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How to have sub trees for sub trees

I want to create sub tree of sub trees how can i do that?

I want to create another tree for the Sub parameter also.

; create a root tree
indexTree=hiCreateTree('index11)



hiTreeAppendItem(indexTree hiCreateTreeItem('dow11 list("Parameter 1")))

; create two sub-trees
dowTree11=hiCreateTree('dows11)
hiItemInsertTree(dow11 dowTree11)



nasTree11=hiCreateTree('nass11)

hiItemInsertTree(nas11 nasTree11)

hiTreeAppendItem(dowTree11 hiCreateTreeItem('ibm list("Sub Parameter 2" )))

ibm11=hiCreateTree('ibsm)
hiItemInsertTree(dowTree11 ibm11)
hiTreeAppendItem(ibm11 hiCreateTreeItem('cdn111 list("Sub Parameter 1" "tb1_par1" "tb2_par1")))




w

Coordinates(bBoxes) of all the shapes(layers) in a layout view

Hello Community,

Is there any simple way how i can get the coordinates of all the shapes in a layout view?

Currently i'm flattening the layout, getting all the lpps from CV and using setof to get all the shapes of a layer and looping through them to get the coordinates.

Is there a way to do it without having to flatten the layout view and shapes merged or any other elegant way to do it if we flatten it?

Also, dbWriteSkill doesn't give output how i desired

Thanks,

Shankar




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How to add custom indicators to Dynamic Display measuring HUD

I am attempting to use dbGetNeighbor() function inside the dynamic display HUD so that the distance to the next metal on that layer could be viewed. Think of another line in this dynamic table here... 

My SKILL code is essentially the following:

procedure(getNearestNeighborOnMetal(cv)
let((direction tmpBoundingBox)
direction = internal_function()
tmpBoundingBox = dbCreateRect(geGetEditCellView() "tmp" list(hiGetCommandPoint() hiGetCommandPoint()))
car(dbGetNeighbor(geGetEditCellView() tmpBoundingBox direction))
)
)

this returns the distance to the closest metal based on some tests.

Next, I try to register this function to work in the Dynamic Display / Info Balloon world by executing odcRegisterCustomFunc() for each and every object type (I know, absurd, but trying to debug)

In the dynamic display menu, I toggle the "Custom SKILL Function" check in layoutXL, then hit apply, then OK.

After this I find I am unable to view the changes reflected in any info balloons or in the drawing HUD (above) for this wire. I have tried replacing my function with the sample "customFunc" from the odcRegisterCustomFunc() documentation and was still unable to produce any new output.

Any help diagnosing the use of this feature would be very much appreciated




w

How to create draw region button like the one used in the Area and Density calculator

Hello,

I would like to create a button for my form that prompts the user to click on a cellview and draw a rectangle bounding box, exactly like the one used in the Area and Density Calculator. Can someone please help me with this?

Thanks!

Beto




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Error ASSEMBLER-1600 when running script with two different MC simulations

Hello Community,

I have encountered an issue that is a mystery to me and hope somebody could give me a clue about what is happening in Cadence and maybe even a solution?

I am running a test scripted in a SKILL file that sequentially opens two different projects with MC analyses and in between I get an error message box and also multiple logs in CIW with exactly the same text.

 

Both projects run a simulation with a call like this:

historyName = maeRunSimulation(?session sessionName ?waitUntilDone t)

 

After this the script closes the current project, opens the next project and executes the same line with maeRunSimulation() for the second project. Then immediately this error message happens, and also is logged repeatedly in the CIW window

 

The message box looks like this:

The logs I get in CIW:

 

nil
hiCancelProgressBox(_axlNetlistCreateProgressBar)
nil
hiCancelProgressBox(_axlUILoadForm)
nil
when(dwindow('axlDataViewessWindow1) hiMapWindow(dwindow('axlDataViewessWindow1)))
t
when(dwindow('axlRunSummaryessWindow1) hiMapWindow(dwindow('axlRunSummaryessWindow1)))
t
ERROR (ASSEMBLER-1600): Cannot find an active session named fnxSession0.
You can only modify an ADE Assembler session that is active.
Perhaps the session name was misspelled or has not yet been created.
Verify the session name matches an existing ADE Assembler session.

