The positional preference of an animal can be very informative regarding the choices it makes about how to interact with its environment. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has been used as a robust system for examining neurobiological mechanisms underlying behavior. Fruit fly positional preference can be gathered from TriKinetics Drosophila activity monitors (DAMs), which contain four infrared beams, allowing for tracking the position of individual flies along the length of a tube. Here, we describe a method for using DAM5Ms to examine food preference. Specifically, we show an example in which circadian changes in food preference are compared between different Drosophila species. More information about the evolution of behavior can be gathered by measuring feeding preference relative to time of day. Noni, fruit from Morinda citrifolia, contains octanoic acid, a chemical toxic to many species of Drosophila. D. melanogaster and D. simulans, both food generalists, show high sensitivity to octanoic acid, whereas D. sechellia, a specialist, can tolerate high concentrations. When two different food substrates are provided at each end of a tube, food preference can be inferred at various times of the day, using the sleep and circadian analysis MATLAB program (SCAMP) to extract and analyze positional data from DAM5Ms. Data gathered from these analyses can be used to compare avoidance or attraction to nutrients, tastants, or odors between species and genotypes or after specific different treatments. Additionally, such data can be examined as a function of time of day.

Sleep is a fundamental feature of life for virtually all multicellular animals, but many questions remain about how sleep is regulated by circadian rhythms, homeostatic sleep drive that builds up with wakefulness, and modifying factors such as hunger or social interactions, as well as about the biological functions of sleep. Substantial headway has been made in the study of both circadian rhythms and sleep in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, much of it through studies of individual fly activity using Drosophila activity monitors (DAMs). Here, we describe approaches for the activation of specific neurons of interest using optogenetics (involving genetic modifications that allow for light-based neuronal activation) and thermogenetics (involving genetic modifications that allow for temperature-based neuronal activation) so that researchers can evaluate the roles of those neurons in controlling rest and activity behavior. In this protocol, we describe how to set up a rig for simultaneous optogenetic or thermogenetic stimulation and activity monitoring for analysis of sleep and circadian rhythms in Drosophila, how to raise appropriate flies, and how to perform the experiment. This protocol will allow researchers to assess the causative role in the regulation of sleep and activity rhythms of any genetically tractable subset of cells.

Sleep is important for survival, and the need for sleep is conserved across species. In the past two decades, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as a promising system in which to study the genetic, neural, and physiological bases of sleep. Through significant advances in our understanding of the regulation of sleep in flies, the field is poised to address several open questions about sleep, such as how the need for sleep is encoded, how molecular regulators of sleep are situated within brain networks, and what the functions of sleep are. Here, we describe key findings, open questions, and commonly used methods that have been used to inform existing theories and develop new ways of thinking about the function, regulation, and adaptability of sleep behavior.

Affibody molecules are small, robust, and versatile affinity proteins currently being explored for therapeutic, diagnostic, and biotechnological applications. Surface-exposed residues on the affibody scaffold are randomized to create large affibody libraries from which novel binding specificities to virtually any protein target can be generated using combinatorial protein engineering. Affibody molecules have the potential to complement—or even surpass—current antibody-based technologies, exhibiting multiple desirable properties, such as high stability, affinity, and specificity, efficient tissue penetration, and straightforward modular extension of functional domains. It has been shown in both preclinical and clinical studies that affibody molecules are safe, efficacious, and valuable alternatives to antibodies for specific targeting in the context of in vivo diagnostics and therapy. Here, we provide a general background of affibody molecules, give examples of reported applications, and briefly summarize the methodology for affibody generation.

IMAGINE if you’d spent a grand on a single Berkshire Hathaway share 31 years ago. That stock just passed $US200,000 and is still climbing.

ONLINE jobs and education group Seek will continue expansion into international markets.

JOHN Akers, who led IBM as its longtime dominance of the computer industry began to wane, has died, aged 79.

