical, pro-settlement envoy to Israel?  Al Jazeera English
2. Mike Huckabee once said that ‘there’s really no such thing as a Palestinian’  CNN
3. Trump nominates Mike Huckabee for US ambassador to Israel  Fox News
4. Trump Picks Mike Huckabee, Former Arkansas Governor, for Ambassador to Israel  The New York Times

1. Biden and Trump to Meet at the White House: Live Updates  The New York Times
2. Biden, Trump Set For White House Meeting After Harris Election Loss  NDTV
3. Biden-Trump White House meeting revives presidential tradition skipped 4 years ago  Fox News
4. Trump and Biden to meet at White House as Senate GOP holds leadership election  CNN

Wondering what the ✨ (sparkle) emoji means? This fun and glittery emoji can be used in a variety of ways, so we’ve put together an easy guide just for you! Keep reading to learn what the sparkle emoji means and how you can use it.

If you really like spending time and hanging out with someone, you’re probably wondering if they feel the same way. While it’s sometimes pretty easy to tell if somebody is your friend, it never hurts to ask, especially if you want to pursue a more serious relationship with them. We know that it’s a little nerve-wracking to have this conversation, but there are a lot of ways to talk about it without any stress. Keep reading for a list of different direct and indirect ways you can pose the question.

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Summary: We know that LLMs hallucinate. And we know that we can overcome some of that problem with better prompts. But can LLMs provide references for their work? I conducted an experiment.

Recently my friend Scott Mace asked this on X in response to a post about the evolution of software and how LLMs will likely follow that same trajectory:

Yes, but how trustworthy will it be? Can I at least see the links it used to create its response?

From X
Referenced 2024-05-21T18:09:06-0400

The short answer is "no", but the real answer is a bit more nuanced because of how LLMs like ChatGPT work. First the short answer: LLMs don't understand what they're saying so they can't reference the material that it used to create a response. They don't work like that. They don't go out, do a bunch of research and then create a response. Instead lots (and I mean LOTS) of material is fed into the program that creates the model, a multi-dimensional matrix of word orders. Then when you ask a question ("give it prompt" in LLM-speak), it processes the question and generates text based on the probabilities of words in its model¹. There's no way it can satisfy Scott directly because the model doesn't—can't, as far as I know—include the references that it used to create the text because it's generating it on the fly from material that has been thoroughly blended together.

But, in fairness, that's not what people do most of the time either. If you asked me over lunch or at the end of a tech presentation to describe zero trust and its pros and cons, I'd start talking. I wouldn't start looking up things on the web and somehow weave them into text complete with references. I'd go look for references if you asked me to back up something I said. So, let's try that with ChatGPT 4o. I gave it the following prompt:

You are a writer for a website focusing on technology. Your specialty is security. Write a 150 word explanation of zero trust with three pros and three cons.

ChaptGPT answered with this text:

Zero Trust is a security model based on the principle of "never trust, always verify." Unlike traditional security models that assume everything inside the network is safe, Zero Trust assumes that threats can exist both inside and outside the network. It requires strict identity verification for every user and device attempting to access resources, regardless of their location.

Pros:

1. Enhanced Security: By continuously verifying users and devices, Zero Trust reduces the risk of breaches and unauthorized access.
2. Minimized Attack Surface: It limits access to only what is necessary, reducing potential entry points for attackers.
3. Improved Compliance: Helps meet regulatory requirements by ensuring strict access controls and logging all access attempts.

Cons:

1. Complex Implementation: Deploying Zero Trust can be complex and time-consuming, requiring a significant overhaul of existing systems and processes.
2. Increased Costs: The initial investment in technology and training can be high.
3. User Experience Impact: Continuous verification can lead to friction and inconvenience for users if not implemented smoothly.

Zero Trust is essential for modern cybersecurity, but it requires careful planning and resources to implement effectively.