1>
ERROR (ASSEMBLER-1600): Cannot find an active session named fnxSession0.
You can only modify an ADE Assembler session that is active.
Perhaps the session name was misspelled or has not yet been created.
Verify the session name matches an existing ADE Assembler session.

*WARNING* hiDisplayAppDBox: modal dbox 'adexlMessageDialog' is already displayed!
ERROR (ASSEMBLER-1600): Cannot find an active session named fnxSession0.
You can only modify an ADE Assembler session that is active.
Perhaps the session name was misspelled or has not yet been created.
Verify the session name matches an existing ADE Assembler session.

*WARNING* hiDisplayAppDBox: modal dbox 'adexlMessageDialog' is already displayed!
ERROR (ASSEMBLER-1600): Cannot find an active session named fnxSession0.
You can only modify an ADE Assembler session that is active.
Perhaps the session name was misspelled or has not yet been created.
Verify the session name matches an existing ADE Assembler session.




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can't resize window by mouse

Hi guys,

I see that inside VNC I can’t resize window boxes by mouse. While pressing the arrow at the box edge and dragging it nothing happens:

 

is it a bug, or setup change require?

Noted, it only happens when trying to resize window box from left and right side..

 

Thx




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DRC warning when use abConvertPolygonToPath.ils code

Hi All,

I'm using a code (abConvertPolygonToPath.ils) that I found in other posts to convert a rect object to a path object inside a pcell code, but when I try to run a DRC, the layout export fails due to a warning message, here is the log message

*WARNING* (DB-270001): Pcell evaluation for 18A_asaavedr/lay_mesh_BM0_BM4_3p6_3p6/layout has the following error(s):

*WARNING* (DB-270002): ("eval" 0 t nil ("*Error* eval: undefined function" abConvertPolygonToPath))

 

ERROR (XOASIS-231): Pcell evaluation failed for '18A_asaavedr/lay_mesh_BM0_BM4_3p6_3p6/layout' because the Pcell SKILL code contains either a syntax error or an unsupported XOasis function. Check the standard output or the Virtuoso log file for more information. Cadence recommends correcting the Pcell SKILL code to resolve the issue. However, to ignore these errors and continue the translation, you may use the 'ignorePcellEvalFail' option.

INFO (XOASIS-282): Translation Failed. '1' error(s) and '3' warning(s) found.

And when compile the code I get the following message:

*WARNING* defgeneric function already defined - abConvertPolygonToPath

I will aprreciate any help in how to waive this error, or fix it.

Thank you




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How to restrict the variable's data type of procedure with @key

Hi,

I want to define a procedure that with @key, and I also want to restrict the variable's datatype, I tried with folloing but I received error in CIW

procedure(tt(handler @key str1 str2 "ssS")
  printf("handler: %L " handler)
)

tt('test)

The error is like: *Error* tt: argument for keyword ?str1 should be a symbol (type template = "ssS") at line 11 of file

Thanks,

James




w

Destructive form of "cons" - efficiently prepending an item to a procedure's argument which is a list

Hello,

I was looking to destructively and efficiently modify a list that was passed in as an argument to a procedure, by prepending an item to the list.

I noticed that cons lets you do this efficiently, but the operation is non-destructive. Hence this wouldn't work if you are trying to modify a function's list parameter in place.