MCDONALD’S revenues have slumped and there’s one key reason: Millennials aren’t Maccas fans, choosing fresher, healthier food instead.

THE world’s tech will undergo a transformation over just three weeks with a bonanza of new phones, tablets, smart watches and OLED 4K TVs.

ENERGY giant Rosneft is poised to take control of a new Arctic Circle LNG project planned for an area of northern Russia fronting the Barents Sea.

KLEINER Perkins Caufield & Byers has agreed to invest in ephemeral message service Snapchat at a valuation of close to $US10 bn.

THE Federal Bureau of Investigation is probing a possible computer hacking attack on J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.

TWO banks have suspended London-based currency traders over the alleged manipulation of foreign exchange markets.

INVESTORS swarmed over the shares of a maker of valves on Friday as China broke its self-imposed freeze on initial public offerings.

Secretary of State was questioned on Good Morning Britain over the pledge - with host asking 'how much will it have gone up by then?'

New research has revealed a growing mental phenomena sweeping the UK, which may only affect those with a certain income

A DWP employee who has been working in the welfare system for 42 years has shared some key advice for new claims for the likes of PIP and Attendance Allowance

Finance guru Laura Pomfret explained how changes to inheritance tax in the budget may hit people in a way they hadn't realised

The energy bill support has been described as a "crucial lifeline" for certain individuals who are often "overlooked".

Chancellor Rachel Reeves has torpedoed the UK's economic recovery with her tax-and-spend Budget but Ed Miliband is the one who worries me.

October marked the "biggest" sales month for supermarkets in the UK so far despite food price hikes.

Martin Lewis has warned Tesco customers of a piece of small print that could see £18m worth of Clubcard points wasted.

A Labour minister confirmed that the application process for Personal Independence Payment is being 'kept under review'

Benefit increases, new investment opportunities, and several tax changes are due to come into effect in April.

The company behind Pornhub and other popular pornographic sites broke Canadian privacy law by allowing intimate images to be shared on its websites without the direct knowledge or consent of everyone depicted, the federal privacy commissioner has ruled. The Office of the Privacy Commissioner’s (OPC) investigation into Aylo (formerly MindGeek), one of the world’s largest […]

If rumours are true and this one should be, I started it, we have a special edition of the Weekend show where we talk about the evolution of the role of the CIO with two incredible CIOs as the CIO Association of Canada turns 20. Don’t miss it.  MUSIC UP Can HP make you love […]

MWC Barcelona 2024 comes to a close today. Here’s a look at some of the announcements that the event brought to light, from industry leaders like Cisco, Google, Intel and others, spanning artificial intelligence, telecom, security and sustainability. Telecom Cisco has partnered with Telus to launch new 5G capabilities for IoT use cases across industry […]

In an interview with IT World Canada, consulting giant Deloitte highlighted the importance of an ecosystem-based approach to tackle issues around digital equity in Canada and service delivery challenges in the public sector. “Our strong view is that the people of Canada benefit when there’s effective collaboration between public and private organizations, including on critical […]

The future and all that is possible was on full display this week at MWC Barcelona 2024 in Hall Six of Gran Via, the site of an innovation zone that featured hands-on and immersive demos of things ranging from devices that enhance the growing of fruit to what has been described as the “world’s first […]

The Competition Bureau has announced that it has expanded its investigation into Google’s online ad practices. This is the first major update to the investigation since it began in 2020, and a year later the competition watchdog obtained a court order from the Federal Courts of Appeal, requiring Google to produce records and written information […]

In a new report, KPMG has broken down the provincial adoption rate of generative AI across Canada, and found that Quebec led with 26 per cent, ahead of Alberta (23 per cent), British Columbia (22 per cent) and Ontario (20.5 per cent), which nearly tied with Saskatchewan and Manitoba. Atlantic Canada saw the lowest adoption […]

How private is your internet address? Very, says the Supreme Court of Canada. Police can’t just walk into a company and demand a suspect’s IP address by saying a Canadian resident doesn’t have an expectation of privacy of that information, the court ruled today. An IP address is vital enough that every resident expects it […]