That's pretty good. But what if we need some references to other material to back up the pros and cons? I asked ChatGPT to supply them:

Now repeat that task, but this time include references as hyperlinks to back up each pro and con.

ChaptGPT answered with this text:

Zero Trust is a security model based on the principle of "never trust, always verify." Unlike traditional security models that assume everything inside the network is safe, Zero Trust assumes that threats can exist both inside and outside the network. It requires strict identity verification for every user and device attempting to access resources, regardless of their location.

Pros:

1. Enhanced Security: By continuously verifying users and devices, Zero Trust reduces the risk of breaches and unauthorized access (CSO Online).
2. Minimized Attack Surface: It limits access to only what is necessary, reducing potential entry points for attackers (NIST).
3. Improved Compliance: Helps meet regulatory requirements by ensuring strict access controls and logging all access attempts (Gartner).

Cons:

1. Complex Implementation: Deploying Zero Trust can be complex and time-consuming, requiring a significant overhaul of existing systems and processes (Forrester).
2. Increased Costs: The initial investment in technology and training can be high (ZDNet).
3. User Experience Impact: Continuous verification can lead to friction and inconvenience for users if not implemented smoothly (TechRepublic).

Zero Trust is essential for modern cybersecurity, but it requires careful planning and resources to implement effectively.

That looks great! Nice references for each bullet. There's just one problem. All the links, except the NIST reference, are dead. I don't know if they're wrong, made up, or stale. I tried finding content on a few of the sites by searching and came up dry. As I heard Johannes Ernst say once, ChatGPT is a "large language model" not a "large fact model" and this bears that out.

Still, asking for references or evidence for statements is something people are going to want. So, I tried a different tack. This time I asked this:

Why do you say complex implementation is a problem for zero trust? Can you give me a few references on that I can read myself?

ChatGPT responded with this:

Implementing a Zero Trust security model can be challenging for several reasons:

1. Overall Complexity: Zero Trust requires a comprehensive understanding of your network's intricacies, including users, devices, applications, and data. This can involve significant changes to existing infrastructure, which can be disruptive and costly. Organizations need to be prepared for the extensive planning and resources required for successful implementation​ (Help Net Security)​​ (Enterprise Networking Planet​).
2. Legacy Systems: Many organizations have legacy systems that are not designed to operate within a Zero Trust framework. These systems might require different security measures or even complete replacement, adding to the complexity and cost (Help Net Security)​​ (Enterprise Networking Planet​)
3. Cultural Shift: Zero Trust is not just a technological shift but also a cultural one. It requires continuous verification and strict access controls, which can lead to user frustration and resistance if not managed properly. Ensuring user buy-in and minimizing disruption to workflows through training and communication is essential (Deloitte United States)​​ (Guidehouse).
4. Resource Intensive: Implementing and maintaining Zero Trust can put a strain on IT resources due to the need for continuous monitoring and management. The need for advanced security tools and ongoing updates further adds to the resource demands (Help Net Security)​​ (Enterprise Networking Planet​).
5. Stakeholder Alignment: Achieving buy-in from all stakeholders and aligning them with the Zero Trust principles is critical. This requires a coordinated effort to educate stakeholders, prioritize gaps, and ensure consistent understanding and application of Zero Trust principles across the organization (Deloitte United States)​​ (Guidehouse).

These challenges highlight the importance of a phased and well-planned approach to Zero Trust implementation, considering both technological and human factors. For more detailed insights, you can refer to articles from Help Net Security and Guidehouse.

Much better. The links in the bullets all work, but the ones at the end don't. The articles it references aren’t very detailed, so I wouldn’t say they’re stellar references, but at least there’s a pointer to outside material that discusses similar challenges. So, partial success.

I've found that when you're using ChatGPT to do research, treating it like a librarian and asking questions that follow up are the best way to gain confidence that the material is correct and find the supporting material, just as I did above. I'm sure you could wrap additional helper functions around an LLM to make getting references easier. But for now interrogation through chat is the best way to get comfortable with the results.