Here is an example of trying to add "0" to the front of a list:

procedure( attempt_to_prepend_list(l elem)
    l = cons(elem l)
)
a = list(1 2 3)
==> (1 2 3)
attempt_to_prepend_list(a 0)
==> (0 1 2 3)
a
==> (1 2 3)
As we can see, the original list is not prepended.
Here is a function though which achieves the desired result while being efficient. Namely, the following function does not create any new lists and only uses fast methods like cons, rplacd, and rplaca
procedure( prepend_list(l elem)
    ; cons(car(l) cdr(l)) results in a new list with the car(l) duplicated
    ; we then replace the cdr of l so that we are now pointing to this new list
    rplacd(l cons(car(l) cdr(l)))

    ; we replace the previously duplicated car(l) with the element we want
    rplaca(l elem)
)
a = list(1 2 3)
==> (1 2 3)
prepend_list(a 0)
==> (0 1 2 3)
a
==> (0 1 2 3)
This works for me, but I find it surprising there is no built-in function to do this. Am I perhaps overlooking something in the documentation? I know that tconc is an efficient and destructive way to append items to the end of a list, but there isn't an equivalent for the front of the list?




w

Cross-probe between layout veiw and schematic view

Hi there

I am trying to make cross-probe btw layout and schematic view.

so when I execute the code in schematic using bindkey, the code will raise the layout view (hiRaiseWindow)

and then I want to descend to the same hierarchy as schematic. (geSelectFig, leHiEditInPlace)

But looks like current cellview still stays at schematic view.

I got this error msg, and when I print current cell view name at where I got this msg, it replys schematic.

*Error* geSelectFig: argument #1 should be a database object (type template = "d") - nil

is there any way to change the current cellview to layout view?

I also added this code, but didn't work.

geGetEditCellView(geGetCellViewWindow(cvId)) ;cvId is layout view

I don't want to close the schematic view, just want to move the focus or make geSelectFig works.

Thanks in advance.




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μWaveRiders: New Python Library Provides a Higher-Level API in the Cadence AWR Design Environment

A new Python library has been written to facilitate an interface between Python and AWR software using a command structure that adheres more closely to Python coding conventions. This library is labeled "pyawr-utils" and it is installed using the standard Python pip command. Comprehensive documentation for installing and using pyawr-utils is available.(read more)




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μWaveRiders: Setting Up a Successful AWR Design Environment Design - UI and Simulation

When starting a new design, it's important to take the time to consider design recommendations that prevent problems that can arise later in the design cycle. This two-part compilation of guidelines for starting a new design is the result of years of Cadence AWR Design Environment platform Support experience with designs. Pre-design decisions for user interface, simulation, layout, and library configuration lay the groundwork for a successful and efficient AWR design. This blog covers the user interface (UI) and simulation considerations designers should note prior to starting a design.(read more)




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μWaveRiders: Thermal Analysis for RF Power Applications

Thermal analysis with the Cadence Celsius Thermal Solver integrated within the AWR Microwave Office circuit simulator gives designers an understanding of device operating temperatures related to power dissipation. That temperature information can be introduced into an electrothermal model to predict the impact on RF performance.(read more)




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New Training Courses for RF/Microwave Designers Featuring Cadence AWR Software

Cadence AWR Design Environment Software Featured in Multiple Training Course Options: Live and Virtual Starting in October(read more)




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μWaveRiders: Cadence AWR Design Environment V22.1 Software Release Highlights

The Cadence AWR Design Environment V22.1 production release is now available for download at Cadence Downloads with design environment, AWR Microwave Office, AWR VSS, AWR Analyst, and other enhancements.(read more)




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μWaveRiders: Scoring Goals with the Latest AWR Design Environment Optimizer

AWR V22.1 software introduces the Pointer-Hybrid optimization method which uses a combination of optimization methods, switching back and forth between methods to efficiently find the lowest optimization error function cost. The optimization algorithm automatically determines when to switch to a different optimization method, making this a superior method over manual selection of algorithms. This method is particularly robust in regards to finding the global minima without getting stuck in a local minima well.(read more)




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μWaveRiders: Setting Up a Successful AWR Design Environment Design - Layout and Component Libraries