With competition heating up in the foundry business – India this week approved three new semiconductor plants involving Tata Group and CG Power,, and is looking to achieve dominance in the industry – existing foundries have to up their game. Chief among them is Intel, which has been trying to recover from historical missteps that […]

In Canada, your IP address has the right to remain silent. Elon Musk is suing OpenAI for not being Open. Apple faces a class action not allowing competitive access to backup services and the World Server Throwing Competition in March 2024 is accused of being too violent towards servers.   All this and more on the […]

The ongoing saga of the BlackCat/AlphV ransomware gang continues, with a news report that the crew has shut down its servers after a controversial hack of an American healthcare services provider. Bleeping Computer says the gang’s data leak blog shut on Friday and the sites it uses to negotiate ransom payments closed today. This comes […]

Apple Music gives a whole new meaning to the phrase the hits just keep on coming.  It’s not the opposing candidates, it’s public AI systems that are spreading election disinformation, and LockBit, the cybercriminal gang may be back from the dead and saying so long to the ChatGPT plugins, which went from innovation to legacy […]

Kaseya, a provider of unified IT management and security software for managed service providers (MSPs) and small to midsize business (SMBs), today released its 2024 MSP Benchmark Report, which surveyed close to 1,000 MSPs from the Americas, EMEA (Europe, Middle East and Africa) and APAC (Asia Pacific) regions and includes responses from both IT professionals […]

Imagine a world without Facebook. For just half an hour. A group of AI leaders get together but don’t seem to invite Elon Musk. Amazon takes data centres nuclear. A new competitor for ChatGPT and Google. And public trust in AI is declining.  All this and more on the “just breath, Facebook will be back” […]

Ransomware is behind the cyber attack on the city of Hamilton, Ont., the municipality’s city manager says. Marnie Cluckie told reporters Monday afternoon that the attack, which was detected the evening of Sunday, Feb. 25, was the result of ransomware. She wouldn’t say what strain of the malware the city has been hit with, how […]

Canada’s national anti-money laundering agency has been hit by a cyber attack. The Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada (FINTRAC) said Tuesday that over the last 24 hours it has been managing a cyber incident. “The incident does not involve the centre’s intelligence or classified systems,” it said in a statement. “As a […]

A pilot program aimed at training women and non-binary persons for careers in cybersecurity will soon start recruiting its third group of students. The program, offered to students in computer science and related courses in seven Canadian post-secondary institutions, should start looking for candidates next month for the fall academic year, said Vivian Lee, team […]

The government of Canada has announced significant investments to improve connectivity in British Columbia and Alberta over the past two days. That includes combined federal and provincial funding of C$112 million to bring high speed internet access to more than 22,500 households in Alta. and another $37 million for 7,500 households in B.C.. The households, […]

Artificial intelligence can be the key to unlocking better relationships with work, HP revealed in its new Work Relationship Index (WRI) report. “AI represents a significant opportunity to transform our work dynamics and unlock a more positive and productive environment for all,” stated Dave Shull, president of HP Workforce Solutions at HP Inc.. “To foster […]

Facing an unprecedented crisis, IT World Canada, a beacon of technology journalism, is on the brink of closure. This poses a critical question: Without IT World Canada, who will narrate Canada’s tech story? After decades of serving the Canadian tech industry, IT World Canada needs help to survive. As of midnight tonight, the company is […]

Pension veterans say there was more going on behind the scenes than scrutiny of costs

The appointment of a political outsider like Musk could help Trump cut regulations and rein in government bureaucracy, even if the moves are unpopular

Listings outpace demand in Toronto and Vancouver

Atlantic Canadians say the region has room to grow, but is facing a shrinking labour pool

Stock and bond markets are already reacting in anticipation of the changes

Stocks have soared since Donald Trump was elected, but some say the run-up has more to do with bubbles than policy