Notes

1. Yeah, this is really simplified and thus wrong, but it's directionally correct. For a better explanation, see What Is ChatGPT Doing … and Why Does It Work?.

Photo Credit: Older Man Talking to Robot Librarian from DALL-E (public domain) Prompt: draw me a rectangular picture of an older man talking with a robot librarian. Use earth tones.

Tags: genai llm chatgpt prompt+engineering

Helen J. DeWaard, Canadian Journal of Learning Technology, Nov 13, 2024

I enjoyed the lavish illustrations in this article, a rarity in academic publications. After anm introductory section, the paper offers what is essentially a dialogue around the topic of sharing and openness in education. This bit from  the abstract resonated most with me: "It is becoming ever more important to share expertise as practitioners, researchers, and theorists in the field of education by making explicit what is often tacit and unspoken, and when sharing knowledge, reflections, and actions. By actively thinking-out-loud through blogs, social media, and open scholarly publications, educators can openly share details of what, how, and why they do what they do." This is the space where OLDaily operates - a somewhat middle ground between full academia on the one hand and the popular press on the other.

James Devitt-NYU, Futurity, Nov 13, 2024

This article challenges us to think more deeply on the distinction between knowledge and memory. The claim made here is that parts of the body - the kidney, say - can replicate the massed-spaced effect, retaining information over time, which is the same thing we see when connections are formed between neurons in the brain. But is that the same as forming a memory? I have Haglund's Deformity, a 'memory' of my many years of walking in bad shows. That seems more like "what our pancreas remembers about the pattern of our past meals to maintain healthy levels of blood glucose" and rather less like "knowing Paris is the capital of France". We can interpret these 'memories' as retained information, but it's not clear this is in any way any sort of knowledge.

Alexandra Mihai, The Educationalist, Nov 13, 2024

Interesting commentary on the state of research in educational technology today and what's missing. What's missing? Research that links theory through technology to needs and practices (so I summarize). Thus, Alexandra Mihai looks for "insights into how educational technology can enhance the learning process" and "how technology can contribute to addressing the increasing diversity of our learner population." Mihai also considers the impact of AI on the research process, suggesting "it's so important to maintain our agency in the research and writing process." I don't think education as a discipline has come to terms enough with how people actually learn, which (to me) explain the persistence of the sort of teacher- and institution-focused approaches Mihai asks for here.

Vinay K. Chaudhri, The Hechinger Report, Nov 13, 2024

This is an idea straight from the 50s but expect to see more of the same as companies wrestle with how to make their publications relevant in the age of AI. Vinay K. Chaudhri beghins with a reaffirmation of the importance of textbooks (as "a carefully curated body of knowledge... nearly 100 percent accurate... (and) the view of an expert educator"). Needed now, though, is "authoring textbooks so that their concepts can be read as computer code." How? Back to the 50s - a controlled vocabulary. "Textbooks, using the discipline of knowledge engineering, can support the curation, preservation and learning of all forms of human knowledge." Next up? I guess it would have to be the unification of the sciences.

Jared Cooney Horvath, Nov 13, 2024

Obviously you can't simply cite some PISA scores to show that 'ed tech is failing'. Minimally, it may well be that schools today are teaching less of what PISA is testing (eg. computer and information literacy). Additionally, there is a drift in what PISA tests for one year to the next (they don't test against curricula, they test against what PISA test designers believe a 15-year old should know, independently of curricula). There are additional factors, such as the pandemic, but not just that, also war and political change. And a final challenge is that most 15-year olds aren't actually taught using ed tech.

The Dutch Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management (Ministerie van Verkeer en Waterstaat) announces their new RSS news feed. It is a noteworthy model for other governmental agencies to emulate.

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Emarketing firms IMH, Inc. and eLaw Marketing offer new RSS services for publishing eNewsletters. Can the same thing be accomplished using your existing blogging software?

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