When starting a new design, it's important to take the time to consider design recommendations that prevent problems that can arise later in the design cycle. This two-part compilation of guidelines for starting a new design is the result of years of Cadence AWR Design Environment platform Support experience with designs. Pre-design decisions for user interface, simulation, layout, and library configuration lay the groundwork for a successful and efficient AWR design. This blog, part 2, covers the layout and component library considerations designers should note prior to starting a design.(read more)




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Knowledge Booster Training Bytes - The Close Connection Between Schematics and Their Layouts in Microwave Office

Microwave Office is Cadence’s tool-of-choice for RF and microwave designers designing everything from III-V 5G chips, to RF systems in board and package technologies. These types of designs require close interaction between the schematic and its layout. A new Training Byte demonstrates how the schematic-layout connections is built into Microwave Office.(read more)




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Knowledge Booster Training Bytes - Working with Data Sets in Microwave Office

Data sets are a powerful and easy-to-use feature in Microwave Office. Data can be effortlessly be swapped in graphs, and circuit schematics.(read more)





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Training Webinar: Microwave Office: An Integrated Environment for RF and Microwave Design

A recording of a training webinar on Microwave Office is available. Topics show the design environment, with special emphasis placed on electromagnetic (EM) simulation. Normal 0 false false false EN-US JA X-NONE ...(read more)




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Designing a 30MHz to 1000MHz 10W GaN HEMT Power Amplifier

By David Vye, Senior Product Marketing Manager, AWR, Cadence When designing multi-octave high-power amplifiers, it is a challenge to achieve both broadband gain and power matching using a combination of lumped and distributed techniques. One approach...(read more)




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Training Insights New Course: Planar EM Simulation in AWR Microwave Office

New online training course for AXIEM EM Simulator in AWR Microwave Office is available.(read more)




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Unlock Your RF Engineering Potential with a Cadence AWR Free Academic Trial!

Are you ready to revolutionize your RF design experience? Look no further! Cadence AWR software is your gateway to mastering the intricacies of Radio Frequency (RF) circuit design, and now, you can explore its power with our exclusive Free Academic T...(read more)




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Constraining some nets to route through a specific metal layer, and changing some pin/cell placements and wire directions in Cadence Innovus.

Hello All:

I am looking for help on the following, as I am new to Cadence tools [I have to use Cadence Innovus for Physical Design after Logic Synthesis using Synopsys Design Compiler, using Nangate 45 nm Open Cell Library]: while using Cadence Innovus, I would need to select a few specific nets to be routed through a specific metal layer. How can I do this on Innovus [are there any command(s)]? Also, would writing and sourcing a .tcl script [containing the command(s)] on the Innovus terminal after the Placement Stage of Physical Design be fine for this?

Secondly, is there a way in Innovus to manipulate layout components, such as changing some pin placements, wire directions (say for example, wire direction changed to facing east from west, etc.) or moving specific closely placed cells around (without violating timing constraints of course) using any command(s)/.tcl script? If so, would pin placement changes and constraining some closely placed cells to be moved apart be done after Floorplanning/Powerplanning (that is, prior to Placement) and the wire direction changes be done after Routing? 

While making the necessary changes, could I use the usual Innovus commands to perform Physical Design of the remaining nets/wires/pins/cells, etc., or would anything need modification for the remaining components as well?

I would finally need to dump the entire design containing all of this in a .def file.

I tried looking up but could only find matter on Virtuoso and SKILL scripting, but I'd be using Innovus GUI/terminal with Nangate 45 nm Open Cell Library. I know this is a lot, but I would greatly appreciate your help. Thanks in advance.

Riya




w

read from text file with two values and represent that as voltage signals on two different port a and b

i want to read from text file two values  on two ports , i wrote  that  code, and i have that error that shown in the image below . and also the data in text file is shown as screenshot

 


module read_file (a,b);

electrical a,b;
integer in_file_0,data_value, valid, count0,int_value;


analog begin
@(initial_step) begin
in_file_0 = $fopen("/home/hh1667/ee610/my_library/read_file/data2.txt","r");

valid = $fscanf (in_file_0, "%b,%b" ,int_value,count0);
end

V(a) <+ int_value;
V(b) <+ count0;

end

endmodule




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In Simvision, how do I change the waveform font size of the signal names?

Hi Cadence, 

I use simvision 20.09-s007 but my computer screen resolution is very high. As a result, the texts are too small. 

In ~/.simvision/Xdefaults I changed that number to 16, from 12. But the signal names in the waveform traces don't reflect the change. 

Simvision*Font: -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-normal--16-*-*-*-*-*-*-*

Other .font changes seem to reflect on the simvision correctly, except the signal names. 

How do I fix that? I dont mind a single variable to change all the texts fonts to 16. 

Thank you!

PS: I found the answer with another post. I change Preference/Waveform/Display/Signal Height. 




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Stream in gds to virtuoso from directory other than where cds.lib exists

I am scripting gds streamin using 'strmin', which works fine so far.

But, as it apparently doesn't have an option to specify where the cds.lib file is, I have to run it from the directory where the cds.lib file is, or I guess I could create a dummy one to source that one.

Is there a way to tell strmin where the cds.lib file is?




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Conformal LEC can't finish at analyze abort step. How do I proceed?

Hi Cadence & forumers, 

I am running a conformal LEC with a flattened netlist against RTL. 

The run hang for 5 days at the "analyze abort" step which is automatically launched by the compare. 

The netlist is flattened at some levels so hierarchical flow which I tried didn't help much. The flattened/highly optimized netlist is from customer and the ultimate goal. How shall I proceed now? 

On the a side note, a test run with a hierarchical netlist from a simple DC "compile -map_effort medium" command finished after 1 day or so. 

Thank you! 

// Command: vpx compare -verbose -ABORT_Print -NONEQ_Print -TIMEstamp
// Starting multithreaded comparison ...
Comparing 241112 points in parallel.

// Multithreading Overhead: 38% Gates: 8501606/6168138
// Multithreaded processing completed.
================================================================================
Compared points PO DFF DLAT BBOX CUT Total
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Equivalent 1025 241638 30 75 21 242789
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Abort 0 124 0 0 0 124
================================================================================
Compare results of instance/output/pin equivalences and/or sequential merge
================================================================================
Compared points DFF Total
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Equivalent 204 204
================================================================================
// Warning: 512 DFFs/DLATs have 1 disabled clock port: skipped data cone comparison
// Resolving aborts by analyze abort...




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Detailed waveform dumping for selected waveform

I'm currently trying to explore the verilog simulation option in cadence.

One thing that comes to my mind that if there exists a way in cadence workflow to dump selected register/wire's waveform during the simulation. 

Are there any additional tools needed apart from xcelium, is there a tutorial or specific training course for this aspect. I glance through Xcelium Simulator Course Version 22.09, but it seems not having related context. 

I know in Synopsys's workflow, it can be realized using verdi & fsdb in the command line as follows:

if (inst.CTRL_STATE==STATE_START_TO_DUMP)

$fsdbDumpvars(0, inst_1.reg_0);

end

Thanks in advance!




w

How to generate "Sheet Name" column in a pin report?

Hi everyone, 

Is there any method to generate "Sheet" column for a pin report like table below? The column "Name.Pin" & "Signal" can be generated easily, but I have no idea to generate the column of "Sheet Name".

The software using here are Allegro Design Entry HDL, OrCAD Capture and Allegro PCB Editor. Can these 3 software generate "Sheet Name" data?

Name.Pin Signal Sheet Name
C1_1.1 N301321 SITE1_1
C1_1.2 GND_ANA_1 SITE1_1
C1_2.1 N180243 SITE2_1
C1_2.2 GND_ANA_2 SITE2_1

Thank you. 




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How to identify old Orcad Schematic entry version


Good morning,
I dug up an old project from 2005 and I should open the schematic to check some things.
This is the schematic of a XILINX XC95108-pq160 CPLD which the XILINX ISE 6.1 software then translated and compiled, to generate a JEDEC file to burn CPLD.

My problem is that I can't open schematics with the versions of Orcad Schematic Entry that I have.
Can anyone help me understand which version of Orcad Schematic Entry I need to install to see these files?

I shared the files on:
drive.google.com/.../view

Thank you very much




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Merge several worklibs

Hi,

I find there is a similar question 10 years ago and the answer is out of date, so I come to ask again.

I have compiled 2 different blocks in 2 different paths, using basic xrun -f xxxx.f, generated 2 xcelium.d folder.

Then I have to compile another block based on these 2, how can I link these 2 generated libraries while compiling the 3rd one?

Thanks




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Regarding the loading of waveform signals in the waveform windown using the tcl command

Hello,

I am trying to load some of the signals of the design saved in the signals.svwf to the waveform windown via the tcl file, I am using the following commands but nothing works, Can you please help 

 -submit waveform loadsignals -using "Waveform 2" FB1.svwf but it gives me the below error

-submit waveform new -reuse -name Waveforms




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how to tell conformal to ignore certain combination of input

hi

How can I tell the LEC tool to ignore a combination of Primary input bus in both Golden and revised.

For example in both Golden and revised there is 

input [3:0] data_in

I want LEC not to check the case that data_in[3:0] == 4'b1000




w

Want to use Transmission Gate in my design?

I want to use a transmission gate in my design, but it is not available as a standard cell for Genus RTL synthesis. How can I perform an analysis of area, power, and critical path delay that includes the transmission gate alongside standard cells?

Could you provide guidance or a methodology for integrating custom cells, like the transmission gate, into the synthesis flow for accurate analysis?




w

ask some functions that we don't know if it exists

We have a big circuit having 12K gates totally and trying to show it in one page slide visually. But it is so hard for us to shrink it down from gate-level to module-level. Do you have any function like these:

  • Toggle wires on and off
  • “Right click” elements and group them into black boxes
  • Quickly left or right align elements to clean up pictures




w

which tools support Linting for early stages of Digital Design flow?

I am trying to understand the Linting process. I know that mainly JasperGold is the tool for this purpose. Though I think JasperGold is more suited for later stages of the design. As a RTL Design Engineer, I want to make sure that if another tool has the capability of doing Linting earlier in the flow. for example, does Xcelium, Genus or Confomal support linting. I have seen some contradicting information online regarding this topic, though I can't find anything related to Linting on any of these tools.

Thanks




w

Asking for a software suggestion.

Hi. I'm a very new learner on Cadence. I want to synthesis my logic design for the maximum, minimum and an average results of delay, power dissipation and area under varying multiple inputs of different data. The different data will be exported from other software results. I'm lost on the steps/processes I should do.

Could anyone suggest me on which software and/or function or scripts I should use to achieve these results?




w

5X “Time Warp” in Your Next Verification Cycle Using Xcelium Machine Learning

Artificial intelligence (AI) is everywhere. Machine learning (ML) and its associated inference abilities promise to revolutionize everything from driving your car to making your breakfast. Verification is never truly complete; it is over when you run...(read more)




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Automotive Revolution with Ethernet Base-T1

The automotive industry revolutionized the definition of a vehicle in terms of safety, comfort, enhanced autonomy, and internet connectivity. With this trend, the automotive industry rapidly adopted automotive Ethernet such as 10Base-T1, 100Base-T1, and in some cases, 1000Base-T1. 

Faster Speed (than CAN-FD), Scalability, embedded security protocols (like MacSec), cost and energy efficiency, and simple yet redundant network made Ethernet an obvious choice over CAN(FD) and FlexRay.  

      

Ethernet 10Base-T1 

10BASE-T1S is defined under IEEE with 802.3cg. The S in 10BASE-T1S stands for a short distance. 10BASE-T1S uses a multidrop topology, where each node connects to a single cable. Multidrop topology eliminates the need for switches and, as a result, fewer cables/less cost. The primary goal of 10BASE-T1S is a deterministic transmission on a collision-free multidrop network. 10BASE-T1S cables use a pair of twisted wires. As per IEEE, at least eight nodes can connect to each, but more connections are feasible.   

The Physical Layer Collision Avoidance [PLCA] protocol ensures that it uses the entire 10 Mbps bandwidth. In 10BaseTs, Reconciliation Sublayer provides optional Physical Layer Collision Avoidance (PLCA) capabilities among participating stations. Using PLCA-enabled Physical Layers in CSMA/CD half-duplex shared-medium networks can provide enhanced bandwidth and improved access latency under heavily loaded traffic conditions. The working principle of PLCA is that transmit opportunities on a mixing segment are granted in sequence based on a node ID unique to the local collision domain (set by the management entity). 10BASE-T1S also supports an arbitration scheme that guarantees consistent node access to the media within a predefined time.  

The 10BASE-T1S PHY is intended to cover the low-speed/low-cost applications in the industrial and automotive environment. A large number of pins (16) required by the MII interface is one of the significant cost factors that must be addressed to fulfill this objective. The 10BASE-T1S "Transceiver" solution is suited for embedded systems where the digital portion of the PHY is fully integrated, e.g., into an MCU or an Ethernet switch core, leaving only the analog portion (the transceiver) into a separate IC. 

Ethernet 100Base-T1/1000Base-T1 

100Base-T1 and 1000Base-T1 can be used for audio/video information. With Higher bandwidth capacity, 100Base-T1/ 1000Base-T1 paired with AVB (Audio video bridging) can be used for car infotainment systems. 100Base-T1/1000Base-T1 paired with time-sensitive networking [TSN] protocol can be used to fulfill the automotive industry's mission-critical, time-sensitive, and deterministic latency needs. 

 PTP Over MacSec  

With today's automotive network, all the Electronic Control Units connected require timing accuracy and network synchronization, Precision Time Protocol (PTP), defined in IEEE 1588, provides synchronized clocks throughout a network.  While maintaining the timing accuracy for mission-critical applications, protecting the vehicle network from vulnerable threats is mandatory, and PTP over MacSec provides the consolidated solution.  

With the availability of the Cadence Verification IP for 10/100/1000BaseT1 and TSN, adopters can start working with these specifications immediately, ensuring compliance with the standard and achieving the fastest path to IP and SoC verification closure. The 10/100/1000GBaseT1 and TSN provide a full-stack solution, including support to the PHY, MAC, and TSN layers with a comprehensive coverage model and protocol checkers. Ethernet BaseT1 and TSN VIP covers all features required for complete coverage verification closure. More details are available in the Ethernet Verification IP portfolio. 

Krunal 




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Cadence in Collaboration with Arm Ensures the Software Just Works

The increase in compute and data-intensive applications and the need for lower power consumption have resulted in a rapidly growing number of Arm-based devices in various market segments; this requires fast time to market (TTM) and support for off-t...(read more)




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Xcelium PowerPlayBack App and Dynamic Power Analysis

Learn how Xcelium PowerPlayback App enables the massively parallel Xcelium replay of waveforms for glitch-accurate power estimation of multi-billion gate SoC designs.(read more)





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TSN-PTP: A Real-Time Network Clock Synchronizing Protocol

In a network containing multiple nodes, the need for synchronization between the various nodes is not just instrumental but also a complicated and highly complex process. This process becomes even more tricky if we synchronize the clocks between the Manager and the Peripheral. As we know, in a real-time network, some of the nodes would behave like Managers while some would be a Peripheral. If we must make the communication process smooth, then the local clocks of these nodes must be synchronized. 

The problem with this synchronization is that we have the clock running in the Manager as well. If we send the value of the Manager clock to the Peripheral, the synchronization doesn’t happen as we have a propagation delay of the messages, along with the propagation delay of the electronic circuits of Manager and the Peripheral.  

The cherry on the cake is that these electronic circuit propagation delays are not random and remain constant, so we can add a time offset to it to match the clock. To tackle this challenge, IEEE has come up with a protocol named “Precision Timing Protocol.” 

 

Operation of PTP: 

To synchronize the clocks, a Sync message is sent by the Manager to the Peripheral, which then timestamps the receiving time of the same. Following this, a ‘Follow up’ message is issued by the Manager stating the timestamp at which the Sync message was sent. 

The Peripheral then finds the difference between the two values and adds this to its current time. After this, the time difference between the Manager and the Peripheral narrows down to only the propagation delay of the messages.  

To overcome this, the Peripheral issues a ‘Delay Request’ to the Manager, and the Manager, in turn, issues a ‘Delay Response.’ Both these messages have the timestamp of when they were issued. The time at which they are received is then noted. Since two messages are sent, one from the Peripheral and the other from the Manager, there are two propagation delays. Then half of this value is our propagation delay. 

The Peripheral then adds this propagation delay to its clock, and hence the clock gets synchronized. 

Advantages of PTP: 

  1. It provides accurate time stamping. 
  2. It is a well-known clock synchronization protocol. 
  3. It provides intensified security inside the premises. 
  4. It provides the possibility of setting coordinated actions and synchronized communication. 

There are various versions of PTP that have been developed over time, namely PTPv1, PTPv2, PTPv2_1, and the latest PTP-AS. 

Cadence Verification IP for Ethernetis available to support the newer version of PTP, allowing simulation of the device for efficient IP, SoC, and system-level design verification. Semiconductor companies can start using it to fully verify their controller design and achieve functional verification closure on it within no time. 




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USB4 Interoperability with Thunderbolt™︎ 3 (TBT3) Systems

One of the key goals for USB4 is to retain compatibility with the existing ecosystem of USB3.2, USB 2.0 and Thunderbolt  products, and the resulting connection scales to the best mutual capability of the devices being connected. USB4 is designed to work with older versions of USB and Thunderbolt . USB4 Fabric support high throughput interconnects of 10 Gbps (for Gen 2) and 20 Gbps (for Gen 3) and supports Thunderbolt 3-compatible rates of 10.3125 Gbps (for Gen 2) and 20.625 Gbps (for Gen 3). It becomes very important to verify the Thunderbolt  backward compatibility with the designs. Though the support of USB4 Interoperability with Thunderbolt  3 (TBT3) is optional in USB4 host or USB4 peripheral device and required USB4 Hub and USB4 Based Dock but it is very essential to work in the existing ecosystem. 

Few Main features of USB4 Interoperability with Thunderbolt  3 (TBT3) Systems

  • Support for Bi-Directional Pins & Retimers: TBT3 Active Cables can contain two bidirectional Re-timers which have the capability to send AT Responses on its RX channel. Router connected directly to such Retimer needs to support A Router that is connected directly to a bidirectional Re-timer shall support reception of Transactions on both TX and RX channels. 

  • Bounce Mechanism: This feature is used by Router to access the Register Space of a Cable Re-timer that can only be accessed by its Link Partner.
  • Asymmetric Negotiation: The Router which connects with Cable Retimers needs to follow Asymmetric TxFFE in Phase 5 of Lane Initialization. 
  • USB4 Link Transitions: In TBT3 mode, the configuration of two independent Single Lane Links can be used non-transient state or Single Lane Link just using the Lane1 Adapter.

Cadence has a mature USB4 Verification IP solution that can help in the verification of USB4 designs with TBT3. Cadence has taken an active part in the Cairo group that defined the USB4 specification and has created a comprehensive Verification IP that is being used by multiple members. If you plan to have a USB4-compatible design, you can reduce the risk of adopting new technology by using our proven and mature USB4 Verification IP. Please contact your Cadence local account team, for more details.




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